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We use DNA sequence data to generate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the weevil tribe Lymantini. These are leaf litter inhabiting beetles generally regarded as restricted to the New World and taxonomically arranged in two subtribes, 11 genera and some 150 named species. An additional genus of questionable affinities to the tribe, Devernodes Grebennikov, 2018, has five described species in Southeastern Asia. All these beetles are flightless and some have eyes reduced in size or absent, traits normally associated with limited dispersal capacity. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of 153 terminals (50 of them belong to Lymantini representing Devernodes and all but three named genera) based on 4,174 bp alignment of one mitochondrial (cox1) and two nuclear fragments (ITS2 and 28S). We find that both Lymantini subtribes Lymantina and Caecossonina are monophyletic, the latter sister to the amphi-Atlantic tribe Anchonini. The Asian genus Devernodes is deeply nested among American Lymantina. The clade of Anchonini plus Lymantini is consistently recovered outside of the CCCMS clade of “higher” weevils (Curculioninae, Conoderinae, Cossoninae, Molytinae and Scolytinae). We hypothesize that the polished head capsule of adult beetles is an apomorphy of Anchonini and Lymantini, the 8-segmented antennal funicle is an apomorphy of Anchonini plus Caecossonina. We attribute the origin of the currently observed amphi-Pacific distribution of Lymantina to normal ecological dispersal facilitated by the warmer periods of the Cenozoic such as the Eocene, and by presently submerged Arctic land bridges. Using parsimony we hypothesize a North American origin for the Anchonini plus Lymantini crown group, as well as that of Lymantina. We argue that Bronchotibia adunatus Poinar & Legalov, 2021, a Dominican amber adult weevil fossil, is not a member of Lymantini and re-classify it as Curculionidae incertae sedis. We present an image gallery of 28 Lymantini specimens to document the morphological diversity of the tribe. We hypothesize the existence of unnamed American genera of Lymantina and make public the DNA-barcode dataset of 89 Lymantini specimens.

In late March 2011, landfast sea ice (hereafter, ‘fast ice’) formed in the northern Larsen B embayment and persisted continuously as multi-year fast ice until January 2022. In the 11 years of fast ice presence, the northern Larsen B glaciers developed extensive mélange areas and formed ice tongues that extended up to 16 km from their 2011 ice fronts. In situ measurements of ice speed on adjacent ice shelf areas spanning 2011 to 2017 show that the fast ice provided significant resistive stress to ice flow. Fast ice breakout began in January 2022, and was closely followed by retreat and break-up of both the glacier mélange and the adjacent ice tongue areas. We investigate the probable triggers for the loss of fast ice and document the initial upstream glacier responses. Our results suggest that the fast ice loss was linked to strong wave action (>1.5 m amplitude) with long period swells (>5 s) that reached the embayment simultaneously with the appearance of rifts in the ice. This coincided with a 12-year low in sea ice concentration in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Remote sensing data in the months following the fast ice break-out reveals an initial ice flow speed increase (up to 333 %), elevation loss (9 to 11 m), and rapid calving of floating and grounded ice for the three main glaciers Crane (11 km), Hektoria (25 km), and Green (18 km).

Toxorhinus amarillo Anderson, new species Figs 1–3, 6–11 http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F121658-4A12-4AFD-9974-99D23AB78801 Description: Length of male (excluding rostrum and pygydium) 7.4 mm, of female 7.5 mm. Matte black except for bright yellow patches of concentrated micropilosity as follows: two broad lines along lateral margins of pronotum in basal 2/3, lines widest at base, tapering apically; in a pair of variably sized spots medially on elytra extended from intervals 1 to 3; ventrally on prosternum in a broad band in front of procoxae; and ventrolaterally on posterior 1/3 of metanepisternum and adjacent area of metasternum (Figs 1–2, 6–8). Rostrum moderately long, straight in male, denticulate dorsally (Fig. 8), in female, longer, more-or-less straight towards base but apically strongly evenly curved (Figs. 6–7); rostrum about as long as length pronotum and elytra combined in male, longer in female, smooth, cylindrical; apical portion wider, dorsoventrally flattened, spatulate (especially so in male) (Fig. 9). Pronotum longer than wide, widest at about midlength; in lateral profile impressed subbasally. Prosternum, metasternum and abdominal ventrites 1–4 shining, impunctate except for some larger punctures laterally on abdominal ventrites, abdominal ventrite 5 directed ventrally, rounded at apex in male, apex produced posteriorly and narrowly subtruncate in female, with large, deep, dense punctures in both sexes; mesosternum with large, widely separated, shallow punctures. Elytra with striae very slightly impressed, indicated by a row of minute, shallow punctures; interstriae impunctate. Prothoracic legs with apical 3/5 of inner margin of tibia with a row of long, fine, wispy golden hairs in male (Fig. 10), such hairs absent in female (Fig. 6); metatibia of both sexes with similar but much denser row of long, fine, wispy, dense, golden hairs along apical 1/3 of inner margin, metatarsomeres 1 and 2 with similarly dense long, fine, wispy, golden hairs almost completely covering dorsal and lateral faces (Figs 3, 11); ventral surface of tarsomere 3 almost completely covered with pad of dense pilosity, dense pilosity limited to a small tuft at extreme apex of each of venter of tarsomeres 1 and 2. Male and female not dissected. Specimens examined: Holotype male, labeled Ecuador: Cotopaxi, Biochoa Otonga, 2000m, -0.413910 - 78.998828, 22 Oct 2001, G. Onore (QCAZ). Paratype female, same data as holotype (CMNC). Additional images were examined as follows (not paratypes): iNaturalist images by Thomas Shahan (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/69696722), male, at San Miguel de los Bancos, Pichincha; Felipe Campos (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/34407827), male, at Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Differential diagnosis: The two previously described species of Toxorhinus are easily identified by their dorsal patterns of micropilosity (Figs 4–5). Toxorhinus amarillo is separated from these two species not only by the patches of bright yellow micropilosity laterally on the pronotum and in a pair of central spots on the elytra but especially by the long, wispy, fine bright golden hairs on the metatarsus and the apical portion of the inner margin of the metatibiae (Figs 3, 11). These hairs on the metathoracic legs are present in both sexes. Etymology: This species is named after the Spanish word for yellow, amarillo, drawing attention to the bright yellow micropilosity and golden hairs that adorn individuals of this species. It should be treated as a noun in apposition. Natural history: Unfortunately, neither of the collected specimens have any information about natural history. Similarly, the iNaturalist photographs do not have any information other than the locality. It is interesting to note that all records of this species are within a 50 km radius. This contrasts with the other two species in the genus, which are more widespread., Published as part of Anderson, Robert S., 2023, A new species of Toxorhinus Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Ecuador, pp. 337-342 in Zootaxa 5270 (2) on pages 338-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7865082

Toxorhinus Lacordaire, 1866 Toxorhinus Lacordaire, 1866: 304. Type species Sitophilus banonii Guérin-Méneville, 1844 by monotypy. Complete synonymy is given in Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999: 65. Diagnosis: Dryophthorinae with scutellum rhomboidal in shape, the greatest width at or near the middle; rostrum extremely long and slender, as long as length of pronotum and elytra combined (or nearly so),male rostrum denticulate dorsally throughout most of length, apical region of rostrum in both sexes expanded, flat, spatulate; mandibles elongate subtriangular, with inner margins parallel-sided and lacking teeth, not or barely touching medially; antenna with club with basal glabrous part with slender, stalk-like base, width at apex 3–4 times width at base; legs long and slender, femora narrow at base, somewhat abruptly clavate towards apex, tibia narrow on all legs, tarsomeres 1 and 2 extremely long, making up most of tarsal length; color pattern on pronotum and elytra composed of concentrated patches of extremely dense micropilosity contrasted with areas lacking such vestiture. Identification: The genus Toxorhinus can be recognized by the long, slender rostrum (about as long as the length of the pronotum and the elytra combined) (Figs 4–6) and the mandibles elongate subtriangular, with the inner margins parallel-sided and lacking teeth, not touching medially. The slender, stalk-like base of the glabrous part of the antennal club (Figs 4–6) is a character state not found in other Dryophthorinae. Anderson (2018) presented a key to Neotropical Litosomini. Diversity: There are two rather widely distributed species of Toxorhinus known, T. banonii (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) (Fig. 4) and T. grallarius (Lacordaire, 1866) (Fig. 5). Both are widespread in South America, north into southern Central America (Anderson 2002). The dorsal patterns of micropilosity are distinctive. Natural history: Little is known about the natural history of species in this genus. A few specimens of T. grallarius have been associated with dead palms in Brazil (Anderson 2018)., Published as part of Anderson, Robert S., 2023, A new species of Toxorhinus Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Ecuador, pp. 337-342 in Zootaxa 5270 (2) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7865082, {"references":["Lacordaire, T. (1866) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 7. Roret, Paris, 620 pp.","Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptive mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de Zoologie. Vol. 7. Insectes. 1829 - 1838. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp.","Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, C. H. C. (1999) A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, S. C. P., Barcelona, 316 pp.","Anderson, R. S. (2018) Stockwellius fasciatus, a new genus and new species of Litosomina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Panama. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72 (2), 301 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 72.2.301","Anderson, R. S. (2002) The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: Checklist with new synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionoidea). Zootaxa, 80 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 80.1.1"]}