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An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions. Key papers on the role of nutrition and metabolic cues in puberty timing were published in 1963, and there have been many advances in this field in the subsequent 60 years. This Review discusses the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development. Key points: In 1963, Kennedy and Mitra published a seminal study in rats demonstrating that body weight is a major determinant of pubertal timing. An increasing incidence of earlier ages at puberty has been documented; early pubertal timing favours the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers in adulthood. Macronutrients and hormones that modulate growth and/or signal adipose tissue mass serve as metabolic cues conveying the nutritional status and stored energy available for sexual maturation, differentiation and growth. The effect of metabolic cues on puberty is mediated by neural targets upstream of GnRH neurons; considerable progress in defining the neuronal circuitry and glial components has been achieved. A number of molecular pathways and epigenetic mechanisms have been identified as primary components in the modulation of pubertal timing by hormones and nutritional cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive function is critical for species survival; however, it is energetically costly and physically demanding. Reproductive suppression is therefore a physiologically appropriate adaptation to certain ecological, environmental, and/or temporal conditions. This 'allostatic' suppression of fertility enables individuals to accommodate unfavorable reproductive circumstances and safeguard survival. The mechanisms underpinning this reproductive suppression are complex, yet culminate with the reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which in turn suppresses gonadotropin release from the pituitary, thereby impairing gonadal function. The focus of this review will be on the role of RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) neurons in different examples of allostatic reproductive suppression. RFRP neurons release the RFRP-3 peptide, which negatively regulates GnRH neurons and thus appears to act as a 'brake' on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. In a multitude of predictable (e.g., pre-puberty, reproductive senescence, and seasonal or lactational reproductive quiescence) and unpredictable (e.g., metabolic, immune and/or psychosocial stress) situations in which GnRH secretion is suppressed, the RFRP neurons have been suggested to act as modulators. This review examines evidence for and against these roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the survey of the law of professional responsibility in Indiana from August 2021 to September 2022. Also cited are the per curiam rulings by the state's Supreme Court imposing sanctions for lawyer misconduct, the need for civility in both trials and disciplinary proceedings, and the application of the Rules of Professional Conduct to common ethical dilemmas.

In Fall 2020, all universities in Alberta went with remote delivery of classes due to COVID-19 restrictions. This provided not only teaching challenges, but also opportunities. Professors at three Canadian universities teaching similar undergraduate courses in international political economy decided to use the challenges/opportunities of COVID-19 restrictions to experiment with a World Trade Organization (WTO) simulation across three campuses through remote delivery. Simulations are frequently used for teaching in political science, but what was unusual was doing it through remote delivery. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the experiment. It traces the origins/evolution of the idea, learning objectives for the students, preparation by the professors to design the WTO simulation, and the experience of the actual simulation. It also addresses the challenges (technological, timing, assignments, grading, student anxiety, etc.). In addition, it identifies the steps that were taken to reduce and mitigate the challenges. It also acknowledges the mistakes that were made by the professors in designing and implementing the assignment. These observations and reflections are informed by the materials that the professors prepared, their thoughts on the experience, and the feedback from participating students (through official student evaluations as well as a special survey instrument). It provides lessons for future online simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthopedic sports surgery of the knee and shoulder is generally considered to be safe and effective. Vascular complications can occur during or after arthroscopy of either joint. A thorough understanding of anatomy, particularly when placing portals in non-routine locations, is extremely important. Prompt recognition of any vascular complication is of significant importance. This review will discuss the potential vascular complications for both knee and shoulder sports surgery, review the relevant anatomy, and discuss the treatment and expected outcome of each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being truthful with patients is a critical foundation of the doctorpatient relationship and is fundamental to development of trust. A professional commitment to truth telling may sometimes contradict other principles of bioethics, which may challenge decision-making for the doctor and/or the treatment team. Practitioners may fail to address all ethical or legal aspects of a case and therefore make inappropriate decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are amongst the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and are largely preventable by improving the quality of the air we breathe. The most commonly deployed treatment, the metered dose inhaler (MDI), uses hydrofluorocarbon propellants, which are powerful greenhouse gases that contribute disproportionately to the climate crisis. Alternative treatment strategies are required if we are to avoid contributing to the worst effects of climate change. These strategies include promoting non-pharmacological therapies like smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation; empowering patients to gain better disease control through written management plans and encouraging preventer, rather than reliever therapies. Pharmacological strategies include: improving inhaler technique and spacer use; minimising propellant release by using smaller volume MDIs and simpler dosing regimes; dose counters to prevent waste; switching to low global warming potential inhalers; and inhaler recycling. There are also opportunities to improve disease control alongside reduced greenhouse gas emissions, including better matching of patients' devices to inhaler technique rather than defaulting to MDIs, stopping unnecessary inhaled steroids in COPD and maintenance and reliever therapy in asthma. New, lower global warming potential propellants are on the horizon, and their introduction could offer a golden opportunity to enhance MDIs usability and sustainability by making them refillable, integrating whistles to optimise inhalation technique, adding integrated caps, optimising materials for recycling and adding dose counters to all MDIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donald Trump's tenure as President of the United States has been among the most disruptive in American history. In many areas, President Trump has upended convention, undermined norms, and cast aspersions on a host of institutions. Trump's imposition of punitive tariffs on steel and aluminum, along with the threat to withdraw from the NAFTA have been significant threats to the Canadian economy. The President's instincts on trade may be one of the few constants in a worldview on foreign policy that has otherwise lacked consistency. This article argues that Trump's actions on trade have other precedents in American history, many of which have similarly embroiled Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A professional commitment to patient confidentiality may sometimes contradict other principles of bioethics. Decisionmaking for doctors and their team can be challenging amidst such conflicting principles, and despite the practitioner's best intentions, withholding information can result in potential consequences such as harm to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Approximately half of the diagnosed individuals also experience the metabolic syndrome. Central and peripheral resistance to the hormones insulin and leptin have been reported to contribute to both metabolic and reproductive dysregulation. In PCOS and preclinical PCOS animal models, circulating insulin and leptin levels are often increased in parallel with the development of hormone resistance; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes contribute to the PCOS state. In this study, we tested whether central actions of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), negative regulators of insulin and leptin signaling pathways, respectively, play a role in the development of PCOS-like phenotype. A peripubertal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) excess PCOS-like mouse model was used, which exhibits both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. Mice with knockout of the genes encoding PTP1B and SOCS3 from forebrain neurons were generated, and metabolic and reproductive functions were compared between knockout and control groups. DHT treatment induced mild insulin resistance but not leptin resistance, so the role of SOCS3 could not be tested. As expected, DHT excess abolished estrous cycles and corpora lutea presence and caused increased visceral adiposity and fasting glucose levels. Knockout mice did not show any rescue of reproductive dysfunction but did have reduced adiposity compared to the control DHT mice. These data suggest that negative regulation of central insulin signaling by PTP1B is not responsible for peripubertal DHT excess-induced reproductive impairments but may mediate its increased adiposity effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive function in mammals is energetically costly and therefore tightly regulated by nutritional status. To enable this integration of metabolic and reproductive function, information regarding peripheral nutritional status must be relayed centrally to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) neurons that drive reproductive function. The metabolically relevant hormones leptin, insulin and ghrelin have been identified as key mediators of this 'metabolic control of fertility'. However, the neural circuitry through which they act to exert their control over GNRH drive remains incompletely understood. With the advent of Cre-LoxP technology, it has become possible to perform targeted gene-deletion and gene-rescue experiments and thus test the functional requirement and sufficiency, respectively, of discrete hormone-neuron signaling pathways in the metabolic control of reproductive function. This review discusses the findings from these investigations, and attempts to put them in context with what is known from clinical situations and wild-type animal models. What emerges from this discussion is clear evidence that the integration of nutritional signals on reproduction is complex and highly redundant, and therefore, surprisingly difficult to perturb. Consequently, the deletion of individual hormone-neuron signaling pathways often fails to cause reproductive phenotypes, despite strong evidence that the targeted pathway plays a role under normal physiological conditions. Although transgenic studies rarely reveal a critical role for discrete signaling pathways, they nevertheless prove to be a good strategy for identifying whether a targeted pathway is absolutely required, critically involved, sufficient or dispensable in the metabolic control of fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conditionally immortalised human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) represent a robust source of native neural cells to investigate physiological mechanisms in both health and disease. However, in order to recognise the utility of such cells, it is critical to determine whether they retain characteristics of their tissue of origin and generate appropriate neural cell types upon differentiation. To this end, we have characterised the conditionally immortalised, cortically-derived, human NPC line, CTX0E16, investigating the molecular and cellular phenotype of differentiated neurons to determine whether they possess characteristics of cortical glutamatergic neurons. Methods: Differentiated CTX0E16 cells were characterised by assessing expression of several neural fates markers, and examination of developing neuronal morphology. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors, signalling proteins and related proteins were assessed by q- and RT-PCR and complemented by Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology and assessment of ERK signalling in response to neurotransmitter ligand application. Finally, differentiated neurons were assessed for their ability to form putative synapses and to respond to activity-dependent stimulation. Results: Differentiation of CTX0E16 hNPCs predominately resulted in the generation of neurons expressing markers of cortical and glutamatergic (excitatory) fate, and with a typical polarized neuronal morphology. Gene expression analysis confirmed an upregulation in the expression of cortical, glutamatergic and signalling proteins following differentiation. CTX0E16 neurons demonstrated Ca2+ and ERK1/2 responses following exogenous neurotransmitter application, and after 6 weeks displayed spontaneous Ca2+ transients and electrophysiological properties consistent with that of immature neurons. Differentiated CTX0E16 neurons also expressed a range of pre- and post-synaptic proteins that co-localized along distal dendrites, and moreover, displayed structural plasticity in response to modulation of neuronal activity. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the CTX0E16 hNPC line is a robust source of cortical neurons, which display functional properties consistent with a glutamatergic phenotype. Thus CTX0E16 neurons can be used to study cortical cell function, and furthermore, as these neurons express a range of disease-associated genes, they represent an ideal platform with which to investigate neurodevelopmental mechanisms in native human cells in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our main result is a local limit law tor the empirical spectral distribution of the anticommutator of independent Wigner matrices, modeled on the local semicircle law. Our approach is to adapt some techniques from recent papers of Erdös-Yau-Yin. We also use an algebraic description of the law of the anlicommutator of free semicircular variables due to Nica-Speicher, the lineatization trick due to Haagerup-Schultz-Thorbjørnsen in a self-adjointness-preserving variant and the Schwinger-Dyson equation. A by-product ot our work is a relatively simple deterministic version of the local semicircle law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conditionally immortalised human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) represent a robust source of native neural cells to investigate physiological mechanisms in both health and disease. However, in order to recognise the utility of such cells, it is critical to determine whether they retain characteristics of their tissue of origin and generate appropriate neural cell types upon differentiation. To this end, we have characterised the conditionally immortalised, cortically-derived, human NPC line, CTX0E16, investigating the molecular and cellular phenotype of differentiated neurons to determine whether they possess characteristics of cortical glutamatergic neurons. Methods: Differentiated CTX0E16 cells were characterised by assessing expression of several neural fates markers, and examination of developing neuronal morphology. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors, signalling proteins and related proteins were assessed by q- and RT-PCR and complemented by Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology and assessment of ERK signalling in response to neurotransmitter ligand application. Finally, differentiated neurons were assessed for their ability to form putative synapses and to respond to activity-dependent stimulation. Results: Differentiation of CTX0E16 hNPCs predominately resulted in the generation of neurons expressing markers of cortical and glutamatergic (excitatory) fate, and with a typical polarized neuronal morphology. Gene expression analysis confirmed an upregulation in the expression of cortical, glutamatergic and signalling proteins following differentiation. CTX0E16 neurons demonstrated Ca2+ and ERK1/2 responses following exogenous neurotransmitter application, and after 6 weeks displayed spontaneous Ca2+ transients and electrophysiological properties consistent with that of immature neurons. Differentiated CTX0E16 neurons also expressed a range of pre- and post-synaptic proteins that co-localized along distal dendrites, and moreover, displayed structural plasticity in response to modulation of neuronal activity. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the CTX0E16 hNPC line is a robust source of cortical neurons, which display functional properties consistent with a glutamatergic phenotype. Thus CTX0E16 neurons can be used to study cortical cell function, and furthermore, as these neurons express a range of disease-associated genes, they represent an ideal platform with which to investigate neurodevelopmental mechanisms in native human cells in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses problems with using European or Western notions of culture and civilization when they are applied to the historical actions and histories of non-Western or premodern groups of people. Topics include criticisms of historicism and postcolonialism, the ontology used in the field of history, and anthropocentrism.

Abstract: A fundamental result of free probability theory due to Voiculescu and subsequently refined by many authors states that conjugation by independent Haar-distributed random unitary matrices delivers asymptotic freeness. In this paper we exhibit many other systems of random unitary matrices that, when used for conjugation, lead to freeness. We do so by first proving a general result asserting “asymptotic liberation” under quite mild conditions, and then we explain how to specialize these general results in a striking way by exploiting Hadamard matrices. In particular, we recover and generalize results of the second-named author and of Tulino, Caire, Shamai and Verdú. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper traces the recent evolution of North American economic and security relations within the context of broader debates in international political economy (IPE) concerning globalization and its effects on the state in the international system. Borrowing from David Lake's discussion of hierarchical sovereignty, this paper argues that efforts to meld security to economics in an integrated North American market devoid of institutions have made sovereignty more hierarchical. It presents an approach to looking at North American integration, which can assist in understanding recent developments that are suggestive of new areas of research and policy development for both practitioners and theoreticians. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper argues that since the completion of the NAFTA in the early 1990s, there has been too much focus on what governments in Ottawa, Washington, and Mexico City have or have not been doing to deepen North American integration. The NAFTA was an anomaly that obscures the larger history of incrementalism that has shaped North America's political economy. A focus on large, government-led integration projects like the NAFTA as a model for North American integration distracts from an examination of the many connections and processes taking place across borders every day. Security has become fully entrenched as a driving paradigm of North American relations. However, much of the activity in this domain and others is taking place at the bureaucratic, sub-state, and non-state levels rather than via active direction from national leadership. As scholars and analysts of North America, we would do well to move away from the NAFTA as a model for negotiating North America's future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast track procedures have been key institutional mechanisms for U.S. trade policy making for nearly three decades. In April 2008, the U.S. House of Representatives made a small change to rules for considering the U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement that significantly undermined fast track. However, these actions are really the culmination of the erosion of the utility of fast track in managing U.S. trade policy in the context of the challenges brought by increased openness in the global economy. Those challenges were laid bare with the first major bilateral agreement considered under fast track rules, the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement in the late 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is emerging evidence that there are genetic modifiers of iron indices for HFE gene mutation carriers at risk of hereditary hemochromatosis. A random sample, stratified by HFE genotype, of 863 from a cohort of 31 192 people of northern European descent provided blood samples for genotyping of 476 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 44 genes involved in iron metabolism. Single SNP association testing, using linear regression models adjusted for sex, menopause and HFE genotype, was conducted for four continuously distributed outcomes: serum ferritin (log transformed), transferrin saturation, serum transferrin, and serum iron. The SNP rs884409 in CYBRD1 is a novel modifier specific to HFE C282Y homozygotes. Median unadjusted serum ferritin concentration decreased from 1194 μg/l ( N = 27) to 387 μg/l ( N = 16) for male C282Y homozygotes and from 357 μg/l ( N = 42) to 69 μg/l ( N = 12) for females, comparing those with no copies to those with one copy of rs884409. Functional testing of this CYBRD1 promoter polymorphism using a heterologous expression assay resulted in a 30% decrease in basal promoter activity relative to the common genotype ( P = 0·004). This putative genetic modifier of iron overload expression accounts for 11% (95% CI 0·4%, 22·6%) of the variance in serum ferritin levels of C282Y homozygotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a period interpretation for multizeta values (in the function field context) in terms of explicit iterated extensions of tensor powers of Carlitz motives (mixed Carlitz–Tate t-motives). We give examples of combinatorially involved relations that these multizeta values satisfy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article studies the Indiana Law of Professional Responsibility appealed by the Indiana Trial Lawyers Association (ITLA) in 2006 to the Indiana Supreme Court for reconsideration. It notes the decisions of the Supreme Court on several cases involving regulated attorney's fees, judicial misconduct, criminal conduct of lawyers, improper trial strategies used by lawyers and neglect of judiciary on a case.

The article presents scientific experiment which examines an inexpensive device for capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as an alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography. The device was constructed from a student microscope, photomultiplier tube (PMT), PMT base socket, housing, a blue light-emitting diode used to excite fluorescence, a dichroic and long-pass filter, a direct current converter and associated power supplies. The instrument provides sufficient sensitivity to determine the mass of riboflavin present in a nutritional supplement tablet.

Abstract: A method for measuring the concentrations of the five regulated haloacetic acids (HAA5) in drinking water is reported. This method uses ion chromatography to separate HAA5 species, followed by post-column reaction with nicotinamide and detection of the fluorescent products. The result of method detection limit, accuracy, precision, linearity and interference studies are reported. The on-line monitoring method is compared directly to USEPA 552.3 in Memphis drinking water. Though not meant to replace the USEPA 552.3 for compliance monitoring, the proposed method does offer attractive alternatives considering the ease of automation and application of on-line monitoring directly from drinking water distribution systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The so-called new institutional economics (NIE) has generated important insights in a range of fields including transactions cost economics, property rights law, and economic development. However, the majority of the literature in this field has focused on microeconomic institutions and their impact on economic decision making. Very little of it has attempted to apply the lessons of NIE to broader macroeconomic contexts or to international relations generally. The purpose of this article is to try and apply some of the insights of the NIE to recent events in North American economic integration, and suggest how the NIE could be employed to better understand the impact institutional changes to security since September 11, 2001 are having on economic decision-makers and patterns of North American integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A law of large numbers and a central limit theorem are derived for linear statistics of random symmetric matrices whose on-or-above diagonal entries are independent, but neither necessarily identically distributed, nor necessarily all of the same variance. The derivation is based on systematic combinatorial enumeration, study of generating functions, and concentration inequalities of the Poincaré type. Special cases treated, with an explicit evaluation of limiting variances, are generalized Wigner and Wishart matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Let X be a nonsingular projective curve of genus one defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Let D be a divisor of X of degree and let O be a (closed) point of X. As is well known, there exists a unique morphism such that if and only if the divisor is principal. Our main result is a simple explicit description of the map in terms of Wronskians and certain Wronskian-like determinants lacunary in the sense that derivatives of some orders are skipped. Further, for we interpret our main result as a syzygy from classical invariant theory, thus reconciling our work with a circle of ideas treated in two papers by Weil and a recent paper by An, Kim, Marshall, Marshall, McCallum and Perlis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

According to classical and postclassical sources, the early Greek "turannoi" were, by definition,. illegitimate rulers who overturned existing political arrangements and installed rogue monarchic regimes in their place. And on this one fundamental point at least, modern observers of archaic "turannides" seem to have little quarrel with their ancient informants. To this day, it remains axiomatic that Cypselus, Peisistratus, and the rest were autocrats who gained power by usurpation. Whatever their individual accomplishments, they were still, in a word, "tyrants." Relying mostly on evidence from the contemporary literary and material records, the paper questions this time-honored commonplace. Prior to the late sixth century, I contend, there was in fact no absolute distinction between "turannoi" and orthodox leaders in Greek poleis. The former aimed to dominate established oligarchies, not to subvert them. A "turannis" was not yet a species of political regime, illegitimate or otherwise. Rather, it was mainstream oligarchic leadership in its most amplified form, conventional de facto authority writ large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on apriori estimate for arbitrary solutions to the linearized Ricci flow on compact 3-manifolds which may be useful in its study. An important component of Hamilton's program for the Ricci flow on compact 3-manifolds is the classification of singularities which form under the flow for certain initial metrics. Ricci flow uses several techniques, including Harnack inequalities of Li-Yau-Hamilton type, the strong maximum principle for systems, dimension reduction, and the study of the geometry at infinity of noncompact stationary solutions.

The expansion in Schur functions of the product ∏i is well known. It is more or less equivalent to Weyl''s identity for root-systems of type Dn. In this paper we obtain the expansion in Schur functions of the product ∏i0aℓxixj(xiℓ-xjℓ)/(xi-xj)), thus generalizing Weyl''s identity. We obtain this result by systematic calculation in fermionic Fock space. But familiarity with the latter is not a prerequisite for reading this paper. We develop from scratch the modest amount of theory that we need in elementary and purely algebraic fashion, taking pains to integrate the theory with classical symmetric function theory. The tools developed in this paper ought to have many further applications, e.g., to random matrix theory and to computational abelian function theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The notion of determinant groupoid is a natural outgrowth of the theory of the Sato Grassmannian and thus well-known in mathematical physics. We briefly sketch here a version of the theory of determinant groupoids over an artinian local ring, taking pains to put the theory in a simple concrete form suited to number-theoretical applications. We then use the theory to give a simple proof of a reciprocity law for the Contou-Carrère symbol. Finally, we explain how from the latter to recover various classical explicit reciprocity laws on nonsingular complete curves over an algebraically closed field, namely sum-of-residues-equals-zero, Weil reciprocity, and an explicit reciprocity law due to Witt. Needless to say, we have been much influenced by the work of Tate on sum-of-residues-equals-zero and the work of Arbarello-De Concini-Kac on Weil reciprocity. We also build in an essential way on a previous work of the second-named author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faults in complex tectonic environments interact in various ways, including triggered rupture of one fault by another, that may increase seismic hazard in the surrounding region. We model static and dynamic fault interactions between the strike-slip and thrust fault systems in southern California. We find that rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga thrust fault system is unlikely to trigger rupture of the San Andreas or San Jacinto strike-slip faults. However, a large northern San Jacinto fault earthquake could trigger a cascading rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga system, potentially causing a moment magnitude 7.5 to 7.8 earthquake on the edge of the Los Angeles metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abeliant is a polynomial rule which to each n×n by n+2 array with entries in a commutative ring with unit associates an n×n matrix with entries in the same ring. The theory of abeliants, first introduced in an earlier paper of the author, is simplified and extended here. Now let J be the Jacobian of a nonsingular projective algebraic curve defined over an algebraically closed field. With the aid of the theory of abeliants we obtain explicit defining equations for J and its group law. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a study which described a modeling analysis of the geochemical evolution of a contaminated sandy aquifer at a uranium mill tailings site in the western United States. Site characteristics; Field sampling and analytical data; Speciation and solubility modeling.

The article discusses a study on an explicit algebraic representation of the Abel map as defined in Theorem 2.5.1. It provides a brief review of the elements of the theory of algebraic functions of one variable dealing with algebraic curves. It notes that a simple and explicit collection of equations are used as a nonsingular projective curve of genus g and an effective divisor G of positive even degree not less than 4g.

Excess levels of circulating androgens during prenatal or peripubertal development are an important cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with the brain being a key target. Approximately half of the women diagnosed with PCOS also experience metabolic syndrome; common features including obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Although a large amount of clinical and preclinical evidence has confirmed this relationship between androgens and the reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS, the mechanisms by which androgens cause this dysregulation are unknown. Neuron‐specific androgen receptor knockout alleviates some PCOS‐like features in a peripubertal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mouse model, but the specific neuronal populations mediating these effects are undefined. A candidate population is the agouti‐related peptide (AgRP)‐expressing neurons, which are important for both reproductive and metabolic function. We used a well‐characterised peripubertal androgenized mouse model and Cre‐loxP transgenics to investigate whether deleting androgen receptors specifically from AgRP neurons can alleviate the induced reproductive and metabolic dysregulation. Androgen receptors were co‐expressed in 66% of AgRP neurons in control mice, but only in <2% of AgRP neurons in knockout mice. The number of AgRP neurons was not altered by the treatments. Only 20% of androgen receptor knockout mice showed rescue of DHT‐induced androgen‐induced anovulation and acyclicity. Furthermore, androgen receptor knockout did not rescue metabolic dysfunction (body weight, adiposity or glucose and insulin tolerance). While we cannot rule out developmental compensation in our model, these results suggest peripubertal androgen excess does not markedly influence Agrp expression and does not dysregulate reproductive and metabolic function through direct actions of androgens onto AgRP neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infertility associated with insulin resistance is characterised by abnormal hormone secretion by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads. These endocrine tissues can maintain insulin sensitivity even when tissues such as the muscle and liver become insulin‐resistant, resulting in excessive insulin stimulation as hyperinsulinaemia develops. Experiments conducted to determine the role of neuronal insulin signalling in fertility were unable to recapitulate early findings of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in mice lacking insulin receptors throughout the brain. Rather, it was eventually shown that astrocytes critically mediate the effects of insulin on puberty timing and adult reproductive function. However, specific roles for neurones and gonadotrophs have been revealed under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia and by ablation of insulin and leptin receptors. The collective picture is one of multiple insulin‐responsive inputs to gonadotrophin releasing hormone neurones, with astrocytes being the most important player. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lawrie and Margaret had five children, and he is survived by Elizabeth - herself a distinguished hepatologist, Mark, Martine and Christa. GLO:EUW/01nov22:jgh16031-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl More than "Mr. Iron", Lawrie Powell was a Foundation Stone of Asia-Pacific Gastroenterology and Liver disease. Remembering Lawrie Powell 1934-2022. [Extracted from the article]

The article reviews the music release "Wurrurrumi Kun-Borrk: Songs From Western Arnhem Land," by Kevin Djimarr, James Iyuna and Jimmy Djarrbbarali.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs or Batten disease) are a group of inherited, fatal neurodegenerative disorders of childhood. In these disorders, glial (microglial and astrocyte) activation typically occurs early in disease progression and predicts where neuron loss subsequently occurs. We have found that in themost common juvenile form of NCL (CLN3 disease or JNCL) this glial response is less pronounced in both mouse models and human autopsy material, with the morphological transformation of both astrocytes and microglia severely attenuated or delayed. To investigate their properties, we isolated glia and neurons from Cln3-deficient mice and studied their basic biology in culture. Upon stimulation, both Cln3-deficient astrocytes and microglia also showed an attenuated ability to transform morphologically, and an altered protein secretion profile. These defects were more pronounced in astrocytes, including the reduced secretion of a range of neuroprotective factors, mitogens, chemokines and cytokines, in addition to impaired calcium signalling and glutamate clearance. Cln3-deficient neurons also displayed an abnormal organization of their neurites. Most importantly, using a co-culture system, Cln3-deficient astrocytes and microglia had a negative impact on the survival and morphology of both Cln3-deficient and wildtype neurons, but these effects were largely reversed by growing mutant neurons with healthy glia. These data provide evidence that CLN3 disease astrocytes are functionally compromised. Together with microglia, they may play an active role in neuron loss in this disorder and can be considered as potential targets for therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the conceptual and administrative issues in the creation of a shared serials publication pattern database. Components of the model for a shared database; Changes in the focus of academic libraries; Actions and strategies for serials libraries.