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EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in feed and food. The assessment focused on hexaCNs due to very limited data on other PCN congeners. For hexaCNs in feed, 217 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures for food‐producing and non‐food‐producing animals; however, a risk characterisation could not be performed because none of the toxicological studies allowed identification of reference points. The oral repeated dose toxicity studies performed in rats with a hexaCN mixture containing all 10 hexaCNs indicated that the critical target was the haematological system. A BMDL20 of 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified for a considerable decrease in the platelet count. For hexaCNs in food, 2317 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures across dietary surveys and age groups. The highest exposure ranged from 0.91 to 29.8 pg/kg bw per day in general population and from 220 to 559 pg/kg bw per day for breast‐fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs for the high dietary exposures ranged from 1,700,000 to 55,000,000 for the general population and from 90,000 to 230,000 for breast‐fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. These MOEs are far above the minimum MOE of 2000 that does not raise a health concern. Taking account of the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded with at least 99% certainty that dietary exposure to hexaCNs does not raise a health concern for any of the population groups considered. Due to major limitations in the available data, no assessment was possible for genotoxic effects or for health risks of PCNs other than hexaCNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EFSA established cumulative assessment groups and conducted retrospective cumulative risk assessments for two types of craniofacial alterations (alterations due to abnormal skeletal development, head soft tissue alterations and brain neural tube defects) for 14 European populations of women in childbearing age. Cumulative acute exposure calculations were performed by probabilistic modelling using monitoring data collected by Member States in 2017, 2018 and 2019. A rigorous uncertainty analysis was performed using expert knowledge elicitation. Considering all sources of uncertainty, their dependencies and differences between populations, it was concluded with varying degrees of certainty that the MOET resulting from cumulative exposure is above 100 for the two types of craniofacial alterations. The threshold for regulatory consideration established by risk managers is therefore not exceeded. Considering the severity of the effects under consideration, it was also assessed whether the MOET is above 500. This was the case with varying levels of certainty for the head soft tissue alterations and brain neural tube defects. However, for the alterations due to abnormal skeletal development, it was found about as likely as not that the MOET is above 500 in most populations. For two populations, it was even found more likely that the MOET is below 500. These results were discussed in the light of the conservatism of the methodological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance Purpureocillium lilacinum strain PL11 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Purpureocillium lilacinum strain PL11 as nematicide on tomato, pepper, aubergine, cucumber, courgette, melon, watermelon, pumpkin (field and greenhouse applications). The reliable endpoints appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant FMC International Switzerland Sarl (FISSarl) submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance cyantraniliprole in table olives and olives for oil production. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the intended uses of cyantraniliprole in olives. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of cyantraniliprole in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the intake of residues resulting from the uses of cyantraniliprole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co‐rapporteur Member State France for the pesticide active substances that are Straight Chain Lepidopteran Pheromones (SCLPs) and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substances in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of representative uses of some SCLPs as semiochemicals used to protect grapes, pome fruits, walnuts, rice and any other crop (where Chilo suppressalis may be a pest) (all field uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant ADAMA Agriculture BV on behalf of ADAMA Makhteshim Ltd submitted a request to the competent national authority in Denmark to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance tau-fluvalinate in tomatoes and watermelons. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for tomatoes. For watermelons, a change of the MRL recently set in the EU legislation is not required. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of tau-fluvalinate in the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the intended uses of tau-fluvalinate according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, France, and corapporteur Member State, Austria, for the pesticide active substance carbon dioxide and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of carbon dioxide as an insecticide and acaricide on stored cereal grains, oilseeds, medicinal plants, cereal products, spices, tobacco, tea, dried fruits and other stored plant products (except semolina and oilseed meal) (all indoor uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance 8‐hydroxyquinoline. To assess the occurrence of 8‐hydroxyquinoline residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008, as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and all MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Denmark, and co‐rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG2348 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain EG2348 as an insecticide on pome fruits (field use), solanaceous fruiting vegetables (uses in permanent greenhouse and walk‐in tunnel) and ornamentals (field, permanent greenhouse and walk‐in tunnel uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Spain and co‐rapporteur Member State Hungary for the pesticide active substance calcium carbonate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of calcium carbonate as a repellent on deciduous and coniferous trees in forestry. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. No concerns were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Denmark, and co‐rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54 as an insecticide on stone fruit and ornamentals (field uses) and tomato (field, permanent greenhouse and walk‐in tunnel uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to set an import tolerance for the active substance cyflufenamid in hops. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an maximum residue level (MRL) proposal for hops; however, further risk management considerations are required to decide on the appropriate MRL values considering that the MRL in the country of origin is lower than the MRL proposal derived from the residue trials. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of cyflufenamid in the crop under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the consumer risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of cyflufenamid according to the reported agricultural practice in the country of origin is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. This conclusion shall be regarded as indicative considering that some MRL proposals derived by EFSA during the MRL review require further confirmatory data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant UPL Europe Ltd. submitted an application to the competent national authority in Germany (evaluating Member State, EMS) to raise the existing maximum residue level (MRL) to 0.15 mg/kg for the active substance phenmedipham in celeriac. The submitted residue trials are sufficient to derive a tentative MRL of 0.15 mg/kg, pending further investigation of nature of phenmedipham residues in root crops. For this assessment EFSA considered that the available sugar beet metabolism data can be extrapolated to celeriac on a tentative basis. The acceptability of such proposal shall be further considered by risk managers. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of phenmedipham in celeriac at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Since the current MRL application was submitted before the finalisation of the EU pesticides peer review of the renewal of the approval of phenmedipham, the consumer exposure assessment was performed according to the conclusions on the toxicity of phenmedipham from the first approval under Directive 91/414/EEC. Accordingly, the long-term intake of residues of phenmedipham resulting from the existing and the intended uses does not indicate a risk to consumer health. The present assessment does not consider the data gaps identified in the context of the renewal of the approval of phenmedipham under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 which prevented experts to derive toxicological reference values (TRVs) for phenmedipham, to derive the risk assessment residue definition for root crops other than sugar beet and to conclude on the toxicity of relevant metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance pinoxaden. To assess the occurrence of pinoxaden residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Commission Regulation (EU) No 188/2011, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States and the UK (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and some MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Agro GmbH submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance cyprodinil in blueberries, cranberries, currants and gooseberries. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for blueberries, cranberries, currants and gooseberries. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of cyprodinil on the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the uses of cyprodinil on blueberries, cranberries, currants and gooseberries according to the reported agricultural practices will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference value and therefore is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance cyproconazole. Considering that no application was received to support the renewal of the approval of cyproconazole and considering the expiry date for its approval on 31 May 2021, and that the import tolerances identified were not supported by sufficient data, and are not forming the basis of any existing EU MRLs, but correspond to existing MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (codex maximum residue limits; CXLs), the current assessment is limited to CXLs. To assess the occurrence of cyproconazole residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008, as well as the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Based on the assessment of the available data, EFSA assessed the CXLs and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and all MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Spain, and co-rapporteur Member State, Greece, for the pesticide active substance phosmet and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of phosmet as an insecticide on citrus fruits, pome fruits, peaches/nectarines and potatoes (field uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance phenmedipham in strawberries. Noting that at least one additional trial is missing, an MRL of 0.7 mg/kg was derived for the intended NEU use of phenmedipham on strawberries. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of phenmedipham in strawberries at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Since the current MRL application was submitted before the finalisation of the EU pesticides peer review of the renewal of the approval of phenmedipham, the consumer exposure assessment was performed according to the conclusions on the toxicity of phenmedipham from the first approval under Directive 91/414/EEC. Accordingly, the long‐term intake of residues of phenmedipham resulting from the existing and the intended uses is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. EFSA notes that the present assessment does not take into account the data gaps identified in the context of the renewal of the approval of phenmedipham under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, which prevented experts to derive toxicological reference values (TRVs) for phenmedipham, to derive the risk assessment residue definition for fruit crops and to conclude on the toxicity of relevant metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta France SAS submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to amend the residue definition for risk assessment and to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance acibenzolar‐S‐methyl in beans (with pods) and peas (with pods). The toxicological data submitted in support of this MRL application were found to be sufficient to conclude that the plant metabolite 4‐OH acibenzolar acid is not genotoxic in vitro, however lacking investigation of the general toxicity, a definitive conclusion cannot be derived whether 4‐OH acibenzolar acid (free and conjugated) should be included or excluded from the residue definition for risk assessment for all commodities belonging to the groups of leafy crops and pulses/oilseeds. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals on the basis of the current residue definition (sum of acibenzolar‐S‐methyl and acibenzolar acid (free and conjugated), expressed as acibenzolar‐S‐methyl) for the intended uses on lettuces and salad plants, beans (with pods) and peas (with pods). The available residue trials are sufficient to derive MRL proposals of 1 mg/kg for beans with pods and peas with pods. The submitted information did not provide evidence that the existing MRL has to be changed for the intended uses on lettuces and other salad plants. For herbs and edible flowers, data gaps were identified which precluded the derivation of MRL proposals. The consumer risk assessment for the current residue definition did not identify an unacceptable risk for consumers. The indicative exposure calculations performed for the metabolite 4‐OH acibenzolar indicate that exposure to this metabolite is lower than the exposure to acibenzolar‐S‐methyl and acibenzolar acid (free and conjugated). However, considering the data gaps identified, a definitive conclusion cannot be derived by EFSA on the risk for consumers related to the intake of residues of 4‐OH acibenzolar acid. The reliable end points appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Finland to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for propiconazole in the framework of the MRL review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. Following the decision on the non‐renewal of the approval of propiconazole and the decision to lower the maximum residue levels (MRLs) for propiconazole to the limit of quantification (LOQ) for all commodities, the data gaps identified in the MRL review are no longer relevant. EFSA summarised some new studies on the toxicological profile of propiconazole metabolites CGA91305, SYN547889 and NOA436613, which were assessed by the rapporteur Member State. Overall, the available information is not sufficient to characterise the toxicological profile of metabolites convertible to 2,4‐dichlorobenzoic acid as data gaps still exist for SYN547889, NOA436613, CGA118244, CGA118245, CGA91304 and CGA91305. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance difenoconazole in commodities belonging to the group of leafy brassica. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for leafy brassica. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of difenoconazole in plant matrices under consideration at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg and for difenoconazole and metabolite CGA205375 in animal matrices at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg for meat muscle, fat, liver, kidney and eggs and at the validated LOQ of 0.005 mg/kg for milk. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that for the crops assessed in this application the short‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of difenoconazole according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Long‐term consumer intake concerns cannot be excluded for the intended and existing difenoconazole uses as they are affected by uncertainties associated with the toxicity of metabolite CGA205375 and the lack of information on all existing difenoconazole uses in the EU. Overall, this risk assessment is considered provisional, pending the submission of confirmatory data on possible preferential metabolism/degradation of the four stereo isomers of difenoconazole in plants and has to be re‐considered when the missing data become available. Additionally, this assessment does not take into consideration triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs) which may be generated by several pesticides belonging to the group of triazole fungicides as this application was submitted before September 2019 which is the date of application of the new strategy endorsed by the risk managers for the assessment of TDMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in Austria to set an import tolerance for the active substance azoxystrobin in sugar beet roots. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive maximum residue level (MRL) proposals for sugar beet roots. However, robust processing factors for Annex VI in view of monitoring of residues in processed commodities could not be derived. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of azoxystrobin in plant and animal matrices at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of azoxystrobin according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In compliance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the EFSA received from the European Commission a mandate to provide its reasoned opinion on the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for spinosad which might lead to consumers intake concerns on the basis of a new toxicological reference value established during the peer review and of the data currently available to EFSA. In order to identify the MRLs of potential concern that require a more detailed assessment, EFSA screened the existing MRLs for spinosad considering the new toxicological reference values and an acute risk could not be excluded for six commodities. Fall‐back MRLs for all six commodities were proposed on the basis of the data received under the present assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticide residues was conducted for chronic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in a previous scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system. The exposure assessments used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2016, 2017 and 2018, and individual food consumption data from 10 populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Exposure estimates were obtained by means of a two‐dimensional probabilistic model, which was implemented in SAS® software. The characterisation of cumulative risk was supported by an uncertainty analysis based on expert knowledge elicitation. For each of the 10 populations, it is concluded with varying degrees of certainty that cumulative exposure to pesticides contributing to the chronic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase does not exceed the threshold for regulatory consideration established by risk managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants BASF Agro B.V. (represented by OAT Agrio Co. Ltd.) and Certis Europe B.V. submitted separate requests to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance cyflumetofen in various crops. The data submitted in support of the requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for citrus fruits, apricots, peaches, tomatoes, aubergines, cucumbers and hops. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of cyflumetofen on the fruit commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg and on hops at the LOQ of 0.1 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long‐term intake of residues resulting from the use of cyflumetofen according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance sulfuryl fluoride. To assess the occurrence of sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride ion residues in plants, processed commodities and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRLs were calculated, but a consumer risk assessment could be carried out for sulfuryl fluoride only. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified for sulfuryl fluoride, a standard consumer risk assessment to fluoride ion could not be performed, lacking information on the toxicological reference values for fluoride. Hence, an 'overall' consumer risk assessment could not be performed, only tentative MRLs proposal could be derived and measures for reduction of the consumer exposure should also be considered. Nevertheless, considering that fluoride ion is naturally occurring in food of plant and animal origin, EFSA performed an indicative calculation of the consumer exposure to estimate whether the uses currently authorised will contribute significantly to the overall consumer exposure to fluoride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH submitted a request to the competent national authority in Italy to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance tebufenozide in apricots and peaches. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for apricots and peaches. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of tebufenozide on the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of tebufenozide according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance thiram. Although this active substance is no longer authorised within the European Union, MRLs based on the use of thiram were established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (codex maximum residue limits; CXLs) and import tolerances were reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, EFSA assessed the existing import tolerances, and a consumer risk assessment was carried out for thiram only. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, the import tolerances were not fully supported by data. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and further consideration by risk managers is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for bentazone in beans and peas with and without pods. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for peas with pods. Results from the residue trials indicated that there is no need to modify the existing MRLs for beans with pods, beans without pods and peas without pods. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of bentazone and its metabolites in the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. EFSA concluded that the proposed use of bentazone on peas with pods will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values and therefore is unlikely to pose a risk to consumers' health for parent bentazone. The risk assessment however is indicative and affected by additional, non-standard uncertainties resulting from the insufficient information related to the toxicological properties for 6-hydroxy-bentazone in the wheat metabolism study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Germany, and co-rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST 713, formerly Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713, are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST 713 as a fungicide on strawberry (field and greenhouse uses) and grapes (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF Italia Srl submitted a request to the competent national authority in Italy to set import tolerances for the active substance metiram in passion fruits/maracujas, bananas, pineapples and to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) in celeriacs on the basis of intended northern Europe (NEU) use. The data submitted in support of the request were found sufficient to derive MRL proposals for pineapples and passion fruits/maracujas; according to the data provided, the existing EU MRL in bananas did not require modification and the data were not sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for celeriacs. A consumer exposure calculation, which considered only metiram uses, indicated no long-term consumer intake concerns, but is affected by several uncertainties related to the lack of residue data reflecting the existing uses of metiram. A second exposure scenario in which the lack of information was overcome by conservative assumptions indicated potential chronic exposure concerns for a number of diets. The contribution of residues in the crops under consideration to the long-term consumer exposure is low. The consumer exposure to ethylenethiourea (ETU) residues from the existing and intended metiram uses indicated no consumer intake concerns. However, the risk assessment is affected by a number of uncertainties that could not be addressed with the currently available data. EFSA therefore proposed that a comprehensive consumer exposure to ETU residues is performed in the framework of Article 12 MRL review, considering the existing uses of dithiocarbamates that are known to degrade to ETU in processed products. Considering the inconclusive results and overall uncertainties in the risk assessment, EFSA is of the opinion that further risk management discussions are required whether a modification of existing dithiocarbamate MRLs is justified prior to the finalisation of the MRL review on metiram and other dithiocarbamates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the European Commission requested EFSA to prepare a reasoned opinion on the toxicological properties and the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) set for propoxur. EFSA was requested to assess the toxicological properties of propoxur and derive toxicological reference values, based on the toxicological assessment performed by Health Canada. EFSA was also requested to review the information provided by Member States and the UK on the metabolism of propoxur in plants and animals and on the current MRLs, as well as the limit of quantification (LOQ) that can be achieved with analytical methods used in MRL enforcement. Based on the information available to EFSA, toxicological reference values could not be derived for propoxur. No evidence was provided by Member States and UK that the existing EU MRLs need to be maintained as import tolerances. Information to support the current MRLs or alternative MRLs have not been provided by Member States and the UK. Codex MRLs are not in place. EFSA therefore recommended lowering of all existing EU MRLs for propoxur to the LOQ. According to the EU Reference Laboratories, sufficiently validated analytical methods are available to analyse for propoxur residues in all plant and animal commodities. Lacking toxicological reference values derived at EU level, a conclusion cannot be derived whether the setting of MRLs at the LOQs is sufficiently protective for the European consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicant FMC Agricultural Solutions A/S submitted a request to the competent national authority in Belgium to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. To address the data gaps, a new storage stability study was submitted and information on an analytical method for determination of bifenthrin in eggs was made available. The data gaps were sufficiently addressed. The new information provided, did not require a revision of the existing MRLs. In addition, in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant submitted a request to set import tolerances for bifenthrin in sweet corn and maize grain. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for maize grain only. For sweet corn, data gaps were identified which precluded the derivation of an MRL proposal. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of bifenthrin (sum of isomers) in plant matrices under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg and in animal matrices. EFSA concluded that the short‐term and long‐term intake of residues resulting from the uses of bifenthrin according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The risk assessment is affected by additional non‐standard uncertainty related to the expiry of EU authorisation for a number of crops for which previously EU MRLs were established, and which are still included in the risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden and co‐rapporteur Member State Spain for the pesticide active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (serotype H‐14) strain AM65‐52 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (serotype H‐14) strain AM65‐52 as an insecticide on ornamental plants (permanent greenhouse production). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In compliance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the EFSA received from the European Commission a mandate to provide its reasoned opinion on the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for methoxyfenozide which might lead to consumers intake concerns on the basis of the new toxicological reference values agreed upon by Member States (MSs) on 13 December 2018. In order to identify the MRLs of potential concern that require a more detailed assessment, EFSA screened the existing MRLs for methoxyfenozide, considering the new toxicological reference values and an acute risk could not be excluded for eight commodities. A fall‐back MRL was proposed for tomatoes and the MRL for citrus fruit could be confirmed considering the use of a peeling factor. No other fall‐back good agricultural practices (GAPs) were received, and thus, a lowering of the MRLs for peaches, apples, pears and broccoli is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance quinoxyfen. Although this active substance is no longer authorised within the European Union, MRLs were established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (codex maximum residue limits; CXLs) and an import tolerance was reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, EFSA assessed the CXLs and import tolerance requested, and a consumer risk assessment was carried out considering the toxicological reference value established for the first inclusion under Directive 91/414/EEC. All CXLs and import tolerance were found to be adequately supported by data and no risk to consumers was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicant Cheminova A/S submitted a request to the competent national authority in the United Kingdom to evaluate the confirmatory data for the active substance flutriafol that were identified in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. The applicant provided residue trials on rice representative for an adjusted Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), metabolism studies in goats and storage stability data in tissues of animal origin addressing the data gaps identified in the MRL review. For the nature of residues in processed commodities, relevant to confirm the MRLs on pome fruits and wine grapes, the applicant referred to the information provided in a previous MRL application and already assessed by EFSA. The data gaps on the authorised uses on beetroots, melons and watermelons assessed in the MRL review were not addressed. At the same time, the applicant submitted a request to the United Kingdom to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for flutriafol in cucurbits with inedible peel according to Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. The data submitted were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for these crops. EFSA concluded that the proposed use of flutriafol on the crops under assessment will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values for flutriafol and therefore is unlikely to pose a risk to consumers' health. Regarding the triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs), the conclusions reached in a previously issued assessment for another triazole fungicide are still valid. An update of the indicative consumer risk assessment for each individual metabolite is not necessary since the residues expected in the concerned commodities are covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State the United Kingdom and co‐rapporteur Member State Greece for the pesticide active substance mancozeb are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of mancozeb as a fungicide on wheat (winter/spring), grapevine, potatoes and tomatoes. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Asahi Chemical Europe s.r.o. submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substances sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate (Na 5-NG), sodium o-nitrophenolate (Na o-NP) and sodium p-nitrophenolate (Na p-NP) in table olives and olives for oil production in support of the intended SEU use. The data submitted in support of this MRL application were sufficient to derive an MRL of 0.12 mg/kg (at the combined limit of quantification (LOQ) of the three sodium nitrocompounds as validated in the framework of the residue trials). This higher MRL does not reflect residues in olives from the intended use but refers to occurrence of p-nitrophenolate (p-NP) from unidentified source. As p-NP was present in all untreated olive samples regardless of the country of origin and the year of the treatment, in some cases at levels above the enforcement LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg, the applicant analysed residue trial samples using a method with a higher validated LOQ of 0.1 mg/kg for Na p-NP. The competent authorities shall be aware that residues of p-NP at levels < 0.1 mg/kg in olives are not related to the use of sodium nitrocompounds on the crop but to other sources of unknown origin. The current analytical methods for enforcement control residues of sodium nitrocompounds in high oil content matrices at the validated LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg per substance (combined LOQ of 0.03 mg/kg). Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of sodium nitrocompounds according to the reported agricultural practice and occurrence of p-NP from unidentified source is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden and co-rapporteur Member State Hungary for the pesticide active substance Pythium oligandrum strain M1 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Pythium oligandrum strain M1 as a fungicide on oil seed rape, wheat and spring barley (field use). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant FMC Agro Limited submitted a request to the competent national authority in the UK to set import tolerances for the active substance chlorantraniliprole in strawberries and the whole category pulses (beans, lentils, peas and lupins/lupini beans). The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an maximum residue level (MRL) proposal for the whole category pulses. The available data are not sufficient to derive an import tolerance for strawberries and no modification of the current EU MRL is required. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of chlorantraniliprole in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of chlorantraniliprole according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Bayer SAS - Crop Science Division submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance flupyradifurone and its metabolite DFA in rapeseeds/canola seeds and mustard seeds. The data submitted in support of the request were found sufficient to derive MRL proposals for both compounds in rapeseeds and mustard seeds. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the relevant residues in plant matrices under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues of flupyradifurone and of its metabolite DFA resulting from the use of flupyradifurone is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State The Netherlands and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai strain GC-91 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai strain GC-91 as an insecticide on pome fruits (apple, pear), grapes and sports turf (field uses) and tomato (greenhouse uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State the Netherlands for the pesticide active substance Beauveria bassiana strain 203 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Beauveria bassiana strain 203 as an insecticide on Phoenix canariensis (field use, indoor and greenhouse applications) and Phoenix dactylifera (field use) in southern Europe. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State The Netherlands and co‐rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai strain ABTS‐1857 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai strain ABTS‐1857 as an insecticide on fruiting vegetables (pepper, field and greenhouse uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, and co‐rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance Metarhizium brunneumBIPESCO 5/F52 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Metarhizium brunneumBIPESCO 5/F52 as an insecticide and acaricide on meadows, grassland, amenity turf, maize, wine and table grape, potato, allium vegetables (only field uses) and ornamentals (floriculture, tree nurseries and perennials), strawberry, currants and berries, solanaceae fruiting vegetables (field and greenhouse uses) and cucurbit fruiting vegetables (only greenhouse uses). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaftund Gartenbau (LLG) submitted two applications to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance fluroxypyr in chives, celery leaves, parsley, thyme and basil and edible flowers. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under consideration, except for thyme for which a tentative MRL proposal was derived for further risk management considerations. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fluroxypyr in the commodities under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the intake of residues resulting from the use of fluroxypyr according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]