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The search for genetic variants associated with ovarian cancer risk has focused on pathways including sex steroid hormones, DNA repair, and cell cycle control. The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes in these pathways, which had been genotyped by Consortium members and a pooled analysis of these data was conducted. Three of the 10 SNPs showed evidence of an association with ovarian cancer at P< or =0.10 in a log-additive model: rs2740574 in CYP3A4 (P=0.011), rs1805386 in LIG4 (P=0.007), and rs3218536 in XRCC2 (P=0.095). Additional genotyping in other OCAC studies was undertaken and only the variant in CYP3A4, rs2740574, continued to show an association in the replication data among homozygous carriers: OR(homozygous(hom))=2.50 (95% CI 0.54-11.57, P=0.24) with 1406 cases and 2827 controls. Overall, in the combined data the odds ratio was 2.81 among carriers of two copies of the minor allele (95% CI 1.20-6.56, P=0.017, p(het) across studies=0.42) with 1969 cases and 3491 controls. There was no association among heterozygous carriers. CYP3A4 encodes a key enzyme in oestrogen metabolism and our finding between rs2740574 and risk of ovarian cancer suggests that this pathway may be involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Additional follow-up is warranted.

In this investigation, a folding table was proposed to optimize space utilization in a workshop. Utilizing computer-aided design (CAD) software, we performed 3D modeling for each structural element and conducted a static table analysis under an established distributed load. Fixed supports were strategically placed at the contact area with the floor. Through computational simulation using the finite element method, a mesh consisting of 390 558 elements and 497 625 nodes was generated with an excellent mesh quality, characterized by a skewness of 0.2234. The analysis revealed a stress of 209.36 MPa, resulting in a safety factor of 1.84 when utilizing ASTM A36 structural steel as the material. To further validate the design, constraints, and displacements were configured, and a kinematic simulation was conducted to showcase the table's range of motion. This comprehensive study confirms the feasibility of the proposed folding table prototype.

Objective: Verbal communication contains key information for mental health assessment. Researchers have linked psychopathology phenomena to certain counterparts in natural language processing. We characterized subtle impairments in the early stages of psychosis, developing new analysis techniques, which led to a comprehensive map associating features of natural language processing with the full range of clinical presentation. Methods: We used natural language processing to assess spontaneous and elicited speech by 60 individuals with at-risk mental states and 73 controls who were screened from 4,500 quota-sampled Portuguese speaking residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Psychotic symptoms were independently assessed with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes. Speech features (e.g., sentiments and semantic coherence), including novel ones, were correlated with psychotic traits (Spearman’s-ρ) and at-risk mental state status (general linear models and machine-learning ensembles). Results: Natural language processing features were informative for classification, presenting a balanced accuracy of 86%. Features such as semantic laminarity (as perseveration), semantic recurrence time (as circumstantiality), and average centrality in word repetition graphs carried the most information and were directly correlated with psychotic symptoms. Grammatical tagging (e.g., use of adjectives) was the most relevant standard measure. Conclusion: Subtle speech impairments can be detected by sensitive methods and can be used in at-risk mental states screening. We have outlined a blueprint for speech-based evaluation, pairing features to standard psychometric items for thought disorder.

Abstract A Pro‐Gly‐typed cyclopeptide, cyclosenegalin A, was firstly isolated from Annona senegalensis and Annona scleroderma. In this study, we reported synthesis the cycloheptapeptide with a combination of solid‐ and solution‐phase synthetic methods. This study also compared the effectiveness of β‐turn inducer type I and II in cyclosenegalin A to facilitate the cyclization process. The synthesis of cyclosenegalin A were prepared using two different sequences of linear peptides for cyclization. First sequence employed β‐turn type I inducer (Ser‐Ala‐Val‐Thr) as turning point and second sequence employed β‐turn type II inducer (Thr‐Pro‐Gly‐Leu). The successful cyclization was obtained using the linear sequence of NH2‐Ala‐Val‐Thr‐Pro‐Gly‐Leu‐Ser‐OH with β‐turn type II. The final product was obtained in 8.2 % yield with PyBOP/DIEA act as coupling agent. The synthetic cyclosenegalin A were characterized with HR‐ToFMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, TOCSY, and ROESY. The synthetic product was also evaluated for its antimicrobial activity.

The activities developed in industrialization processes contribute to the deterioration of the environment. In this context, global organizations generate mitigation alternatives through sustainable strategies. Thus, the main aim is to analyze the impact of manufacturing industry production in Ecuador on the environment caused by the total emissions present in the atmosphere. This research has a quantitative approach and empirical level, and the source of information was a structural survey of companies in 2020 issued by the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The methodological process was developed through the description, correlation of variables, and a multiple regression econometric model to explain the relationship between industrial production, current expenditure, and CO2 emissions. The results show that the manufacturing industry generates two million tons of polluting gases annually because of economic activity and the use of fossil fuels. The activities in which fuels are used are first boilers, then motive power, and finally transportation. This study shows a directly proportional relationship between production, current expenditure, and CO2 emissions, where an increase in production implies a greater generation of emissions and, therefore, more current expenditure. This behavior is driven by the dependence on fossil fuels and industrial use. However, it is important to note that air pollution does not depend solely on these factors.

This study aimed to investigate the innovation activities of exporting companies in the meta-mechanics industry in Ecuador using the Ecuadorian Science, Technology, and Innovation Activities (ACTI) survey database. A total of 219 metal–mechanical companies were selected, and a principal component analysis was conducted to identify the most commonly used innovation activities by exporting companies. Additionally, a logit econometric model was developed to determine the probability of exporting based on the selected innovation activities. The findings of this study indicate that not all innovation activities increase the probability of innovation in the metal-mechanic industry in Ecuador. Specifically, the acquisition of machinery and equipment increases the probability of innovation in the industry. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of the innovation-export relationship in the meta-mechanics industry in Ecuador and has important implications for policymakers and businesses seeking to promote economic development and growth in this sector.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the effects of melatonin associated with bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel on healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. After wound induction, animals were randomly divided into groups GC, GDCC, GDCB, and GDMCB. Animals were evaluated in days 3, 7, and 14 for the following variables: glycemic levels, histopathological and histochemical analyses, healing rate, morphometry and C-reactive protein. Results: There was no change in glycemic levels in the diabetic animals as a result of the treatments; histopathological analyses showed better healing in GDCB and GDMCB groups, as well as histochemistry; at day 14, the highest healing rate was observed in animals from the GDMCB group, reaching almost 100%; morphometry revealed a significant increase of fibroblasts and reduction of macrophages and blood vessels in lesions treated with bacterial cellulose associated or not with melatonin when compared to the other experimental groups. There was also an increase in C-reactive protein in GDCC group at day 14. Conclusion: Bacterial cellulose-based dressings associated with systemic melatonin showed beneficial results in experimentally induced wounds in diabetic rats, favoring the healing process.

The development of advanced thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials with better hot corrosion resistance, phase stability, and residual stresses is an emerging research area in the aerospace industry. In the present study, four kinds of TBCs, namely, single-layer yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), single-layer gadolinium zirconate (GZ), bilayer gadolinium zirconate/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ/GZ), and a multilayer functionally graded coating (FGC) of YSZ and GZ, were deposited on NiCrAlY bond-coated nickel-based superalloy (Inconel 718) substrates using the atmospheric plasma spray technique. The hot corrosion behavior of the coatings was tested by applying a mixture of Na2SO4 and V2O5 onto the surface of TBC, followed by isothermal heat treatment at 1273 K for 50 h. The characterization of the corroded samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to identify physical and chemical changes in the coatings. GIXRD was used to analyze the residual stresses of the coatings. Residual stress in the FGC coating was found to be −15.2 ± 10.6 MPa. The wear resistance of TBCs is studied using a linear reciprocating tribometer, and the results indicate that gadolinium zirconate-based TBCs showed better performance when deposited in bilayer and multilayered functionally graded TBC systems. The wear rate of as-coated FGC coatings was determined to be 2.90 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, which is lower than the conventional YSZ coating.

A temática de interesse deste relato de experiência se justifica pelos materiais didáticos voltados ao ensino de alunos com deficiência visual, sobre uma experiência docente realizada durante a graduação em Matemática, por um discente para alunos de um centro de apoio, ao sul da Bahia, dentre as especificidades da Educação Inclusiva. A questão de pesquisa proposta busca identificar a necessidade da utilização de materiais didáticos inclusivos na Educação Especial. Como objetivo geral, intentamos compreender os aspectos observados por professores da EE sobre os materiais que atendam às necessidades dos estudantes. Metodologicamente, para ratificar as constatações decorrentes da experiência mencionada, realizamos a coleta de dados via questionários, enviados a professores de escolas/institutos e centros de Educação Inclusiva. Para isso, apresentamos a seguinte indagação: ao utilizar material didático inclusivo, que atende às dificuldades do aluno, você percebeu melhorias nas aprendizagens? A análise dos dados qualitativos é realizada por meio de Análise Textual Discursiva, tendo como resultado a categoria ‘Especialização em Educação Inclusiva’, que permitiu a escrita das considerações finais, as quais sinalizam a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento profissional para professores que ensinam em salas de aula inclusivas desde o ensino de graduação, independentemente da área de formação do discente.

Spanish modernist writers on the left of the political spectrum, such as Lorca, Unamuno, and Rafael Alberti, have garnered much critical attention in Anglophone scholarship. In contrast, their peers who embraced parafascist Nationalism and Falangism in the 1920s and 1930s have been largely overlooked. This paper sheds light on three prominent authors on the ultraconservative vanguard, who are nevertheless virtually unknown outside of Spain: Ernesto Giménez Caballero, Ramiro Ledesma Ramos, and José María Pemán. Despite their controversial politics, they significantly influenced the country’s cultural and intellectual history. The study underscores the impact of Falangist and Fascist ideologies on modernist production in Spain during the Second Republic and its aftermath. Unlike politically radical avant-garde movements like Futurism, Spanish right-wing modernism lacked international recognition, adopting an insular aesthetic that glorified the nation’s imperial past and conservative Catholicism. Aligned with the Franco dictatorship, the movement underwent a transformative phase during the Spanish Civil War, shaping the ethnonationalist concerns of these writers. As the historiography of modernism evolves, the paper advocates acknowledging Spain’s far-right avant-garde as a significant cultural force, challenging the prevailing Anglocentric perspective on modernism’s development.

The oceanic island of Malpelo, 380 km west of the Colombian mainland, stands out from other islands of the Tropical Eastern Pacific by its harsh environment and depauperate flora and fauna, thus imposing strong selective pressure on the small number of invertebrates that inhabit it. The endemic taxon described here, Dyscolus (Cacothrix) malpelensis, n. subgen., n. sp. (Carabidae, Platynini), is a remarkable example of adaptation to this unique ecosystem. The modifications of its body shape, including a tight coaptation of elytra and pronotum, might be a response to strong environmental constraints, from predation by lizards and land crabs to the absence of deep soil that forces the beetle to seek shelter in caves and rock crevices.

O artigo propõe uma reflexão preliminar sobre a inclusão escolar, por um lado, a partir da consideração da questão da diversidade cultural no currículo da escola quebequense e, por outro lado, a partir das modalidades de tratamento didático dessa diversidade no ensino das ciências humanas e sociais no ensino primário. O objetivo aqui é estabelecer um esboço de quadro conceitual que possibilite conceber uma certa modelagem do tratamento didático da diversidade no ensino dessa disciplina. Assim, após a apresentação de um breve panorama da evolução histórica da diversidade cultural no Quebec e de sua consideração nos programas de formação da escola quebequense, o texto destaca três visões distintas do tratamento didático da diversidade no ensino das ciências humanas e sociais (a visão “é evidente”, a visão da justaposição e a visão interacionista) oriundas da análise sistemática de situações de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvidas por futuros professores no âmbito de um curso de Didática das ciências humanas e sociais para o ensino primário.

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os pontos de vista de futuros professores relativos às contribuições dos estágios supervisionados (formação prática) no desenvolvimento profissional docente. A partir da articulação teórica entre o conceito de desenvolvimento profissional e as competências profissionais prescritas para a formação de professores no Quebec (Canadá), organizou-se um grupo focal com a participação de futuros professores oriundos de um programa de formação inicial docente para ensino secundário. Por intermédio de uma análise de conteúdo, destacou-se como resultados que a formação prática desempenha um papel essencial, pois promove vivências do real do trabalho docente, permite o aprimoramento das competências pretendidas e possibilita a construção da identidade docente. Neste sentido, o aprofundamento das reflexões em torno do desenvolvimento profissional que requer um acompanhamento adequado dos professores, não somente durante a formação inicial, mas também em contexto de inserção profissional e ao longo da carreira, constitui uma pista importante a ser explorada.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar desde una perspectiva multidimensional la situa­ción actual del transporte público en la ciudad de Ibarra (Ecuador). Se utilizaron datos obte­nidos de la Empresa Pública Movildelnor y del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadística y Censos, además de los obtenidos de una encuesta a 391 usuarios de taxi de la ciudad de Ibarra. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el uso de estadística descriptiva y la aplicación de un modelo econométrico, a fin de estimar las variables que inciden en la frecuencia de uso del servicio. Un resultado importante de este estudio es que existe evidencia estadísticamente significativa, según la cual, en el caso evaluado, ser mujer reduce la probabilidad de uso diario del servicio de transporte en taxi. Ello confirma la brecha entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al acceso a servicios de transporte. Es importante garantizar este acceso que permita reducir la desigual­dad de los grupos vulnerables.

Learning methods in survival analysis have the ability to handle censored observations. The Cox model is a predictive prevalent statistical technique for survival analysis, but its use rests on the strong assumption of hazard proportionality, which can be challenging to verify, particularly when working with non-linearity and high-dimensional data. Therefore, it may be necessary to consider a more flexible and generalizable approach, such as support vector machines. This paper aims to propose a new method, namely wavelet support vector censored regression, and compare the Cox model with traditional support vector regression and traditional support vector regression for censored data models, survival models based on support vector machines. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness of different kernel functions in the support vector censored regression approach to survival data, we conducted a series of simulations with varying number of observations and ratios of censored data. Based on the simulation results, we found that the wavelet support vector censored regression outperformed the other methods in terms of the C-index. The evaluation was performed on simulations, survival benchmarking datasets and in a biomedical real application.

Abstract The quantitative assessment of the carbonate system represents one of the biggest challenges toward the "Sustainable Development Goals" defined by the United Nations in 2015. In this sense, the present study investigated the Spatio-temporal dynamics of the carbonate system and the effects of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena over the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The physical characterization of the site was carried out through data on wind speed and sea surface temperature. Water samples were also collected during the oceanographic cruise onboard the Diadorim R/V (Research Vessel). From these samples, the parameters of absolute and practical salinity, density, pH, total alkalinity, carbonate, calcite, aragonite, bicarbonate dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon dioxide, partial pressure of carbon, calcium, and total boron were obtained. The highest average concentration of bicarbonate in S1 (2018 µmol/kg) seems to contribute to the dissolved inorganic carbon values (2203 µmol/kg). The values of calcite saturation state, aragonite saturation state, and carbonate were higher on the surface of each station (calcite saturation state = 4.80–5.48; aragonite saturation state = 3.10–3.63, and carbonate = 189–216 µmol/kg). The mean values of pH were similar in the day/night samples (7.96/7.97). The whole carbonate system was calculated through thermodynamic modeling with the Marine Chemical Analysis (AQM) program loaded with the results of the following parameters: temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and pH parameters. This manuscript presents original data on the carbonate system and the "acidification" process influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling, which directly depends on the El Niño and La Niña phenomena oscillations in the sea surface temperature.

IntroductionInterpersonal neural synchronization (INS) demands a greater understanding of a brain's influence on others. Therefore, brain synchronization is an even more complex system than intrasubject brain connectivity and must be investigated. There is a need to develop novel methods for statistical inference in this context.MethodsIn this study, motivated by the analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning data, which measure the activity of multiple brains simultaneously, we propose a two-step network estimation: Tabu search local method and global maximization in the selected subgroup [partial conditional directed acyclic graph (DAG) + multiregression dynamic model]. We illustrate this approach in a dataset of two individuals who are playing the violin together.ResultsThis study contributes new tools to the social neuroscience field, which may provide new perspectives about intersubject interactions. Our proposed approach estimates the best probabilistic network representation, in addition to providing access to the time-varying parameters, which may be helpful in understanding the brain-to-brain association of these two players.DiscussionThe illustration of the violin duo highlights the time-evolving changes in the brain activation of an individual influencing the other one through a data-driven analysis. We confirmed that one player was leading the other given the ROI causal relation toward the other player.

This study evaluated the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in agricultural disease recognition, specifically for Botrytis fabae symptoms. An experimental bean culture was used to capture images of healthy and affected leaflets, which were then used to perform binary classification and severity classification tests using several CNN models. The results showed that CNN models achieved high accuracy in binary classification, but performance decreased in severity classification due to the complexity of the task. InceptionResNet and ResNet101 were the models that performed best in this task. The study also utilized the Grad-CAM algorithm to identify the most significant B. fabae symptoms recognized by the CNNs. Overall, these findings can be used to develop a smart farming tool for crop production support and plant pathology research.

Este artigo destina-se apresentar os suportes teóricos e metodológicos na compreensão do puxirão dos caboclos do interior do estado do Paraná, Brasil em meados do século XX. A base interpretativa está pautada na corrente historiográfica denominada nova história cultural a partir de Lynn Hunt, Carlo Ginzburg e Roger Chartier, autores que se dedicam abordar a cultura na História. Destaca-se a micro-história, no sentido de adentrar nas relações entre os sujeitos históricos que praticavam o puxirão, e o diálogo com acontecimentos macro, relacionando as particularidades com as estruturas daquele contexto. Na sequência, a problematização de abordagens acerca da etimologia e dos significados do termo puxirão e suas variantes, descrições e nominações das práticas coletivas, desde os indígenas, registradas durante o período colonial, até as investigações e observações próximas do contexto das organizações coletivas de caboclos no estado do Paraná.

Este artigo parte de um exercício comparativo sobre o 6º ano do ensino fundamental no Brasil (alunos de 11 anos, em média) e o 3º ciclo do ensino fundamental no Quebec (alunos de 11 a 12 anos). Um historiador e um pedagogo fazem uma análise comparativa dos programas curriculares dessas duas realidades. A partir dessa estratégia hermenêutica, colocam-se em discussão os conteúdos disciplinares específicos relacionados ao 6º ano no Brasil, juntamente àqueles do 3º ciclo primário no Quebec. Considerando as tensões disciplinares entre a Educação e a História, este artigo visa examinar a aprendizagem da História nas escolas, principalmente no que tange à construção curricular, ao desenvolvimento de competências e, em particular, do pensamento histórico. Palavras-chave: educação; educação histórica; ensino de história; pensamento histórico.

Resumo Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) são dois dos principais fatores de risco para a mortalidade por COVID-19. Descrever a prevalência e o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de óbito por COVID-19 ocorridos em Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 12 de março e 14 de maio de 2020 entre pacientes que possuíam hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou diabetes mellitus como doenças prévias. Estudo observacional transversal. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: município de procedência, sexo, faixa etária, tempo entre o início dos sinais/sintomas e o óbito, sinais/sintomas, tipo de comorbidades e hábitos de vida. Variáveis categóricas foram descritas por meio de frequências e variáveis contínuas por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados. Dos 1.276 registros incluídos no estudo, 410 apresentavam HAS e/ou DM. A prevalência de HAS foi 26,5% (n=338) e de DM foi 19,7% (n=252). Dos registros, 158 (12,4%) eram de pacientes que possuíam somente HAS, 72 (5,6%) somente DM e 180 (14,1%) apresentavam HAS e DM. Dos indivíduos com HAS, 53,3% apresentavam DM e 71,4% dos diabéticos apresentam HAS. A mediana (em dias) do tempo entre o início dos sinais/sintomas e o desfecho óbito foi 8,0 (IIQ 9,0), sem diferença significativa entre os grupos de comorbidades (p=0,633), sexo (p=0,364) e faixa etária (p=0,111). Observou-se maior prevalência de DM e HAS na população masculina (DM — 61,3% eram homens e 38,9% mulheres; HAS — 53,2% eram homens e 46,8% mulheres). Os sinais/sintomas mais frequentes foram dispneia (74,1%; n=304), tosse (72,2%; n=296), febre (68,5%; n=281) e saturação de O2

Recent developments in artificial intelligence technologies have come to a point where machine learning algorithms can infer mental status based on someone’s photos and texts posted on social media. More than that, these algorithms are able to predict, with a reasonable degree of accuracy, future mental illness. They potentially represent an important advance in mental health care for preventive and early diagnosis initiatives, and for aiding professionals in the follow-up and prognosis of their patients. However, important issues call for major caution in the use of such technologies, namely, privacy and the stigma related to mental disorders. In this paper, we discuss the bioethical implications of using such technologies to diagnose and predict future mental illness, given the current scenario of swiftly growing technologies that analyze human language and the online availability of personal information given by social media. We also suggest future directions to be taken to minimize the misuse of such important technologies.

The development of a country involves directly investing in the education of its citizens. Learning analytics/educational data mining (LA/EDM) allows access to big observational structured/unstructured data captured from educational settings and relies mostly on machine learning algorithms to extract useful information. Support vector regression (SVR) is a supervised statistical learning approach that allows modelling and predicts the performance tendency of students to direct strategic plans for the development of high-quality education. In Brazil, performance can be evaluated at the national level using the average grades of a student on their National High School Exams (ENEMs) based on their socioeconomic information and school records. In this paper, we focus on increasing the computational efficiency of SVR applied to ENEM for online requisitions. The results are based on an analysis of a massive data set composed of more than five million observations, and they also indicate computational learning time savings of more than 90%, as well as providing a prediction of performance that is compatible with traditional modeling.

Objectives Covid-19 databases have detailed information about each affected person in Brazil, but it has flaws in counting the number of cases, which are underreported. We aimed to construct and correct the cases dataset by linking different sources of data observations to study the pandemic evolution in Brazilian municipalities. Approach Using the electronic Unified Health System (e-SUS), a public and governmental database, we calculated the pandemic curves of COVID-19 cases. We applied the following approaches to investigate data anomalies a) to perform a descriptive analysis and compare these results with a non-governmental database using Dynamic Time Warping distance; b) to verify and correct municipalities data anomalies linking to other public governmental database namely National Council of Health Secretaries (CONASS) with e-SUS. c) To apply a K-means DTW Barycenter Averaging in clustering analysis to describe the general behaviors of pandemic in Brazilian Municipalities. Results Around 10% records of cases in the e-SUS public governmental database were underreported. After the linkage and the data updating procedure, the time-dependent clustering analysis presents no anomalies and more interpretable results. The clustering analysis provided eight different behaviors of COVID-19 curves of cases. The degree of intensity for prevalence and incidence rates were identified according to eight clusters from the lowest to highest. Conclusions Using the matching procedure based on Dynamic Time Warping distance to correct the municipalities unreported cases, we provided a richer dataset to support a clustering time dependent analysis to characterize the Pandemic evolution in Brazil. These results may be explored in future deprivation social studies.

Objective Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world. We aimed to create a Social Disparities Index for Covid-19 (SDI-Covid-19) using linked administrative data to understand the role of inequalities in the COVID-19 pandemic to target social and health policies. Approach Using linked administrative data (2010 Census and National Registry of Health Establishments) we selected municipal indicators for three domains: a) Brazilian Deprivation Index; b) % black/brown/indigenous, % people living in housing with density >2 person/room, % poor older people as sociodemographic; c) ICU beds and respirators rates weighted by distance to the health region headquarters as access to health service. A z-score weighted by the population estimated each indicator within the domains. The domains were combined by simple average of the z-scores and classified in quintiles (1-very low to 5-very high). Other methods (TRI, Macharia et al)1 found similar estimative. Results The SDI-COVID-19 estimated for the three moments of the pandemic (before (T0), first (T1) and second peak (T2)) in Brazil showed that municipalities belonging to the North and Northeast regions had worse SDI-Covid-19 compared to municipalities in the Midwest, Southeast, and South regions of the country. More than 97% of the municipalities in the North and Northeast regions had high and very high SDI in the three estimated periods. There was an increase of 46% in the number of municipalities in the Midwest region with high and very high SDI in T1 and 33% in T2 when compared to T0. Otherwise, we observed an increase of municipalities with very low and low SDI in T1 and T2 in the Southeast and South regions Conclusions The deterministic linkage of administrative data allowed to build the SDI-COVID-19. This index identified the most vulnerable municipalities in the North and Northeast regions in contrast of municipalities in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil with lower inequalities during the pandemic. Findings can target policies to those areas.

The analysis of massive databases is a key issue for most applications today and the use of parallel computing techniques is one of the suitable approaches for that. Apache Spark is a widely employed tool within this context, aiming at processing large amounts of data in a distributed way. For the Statistics community, R is one of the preferred tools. Despite its growth in the last years, it still has limitations for processing large volumes of data in single local machines. In general, the data analysis community has difficulty to handle a massive amount of data on local machines, often requiring high-performance computing servers. One way to perform statistical analyzes over massive databases is combining both tools (Spark and R) via the sparklyr package, which allows for an R application to use Spark. This paper presents an analysis of Brazilian public data from the Bolsa Família Programme (BFP—conditional cash transfer), comprising a large data set with 1.26 billion observations. Our goal was to understand how this social program acts in different cities, as well as to identify potentially important variables reflecting its utilization rate. Statistical modeling was performed using random forest to predict the utilization rated of BFP. Variable selection was performed through a recent method based on the importance and interpretation of variables in the random forest model. Among the 89 variables initially considered, the final model presented a high predictive performance capacity with 17 selected variables, as well as indicated high importance of some variables for the observed utilization rate in income, education, job informality, and inactive youth, namely: family income, education, occupation and density of people in the homes. In this work, using a local machine, we highlighted the potential of aggregating Spark and R for analysis of a large database of 111.6 GB. This can serve as proof of concept or reference for other similar works within the Statistics community, as well as our case study can provide important evidence for further analysis of this important social support programme.

We report new records of eight species of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Colombia originated from recent field trips and from museum specimens: Amblygnathus suturalis Putzeys, 1845 (Atlántico), Bembidion chimborazonum Bates, 1891 (Valle del Cauca), Homopterus subcordatus Darlington, 1950 (Caquetá), Hyboptera auxiliadora Erwin, 2004 (Bolívar), Neoaulacoryssus cupripennis (Gory, 1833) (Tolima), Notiobia disparilis Bates, 1878 (Caquetá), Notiobia glabrata Arndt, 1998 (Caquetá), and Trichopselaphus magnificus Ball, 1978 (Valle del Cauca). These records belong to species expected to be found in Colombia, because previous studies have shown their presence in nearby countries, but whose presence in the country was not confirmed so far.

La relación existente entre investigación, desarrollo (I+D) y patentes, ha tomado mayor relevancia en las últimas tres décadas. Sin embargo, las investigaciones a nivel nacional han sido escasas. A través del estudio de la economía del conocimiento y con un ejercicio empírico, se busca medir el efecto de las inversiones en I+D de las industrias ecuatorianas sobre la generación de patentes, con el uso de un modelo logístico con datos de corte transversal para los periodos 2009 y 2014, tomados de la Encuesta Nacional de Actividades de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación del Ecuador (ACTI), publicada por la SENESCYT. Se encuentra evidencia de que en Ecuador las empresas manufactureras que realizan investigación y desarrollo tienen mayor probabilidad de patentar. De igual manera, los resultados sugieren que las empresas con mayor tiempo (antigüedad) en el mercado, conjuntamente con cooperación externa en I+D y el tamaño, influyen en una mayor probabilidad de patentar.

The beetle families Carabidae and Cicindelidae, with about 40 000 species worldwide, play an increasing role in biodiversity conservation and ecological studies in Colombia, which makes a faunistic update all the more necessary. We present and analyze a checklist of the species so far described or registered from Colombia until 2020, based on published studies, and their distribution data at the department level. Carabidae are represented by 625 species and Cicindelidae by 100. Magdalena, Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca are the departments with the highest record numbers of Carabidae, while Cicindelidae are most frequently cited from Valle del Cauca, Antioquia and Meta. The greater sampling effort in these regions is likely due to the accessibility of their natural areas from the main towns. The geographical distribution of Cicindelidae is better documented, with only 17 % of the species without mention of specific localities within the country, against 40 % in Carabidae. Hyper-diverse regions, such as the Chocó and the Amazon, are underrepresented. The number of species currently recorded is therefore estimated to be much lower than true diversity for both families.

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), produções científicas no campo da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) como instrumento da Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionis (SRM) no processo de inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência, bem como contribuir para tese de doutoramento em Educação na Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). A pesquisa foi direcionada por busca booliana através da qual combinaram-se palavras-chave usando os operadores AND, OR, NOT do modo a tornar a tarefa mais eficiente. A busca por termos específicos permitiu mapear diversos matizes, dentre os quais a presença de produções científicas relacionadas com as TIC, TA e SRM nas universidades brasileiras e mais especificamente na UFS. Foram analisadas de forma qualitativa as produções científicas em âmbito nacional e não foi identificada nenhuma produção referente ao corpus de análise sobre a temática, o que parece ser indicativo de que a TA na área educacional ainda está em construção como instrumento em benefício da superação dos processos de negação e exclusão que o aluno com deficiência ainda vivencia na escola. Daí a necessidade de produções sobre esta temática que emerge na sociedade contemporânea.

L’article présente une analyse préliminaire de la documentation scientifique québécoise portant sur l’enseignement des sciences humaines et sociales au primaire publiée après la parution du Rapport de la Commission royale d’enquête sur l’enseignement en 1964. Pour se faire, 83 documents publiés depuis près d’une soixantaine d’années ont été revus par l’entremise d’une analyse thématique mixte de contenu en fonction des questionnements et du cadre conceptuel à la base des travaux de recherche antérieurs réalisés par l’auteur du texte. Il met ainsi en évidence les tendances, perspectives, tensions et points de rupture concernant les fondements et la trame conceptuelle propres au champ de la didactique des sciences humaines et sociales au primaire au Québec. Influencée tantôt par des théories dites personnalistes et celles dites technologiques, tantôt par des théories dites constructivistes (voire socioconstructivistes), l’évolution de ce champ témoigne d’une diversité de conceptions et de points de vue directement liés aux fondements sous-jacents à la pensée de ceux qui collectivement et historiquement la mettent en œuvre.

Hospital waste management is a current sustainability challenge. Although not always performed, the most applied approach in current protocols is the proper segregation of waste. The incineration of hospital waste is an significant source of emission of specific toxic particles and gases. We highlighted dioxins, whose representatives have been considered carcinogenic agents since 1994. Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have shown greater cancer morbidity and mortality associated with dioxin exposure. In the present study, we presented the impact of a hospital waste management program implemented in an oncology institution based on proper segregation and consequent reduction of incinerated mass. Data were collected for 8 years and the waste was separated into five categories: infectious (A4), chemical (B), recyclable (DR), non-recyclable (DNR), and sharps (E). The classes addressed to incineration were A4, B, and E. A team education starting from the admission process and with a continued education program was essential for a successfully implemented program. We achieved a 66% saving of waste from incineration, equivalent to 76 tons, of which 71.9 tons corresponded to recyclable waste. If the waste separation protocol was not implemented, the biohazardous and chemical material would contaminate the rest of the residues, making incineration as a final destination mandatory for all the waste. This scenario would result in significantly more dioxins release and a 64% higher cost of waste management. This low-cost implementation measure was effective in the cost reduction of waste management and minimization of air release of human carcinogens.

Resumen Los estudios de innovación en la actualidad no toman en cuenta o tienden a ignorar la innovación en las empresas públicas (EP) y sus efectos sobre otras organizaciones. Evidencia reciente muestra que las EP no son necesariamente inferiores a sus contrapartes privadas (Kowalski, Büge, Sztajerowska, & Egeland, 2013). Este trabajo investiga por primera vez mediante un estudio empírico los determinantes de la innovación en las EP de Ecuador. Identifica determinantes internos y externos de la innovación y su efecto en la probabilidad de innovación en EP. Además, se incluye la variable cuidado ambiental como determinante interno; esta variable no ha sido analizada en trabajos previos sobre innovación en EP. Los datos utilizados provienen de la encuesta de actividades de ciencia y tecnología e innovación de Ecuador (ACTI) publicada en el 2014. El modelo propuesto se estima mediante una regresión lineal de tipo logit. Los resultados muestran que existen determinantes que tienen efecto positivo sobre la probabilidad de innovación y que son de dos tipos: internos (trabajadores, capacitación, adquisición de tecnología y cuidado ambiental) y externos (gobierno, mediante el programa de apoyo a la gestión de calidad).

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane (CEM) as a urethral reinforcement for urethrovesical anastomosis. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were submitted to urethrovesical anastomosis with or without CEM reinforcement. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C7, CEM7, C14 and CEM14: (C= only anastomosis or CEM = anastomosis + CEM), evaluated after 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. The biointegration and biocompatibility of CEM were evaluated according to stenosis, fistula, urethral wall thickness, urethral epithelium, rate of inflammation and vascularization. Results: Between the two experimental groups, the difference in the number of stenosis or urinary fistula was not statistically significant. The morphometric analysis revealed preservation of urethral lumen, well adhered CEM without extrusion, a controlled inflammatory process and implant vascularization. The urothelium height remained constant over time after CEM reinforcement and the membrane wall was thicker, statistically, after 14 weeks. Conclusion: The absence of extrusion, stenosis or urinary fistula after 14 weeks of urethrovesical anastomosis demonstrates cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane biocompatibility and biointegration with tendency to a thicker wall.

Los escarabajos carábidos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) constituyen una importante porción de la diversidad de la fauna edáfica. Dada su importancia en aspectos como el control natural de plagas y su respuesta como bioindicadores, es importante reconocer los géneros y especies presentes en una determinada localidad, sin embargo, en Colombia su estudio ha sido relativamente pobre. En el presente conjunto de datos se listan los géneros y algunas especies de carábidos, depositados en el Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle. Esta colección cuenta con 355 registros de 38 géneros, de los cuales sólo 10 tienen especímenes identificados a la categoría de especie.

This paper aims to show the importance of the use of financial metrics in decision-making of credit scoring models selection. In order to achieve such, we considered an automatic approval system approach and we carried out a performance analysis of the financial metrics on the theoretical portfolios generated by seven credit scoring models based on main statistical learning techniques. The models were estimated on German Credit dataset and the results were analyzed based on four metrics: total accuracy, error cost, risk adjusted return on capital and Sharpe index. The results show that total accuracy, widely used as a criterion for selecting credit scoring models, is unable to select the most profitable model for the company, indicating the need to incorporate financial metrics into the credit scoring model selection process. Keywords Credit risk; Model’s selection; Statistical learning.

Studies in microbiology have long been mostly restricted to small spatial scales. However, recent technological advances, such as new sequencing methodologies, have ushered an era of large-scale sequencing of environmental DNA data from multiple biomes worldwide. These global datasets can now be used to explore long standing questions of microbial ecology. New methodological approaches and concepts are being developed to study such large-scale patterns in microbial communities, resulting in new perspectives that represent a significant advances for both microbiology and macroecology. Here, we identify and review important conceptual, computational, and methodological challenges and opportunities in microbial macroecology. Specifically, we discuss the challenges of handling and analyzing large amounts of microbiome data to understand taxa distribution and co-occurrence patterns. We also discuss approaches for modeling microbial communities based on environmental data, including information on biological interactions to make full use of available Big Data. Finally, we summarize the methods presented in a general approach aimed to aid microbiologists in addressing fundamental questions in microbial macroecology, including classical propositions (such as “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects”) as well as applied ecological problems, such as those posed by human induced global environmental changes.

The socket plays an important role in prostheses by providing structural integrity and suspension to the distal thigh of an amputee. Heat accumulation and weight of the socket increase the energy consumption in the amputee. To overcome the same, widely used polyester-based sandwich-structured composite was reinforced with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and analyzed for the thermal and mechanical properties. MWCNT added in a small weight proportion with polyester enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites as they have excellent mechanical and physical properties. The flexural and thermal property was evaluated as per ASTM D790 and ISO 22007-2 standard. It was noticed that the thermal property enhances with increase in wt% of MWCNT and mechanical properties decreased when more than 0.6 wt% MWCNT was reinforced. Hence, the sandwich-structured composite was prepared using polyester resin, 2 to 10 stockinette layers, fiberglass cloth, and 0.6 wt% of MWCNT. The thermal conductivity and flexural strength of 0.6 wt% MWCNT-reinforced sandwich-structured composite were enhanced upto 68.4% and 11.4% for 2-10 stockinette layers, respectively, while comparing to the unreinforced polyester sandwich-structured composite. The 0.6 wt% MWCNT-reinforced sandwich-structured composite may help in reducing the weight and heat build up in the socket. Hence, it is recommended to analyze further on their application in transfemoral socket preparation to bring down an amputee’s metabolic cost.

O conhecimento tradicional refere-se ao conhecimento acumulado de práticas, experiências e crenças de grupos ou indivíduos sobre seu ambiente natural. No presente trabalho foi analisado o conhecimento tradicional que os pescadores possuem sobre o comportamento reprodutivo de dez principais espécies de peixes capturadas na região do Maicá, Santarém-Pará. Foram entrevistados 88 pescadores que possuíam dez ou mais anos de experiência de pesca na região, utilizando para isso formulários padronizados e semiestruturados, entre os meses de março e dezembro de 2017. O conhecimento dos pescadores da região do Maicá se mostrou consistente, detalhado e condizente com a literatura científica. Informações descritas e para as quais não foram encontradas referenciais teóricos ou que diferiram da literatura científica, podem gerar hipóteses para futuros estudos científicos locais. Com isso é aconselhável que os gestores dos recursos pesqueiros reconheçam e levem em consideração o Conhecimento tradicional desses pescadores e o incorporem em estudos futuros que possam contribuir na elaboração do plano de manejo e na gestão pesqueira da APA-Maicá após sua regulamentação.

The ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig is one of the most widely grown varieties in the world, however, there are still few studies on the phenology and yield of fig trees, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the phenology and yield aspects of the ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig cultivar in Western Potiguar. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2015 in the didactic orchard of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, UFERSA. The following phenological aspects were analyzed: pruning at the beginning of budding, emergence and maturity of the first fruit, beginning of harvest, length and diameter of branches, number of fruits per branch, length and diameter of fruits, absolute growth rate, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight. We used descriptive statistics; for quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we used regression analysis and means test, through Tukey´s test at 5% probability. Fig trees showed good adaptability to semi-arid regions and precocity when compared to fig trees from temperate regions, in all phenological stages; the studied cultivar showed promising results for cultivation in this region.

The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been plaguing the world for months and the number of cases are growing more rapidly as the days go by. Therefore, finding a way to identify who has the causative virus is impressive, in order to find a way to stop its proliferation. In this paper, a complete and applied study of convolutional support machines will be presented to classify patients infected with COVID-19 using X-ray data and comparing them with traditional convolutional neural network (CNN). Based on the fitted models, it was possible to observe that the convolutional support vector machine with the polynomial kernel (CSVMPol) has a better predictive performance. In addition to the results obtained based on real images, the behavior of the models studied was observed through simulated images, where it was possible to observe the advantages of support vector machine (SVM) models.

Os frutos de figueira apresentam uma vida útil relativamente curta, em virtude de sua frágil estrutura e seu elevado metabolismo, o que exige enormes cuidados em seu armazenamento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os atributos físico-químicos nos diferentes tempos de armazenamento na conservação pós-colheita de figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 (5 tempos de armazenamento: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 dias; e 3 pontos de colheita: 50, 75 e 100% maduros), com quatro repetições e 8 frutos por tratamento. Os figos foram armazenados em câmara fria, em temperatura de 10 ± 2°C e 80-90% de umidade relativa. Estes fatores se mostraram como uma eficiente alternativa para manter a qualidade dos frutos por até 4 dias para as características de massa fresca e vitamina C, enquanto o teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix) teve seus melhores valores aos 16 dias de armazenamento. O estádio de maturação III obteve maior comprimento e diâmetro, bem como menor perda de massa fresca e firmeza dos frutos.

A pesca artesanal realizada na região do Baixo Amazonas é uma atividade de grande importância socioeconômico e cultural, sendo responsável por gerar alimento, emprego e renda para a grande maioria dos usuários e comunitários desta região. Este estudo analisou o perfil socioeconômico e operacional das práticas pesqueiras utilizadas cotidianamente na região do Lago Juá, Santarém, Pará, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de maio de 2015 a junho de 2016, com os pescadores locais. As análises das informações relativas à temática foram agrupadas e analisadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, submetidas à estatística descritiva. Dos 26 pescadores entrevistados, a maioria foi do sexo masculino, com idades variando entre 23 e 67 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto e filiado à Colônia de Pescadores e Pescadoras. A pesca realizada possui caráter tradicional e apresenta características de cunho familiar e relações de vizinhança, com produção artesanal visando à subsistência familiar, como a venda do excedente e o uso de canoas a remo e motorizadas, combinando o emprego de vários apetrechos de pesca para explorar 17 categorias de pescados. Destaca-se o uso da malhadeira e a captura de jaraquis, pacus, tucunarés e aracus. Entretanto, a falta de fiscalização dos órgãos responsáveis e a péssima gestão ambiental por parte dos moradores locais e poder público comprometem a sustentabilidade dos recursos pesqueiros local.