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In the present study, the complete characterization of cDNA and genomic sequences of IL-1B and IL-8, as well as the expression profile of these genes in the South American fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is provided. The full-length pmIL-1B cDNA was composed of 1208 nucleotides that would produce a precursor peptide with 273 amino acid residues. A putative caspase-1 cleavage site, similar to what is found in mammalian IL-1B, was identified producing a mature peptide with a theoretical molecular weight of 17.21 kDa. The pmIL-8 cDNA sequence consisted of 1019 nucleotides which encoded a 95-amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 10.43 kDa that showed all typical CXC chemokine features, including a 20-residue signal peptide and four conserved cysteine residues. Constitutive mRNA expression was detected for both genes in the liver, head kidney, gill, intestine, skin and spleen. After a bacterial challenge, up-regulation was detected for both pmIL-1B and pmIL-8 in the spleen and head kidney at 12 h post-infection. At 24 h post-infection there was a decrease in the expression of both genes, with pmIL-8 showing a significant down-regulation in the liver and head kidney when compared to the control groups. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-23T09:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gmb-2020.pdf: 5279446 bytes, checksum: 80027ff6165479fcf22ece422b63927a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Anthropic actions in rivers and urban lakes are a cause for concern to our ecosystem. The effects on fauna and flora of substances discharged into waterways have become a focus for investigations globally. Biodegradable detergents are widely used in residences and small industries, but little is known regarding the consequences on fish fauna. The objective of the present study was to identify modifications in gill structure in two fish species, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus, after treatment with water obtained from an urban lake and an exposure to 1 ppm diluted biodegradable detergents (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate). Data demonstrated exposure to urban lake produced various alterations in gill functions such as lamellar fusions, aneurysms, mucous, and chlorine cell proliferation, which may be attributed to the presence of detergents in the water but may also be a consequence of synergetic actions of detergents with other pollutants. Results showed that the levels of NO2-, Na, F-, Cl-, and Fe were significantly higher in urban lake water but in the presence of detergents Ni was also detected. Evidence indicates that biodegradable detergents produce damage to gill functions, which subsequently alters the fish physiology and reduces the ability to cope with stress and survival. Fed Univ Western Bahia, Sch Biol & Human Hlth, Barreiras, Brazil EMBRAPA, Genet Dept, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil ICMBio CEPTA, Reprod Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Ribeirao Preto, FORP USP, Morphol Physiol & Basic Pathol Dept, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, Bioengn Dept, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Biol Dept, Rio Claro Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Biol Dept, Rio Claro Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2009/17118-9

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) The systematic knowledge of Simpsonichthys has changed substantially in recent years, with five subgenera having been elevated to the genus category. In view of these taxonomic changes, the aim of the present study was to identify the phylogenetic relationships among this group in order to test a hypothesis of the division of Simpsonichthys. The ATPase 8 and 6 gene sequences of 53 specimens of Simpsonichthys, Xenurolebias, Ophthalmolebias, Spectrolebias and Hypsolebias genera were assessed. The final topology divided the Simpsonichthys subgenera into five clades: clade I (Hypsolebias antenori group and Ophtalmolebias), clade II (Simpsonichtys and Spectrolebias), clade III (Hypsolebias flammeus and H. magnificus groups), clade IV (H. notatus group) and clade V, which included the Xenurolebias genus as a sister group to all the other Simpsonichthys subgenera. Simpsonichthys, Spectrolebias and Hypsolebias could therefor not be described as monophyletic groups, as has been proposed in some hypotheses. The H. antenori, H. notatus and H. magnificus groups, however, were monophyletic. The molecular results also suggested that H. ocellatus belongs to the Hypsolebias flammeus group. The phylogenetic position of H. fasciatus suggested a new group within Hypsolebias, or possibly even a new genus. The characteristics of the Hypsolebias antenori group and their phylogenetic position suggested that only the species of this group should be included in the Hypsolebias genus. The basal position of the Hypsolebias notatus group and its morphological character may represent a new genus. Although the monophyletism of Simpsonichtys could not be recovered, the branches supported the division of the western and eastern clades, possibly due to allopatric speciation. These facts suggest the division of the genus into at least two major clades. In addition, the study of morphological and molecular data is suggested to obtain a better understanding of such complex organisms, and a major taxonomic review is required. [Ponzetto, Josi M.; Parise-Maltempi, Patricia P.; Alves, Anderson L.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Ave 24A,1515 Bela Vista, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil [Ponzetto, Josi M.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolut, Rodovia Washington Luis,Km 235,SP 310, BR-13565905 Sao Paulo, Brazil [Britzke, Ricardo] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morphol, Inst Biociencias, Distrito Rubiao Jr S-N, BR-18618970 Sao Paulo, Brazil [Britzke, Ricardo] Univ Tecn Machala, Fac Ciencias Agr, Lab Acuacultura, Km 4-1-2 Via Machala Pasaje,E583 Machala, El Oro, Ecuador [Nielsen, Dalton T. B.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Biol, Praca Marcelino Monteiro 63, BR-12030010 Sao Paulo, Brazil [Alves, Anderson L.] Embrapa Pesca & Aquicultura, Quadra 104 Sul,Ave 1,34 Conjunto 4, BR-77020020 Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule which is involved in a myriad of biological processes, including immune responses against pathogens such as parasites, virus and bacteria. During the inflammatory processes in vertebrates, NO is produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme in practically all nucleated cells to suppress or kill intracellular pathogens. The aim of the present study was to characterize the full coding region of the iNOS gene of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), an economically and ecologically important South American fish species, and to analyze mRNA expression levels following intraperitoneal infection with the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas dhakensis by means of quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the pacu iNOS transcript is 3237 bp in length, encoding a putative protein composed of 1078 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence showed similarities ranging from 69.03% to 94.34% with other teleost fish and 57.70% with the human iNOS, with all characteristic domains and cofactor binding sites of the enzyme detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the iNOS from the red-bellied piranha, another South American characiform, was the closest related sequence to the pacu iNOS. iNOS transcripts were constitutively detected in the liver, spleen and head kidney, and there was a significant upregulation in the liver and spleen at 12, 24 and 48 h after infection with A. dhakensis. No significant variations were observed in the head kidney during the periods analyzed. These results show that iNOS expression was induced by A. dhakensis infection and suggest that this enzyme may be involved in the response to this bacterium in pacu.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T13:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The species of genus Astyanax is widely distributed in freshwater neotropical zones. Astyanax is considered to be taxonomically confused, similar to other genera placed incertae sedis in Characidae. The cytogenetics of this genus is well characterized; species vary widely in diploid number, from 2n=36 chromosomes in Astyanax schubarti to 2n=50 for most species studied. The size, number, and position of different cytological markers vary among species and populations of Astyanax. We analyzed the karyotypes of individuals from three Astyanax species (Astyanax abramis, Astyanax altiparanae, and Astyanax eigenmanniorum) from populations not previously analyzed. We describe variations in several cytogenetic markers and the karyotypic relationships between them, specifically focusing on the characteristics of the conserved and divergent locations of the ribosomal genes. Our data are useful for establishing relationships between species and for investigating the karyotype evolution within the genus. Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’’ (UNESP) - Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Pesca e Aquicultura (CNPASA), Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’’ (UNESP) - Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84875254410.pdf: 1264913 bytes, checksum: b4128411a38f745f8c324aff921e956e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 The family Loricariidae with 813 nominal species is one of the largest fish families of the world. Hypostominae, its more complex subfamily, was recently divided into five tribes. The tribe Hypostomini is composed of a single genus, Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803, which exhibits the largest karyotypic diversity in the family Loricariidae. With the main objective of contributing to a better understanding of the relationship and the patterns of evolution among the karyotypes of Hypostomus species, cytogenetic studies were conducted in six species of the genus from Brazil and Venezuela. The results show a great chromosome variety with diploid numbers ranging from 2n=68 to 2n=76, with a clear predominance of acrocentric chromosomes. The Ag-NORs are located in terminal position in all species analyzed. Three species have single Ag-NORs (Hypostomus albopunctatus (Regan, 1908), H. prope plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758), and H. prope paulinus (Ihering, 1905)) and three have multiple Ag-NORs (H. ancistroides (Ihering, 1911), H. prope iheringi (Regan, 1908), and H. strigaticeps (Regan, 1908)). In the process of karyotype evolution of the group, the main type of chromosome rearrangements was possibly centric fissions, which may have been facilitated by the putative tetraploid origin of Hypostomus species. The relationship between the karyotype changes and the evolution in the genus is discussed. © Anderson Luis Alves et al. Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura (CNPASA), Palmas, Tocantins Laboratório de Citogenética Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo State Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP Instituto Limnológico Universidad de Oriente Caicara del Orinoco, Estado Bolívar Laboratório de Citogenética Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo State Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000311066300008.pdf: 1175671 bytes, checksum: 2a1ac33195576798d7b74cff123632e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000311066300008.pdf: 1175671 bytes, checksum: 2a1ac33195576798d7b74cff123632e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000311066300008.pdf: 1175671 bytes, checksum: 2a1ac33195576798d7b74cff123632e1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000311066300008.pdf: 1175671 bytes, checksum: 2a1ac33195576798d7b74cff123632e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The family Loricariidae with about 690 species divided into six subfamilies, is one of the world's largest fish families. Cytogenetic studies conducted in the family showed that among 90 species analyzed the diploid number ranges from 2n=38 in Ancistrus sp. to 2n=96 in Hemipsilichthys gobio Luetken, 1874. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to determine the chromosomal localization of the 18S rDNA gene in four suckermouth armoured catfishes: Kronichthys lacerta (Nichols, 1919), Pareiorhaphis splendens (Bizerril, 1995), Liposarcus multiradiatus (Hancock, 1828) and Hypostomus prope plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758). All species analyzed showed one chromosome pair with 18S rDNA sequences, as observed in the previous Ag-NORs analyses. The presence of size and numerical polymorphism was observed and discussed, with proposing a hypothesis of the Ag-NOR evolution in Loricariidae. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Pesca & Aquicultura CNPASA, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Lab Citogenet, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil Univ Oriente, Inst Limnol, Caicara Del Orinoco, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Lab Citogenet, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil

The Neotropics host the most diverse ichthyofauna in the world, with catfish species forming one of the most diverse groups in the region. Nuclear (RAG1) and mitochondrial (ATPase and Cytb) markers were analyzed to identify genetic variability in populations of Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans from the La Plata and Sao Francisco Basins. Bayesian topology identified the division of P. corruscansinto two main clades. One of these clades was formed of samples from the Sao Francisco Basin and the other was formed of samples from the Parana+Paraguay Basins. P. reticulatum was grouped together without any clear geographic or taxonomic patterns in Bayesian topology. While only a few common nuclear haplotypes were widely identified in both species, there was great variability in the mitochondrial sequences. The genetic and geographical distance correlations were tested using the Mantel permutation, which detected no significant relationships.The results of the present study suggest a panmitic population for both species (excluding P. corruscansin the Sao Francisco Basin, which is suggested as a new species), with the greatest diversity concentrated in the region covered by the Pantanal biome, and the lowest diversity in Mogi Guacu, in the Parana Basin. These findings support the establishment of public conservation policies and provide information regarding genetic diversity and population differentiation patterns for these ecological and economically important species.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032013000100004.pdf: 2293400 bytes, checksum: f6718aedc01101422aaab800a2112ead (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032013000100004.pdf: 2293400 bytes, checksum: f6718aedc01101422aaab800a2112ead (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032013000100004.pdf: 2293400 bytes, checksum: f6718aedc01101422aaab800a2112ead (MD5) S1676-06032013000100004.pdf.txt: 24268 bytes, checksum: cf8971e4af1c585b19375f043ede85f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:54:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032013000100004.pdf: 2293400 bytes, checksum: f6718aedc01101422aaab800a2112ead (MD5) S1676-06032013000100004.pdf.txt: 24268 bytes, checksum: cf8971e4af1c585b19375f043ede85f5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:54:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032013000100004.pdf: 2293400 bytes, checksum: f6718aedc01101422aaab800a2112ead (MD5) S1676-06032013000100004.pdf.txt: 24268 bytes, checksum: cf8971e4af1c585b19375f043ede85f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A subfamília Iguanodectinae compreende um grupo de pequenos peixes neotropicais composta de dois gêneros e 11 espécies nominais amplamente distribuídas nas drenagens do Atlântico da América do Sul. Piabucus é o único gênero de Iguanodectinae encontrado na bacia do rio Paraguai, especialmente no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, onde é representada por Piabucus melanostomus. Dada a ampla distribuição e a baixa capacidade de dispersão desta espécie, devido às limitações ecológicas, é possível que características genéticas interessantes possam ser encontradas em diferentes populações. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer os padrões filogeográficos de populações de P. melanostomus utilizando sequências de DNA mitocondrial. Foram amostrados 13 indivíduos de três rios pertencentes ao Pantanal do Mato Grosso. O gene ATP sintetase (subunidades 6 e 8) foi completamente sequenciado, a média da composição de base de nucleotídeos nas sequências foi de 31,2% (T), 30,2% (C), 26,9% (A) e 11,9% (G), não havendo saturação. A análise populacional no programa TCS gerou uma rede com seis haplótipos (A a F), onde o haplótipo ancestral (A) tem uma freqüência de 25% e é composto por indivíduos dos rios Cuiabá e Paraguai. A análise filogenética mostrou a ocorrência de duas linhagens de DNA (1 e 2), a distância observada entre as duas linhagens foi de 0,6%. Os resultados filogenéticos e filogeográficos, bem como os valores negativos de FST para algumas populações, indicam uma possível ocorrência de fluxo de genes entre as populações analisadas. Estes resultados destacam a importância do pulso de inundação existente em zonas úmidas como um veículo que permite uma conexão temporária entre a população isolada, mantendo a variabilidade genética das espécies. The subfamily Iguanodectinae comprises a group of small Neotropical fishes composed by two genera and 11 nominal species widely distributed in the Atlantic drainages of South America. Piabucus is the only genus of Iguanodectinae found in the Paraguay River basin, especially in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State, where it is represented by Piabucus melanostomus. Given the wide distribution and the low dispersion capacity of this species, due the ecological constraints, it is possible that many interesting genetic features could be found in different populations. In this way, the aim of his work was to perform the phylogeographic pattern of P. melanostomus populations using mitochondrial DNA sequences. A total of 13 individuals from three rivers belonging the Mato Grosso wetland were sampled. The ATP sintetase (subunits 6 and 8) gene was completely sequenced, the mean of nucleotide base composition in the sequences was 31.2% (T), 30.2% (C), 26.9% (A) and 11.9% (G), with no gene saturation. The population analysis in the TCS program generated a network with six haplotypes (A to F), where the ancestral haplotype (A) has a frequency of 25% and is composed by individuals from Cuiabá and Paraguay Rivers. The phylogenetic analysis showed the occurrence of two mtDNA lineages (1 and 2), the distance observed between the two lineages was 0.6%. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic results as well as the negative values of Fst for some populations, indicate a possible occurrence of gene flow among the analyzed populations. These results highlights the importance of flood pulse existent on wetland as a vehicle that permits a temporary connection among isolated population maintaining the species genetic variability. UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Biociências Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde II Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Pesca e Aqüicultura UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia

The cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) is a Neotropical freshwater catfish from family Pimelodidae (Siluriformes) native to Brazil. The species is of relative economic importance for local aquaculture production and basic biological information is under development to help boost efforts to domesticate and raise the species in commercial systems. The complete cachara mitochondrial genome was obtained by assembling Illumina RNA-seq data from pooled samples. The full mitogenome was found to be 16,576 bp in length, showing the same basic structure, order, and genetic organization observed in other Pimelodidae, with 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rNA genes, 22 trNAs, and a control region. Observed base composition was 24.63% T, 28.47% C, 31.45% A, and 15.44% G. With the exception of NAD6 and eight tRNAs, all of the observed mitochondrial genes were found to be coded on the H strand. A total of 107 SNPs were identified in P. reticulatum mtDNA, 67 of which were located in coding regions. Of these SNPs, 10 result in amino acid changes. Analysis of the obtained sequence with 94 publicly available full Siluriformes mitogenomes resulted in a phylogenetic tree that generally agreed with available phylogenetic proposals for the order. The first report of the complete Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum mitochondrial genome sequence revealed general gene organization, structure, content, and order similar to most vertebrates. Specific sequence and content features were observed and may have functional attributes which are now available for further investigation.

Indiscriminate disposal of residues of domestic and/or industrial origin in aquatic ecosystems resulting from urban activities causes concern about their effects on the fauna. Substances absorbed by animals, such as those cited above, are metabolized by the liver, as it is the main target organ of several pollutants and also exercises basic vital functions in the organism. For this reason the liver is used as the main and most reliable biomarker in environmental studies. Thus the objective of the present study was to identify hepatic alterations resulting from exposure to water contaminated by a few commercial brands of biodegradable detergents and their effects when present together with several other contaminants found in nature. For such, a solution of 1 ppm of biodegradable detergents and water from an urban lake were tested on two widely distributed native Brazilian fish (Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus). Several alterations were found on the liver, including cytoplasm vacuolization, nuclear displacement, macrophage recruitment and reduced liver glycogen, showing a degenerative process in the liver of the fish, due to the action of contaminants.

The Heptapteridae family is endemic to the Neotropics and is one of the most representative members of the Siluriformes order in small bodies of water. Due the lack of data for clearly distinguishing their species, only recently was elevated from condition of subfamily to family. However, many doubts about certain species remain yet. There are a relatively large number of cytogenetics studies about heptapterids that permits comparative analyses focused in the karyotype evolution of the group. However, the absence of studies about this theme motivated this work. Were analyzed cytogenetically most representative species of the family: Rhamdia, Imparfinis, Pimelodella, Phenacorhamdia, and Taunaya, and compared with available data from the family. The comparative analysis indicated the predominance of biarmed chromosomes and low variation of the diploid number (around 2n = 58) suggesting that centric inversions were more important than centric fissions in the history of heptapterids. It is corroborated by a remarkable number of NOR phenotypes mainly in Imparfinis and Rhamdia species. A probable condition of Heptapteridae plesiomorphic karyotype would be one composed of 2n = 58 chromosomes of types metacentric and submetacentric mainly, with simple NOR at the sub terminal position. The reduction of diploid number, it would possibly through successive events of chromosome fusion with deletions and inversion rearrangements responsible for NOR variation within the certain genus. The occurrence of B chromosomes is from a derived event, possibly of recent origin, without phylogenetic implications.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200005.pdf: 538664 bytes, checksum: e778547629a31695c27307b333925c70 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200005.pdf: 538664 bytes, checksum: e778547629a31695c27307b333925c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200005.pdf: 538664 bytes, checksum: e778547629a31695c27307b333925c70 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200005.pdf.txt: 29774 bytes, checksum: cb85f281bf82d12551bda65a66eb9bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:25:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200005.pdf: 538664 bytes, checksum: e778547629a31695c27307b333925c70 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200005.pdf.txt: 29774 bytes, checksum: cb85f281bf82d12551bda65a66eb9bb5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200005.pdf: 538664 bytes, checksum: e778547629a31695c27307b333925c70 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200005.pdf.txt: 29774 bytes, checksum: cb85f281bf82d12551bda65a66eb9bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The genetic monitoring of interspecific hybrids involves the application of methodologies able to provide an easy and indubitable genetic characterization of both parental and hybrid individuals. In the present work, cytogenetic techniques were used to identify a hybrid lineage of Piaupara in order to caracterize them in relation to the parental species, Leporinus macrocephalus (piauçu) and L. elongatus (piapara). The cytogenetic analysis revealed that L. macrocephalus presented 2n = 54 chromosomes and a nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) at the telomere of the long arm of the submetacentric chromosome pair 2. Analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (C-banding) revealed a conspicuous block at the pericentromeric region on the long arm of a submetacentric chromosome pair. L. elongatus presented the same diploid number, 2n = 54, and a karyotypic formula similar to that of L. macrocephalus. The NORs were also at the telomere of the long arm of the submetacentric pair 2, which was morphologically different from that of L. macrocephalus. Heterochromatic blocks were observed at both telomeres of a submetacentric chromosome pair. The hybrid Piaupara presented the same diploid number (2n = 54) and karyotypic formula as the parental species and there were no visible differences between parental and hybrid individuals. Differently from the Giemsa staining, NOR- and C-banding analysis showed marked differences which allowed the identification of the hybrids by the different morphology and/or size of the chromosomes carrying the NORs and patterns of heterochromatin distribution in their chromosomes. Such genetic studies are important for fish culture since they can provide tools for monitoring natural and artificial hybridization. They are also useful in biological conservation programmes and in the proper management of natural and reared fish stocks. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Parasitologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia

The family Loricariidae, with about 683 species, is one the largest fish families in the world. The subfamily Hypostominae was recently reviewed and is now divided in five tribes. With the main objective of contributing to a better understanding of the relationships of the members of the subfamily Hypostominae, cytogenetic analyses were conducted in seven species (three Hypostomini, three Pterygoplichthini and two Ancistrini) from Brazil and Venezuela. In Pterygoplichthini, all species show 2n = 52 chromosomes. In Hypostomini Hypostomus ancistroides has 2n = 68, H. regani 2n = 72 and Hypostomus goyazensis 2n = 72 chromosomes. In Ancistrini Ancistrus n. sp. 1 has 2n = 39/40 with a sex chromosome system of the type XX/X0, which is a novelty for neotropical fishes, and Ancistrus n. sp. 2 has 2n = 52 chromosomes. Six species have single Ag-NORs and two multiple Ag-NORs. The possible cytogenetic relationships among the species of Hypostominae are discussed.

The family Loricariidae with about 690 species divided into six subfamilies, is one of the world's largest fish families. Recent studies have shown the existence of several problems in the definition of natural groups in the family, which has made the characterization of the subfamilies and even of some genera quite difficult. With the main objective of contributing for a better understanding of the relationships between loricariids, cytogenetic analysis were conducted with two species of Neoplecostominae and nine species of Hypostominae that, according to morphological and molecular data, may belong to a new monophyletic unit. The results obtained showed a marked chromosomal conservation with the presence of 2n = 54 chromosomes and single interstitial Ag-NORs in all species analyzed. Considering that Neoplecostominae is the primitive sister-group of all other loricariids, with exception of Lithogeneinae, this karyotypic structure may represent the primitive condition for the family Loricariidae. The cytogenetic characteristics partaken by the species of Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae analyzed in the present study reinforce the hypothesis that the species of both these subfamilies might belong to a natural group.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:54:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000303289800004.pdf: 1465158 bytes, checksum: 902d6ca7f1dddc05b480427431a95087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000303289800004.pdf: 1465158 bytes, checksum: 902d6ca7f1dddc05b480427431a95087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000303289800004.pdf: 1465158 bytes, checksum: 902d6ca7f1dddc05b480427431a95087 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000303289800004.pdf: 1465158 bytes, checksum: 902d6ca7f1dddc05b480427431a95087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Cytogenetic analyses were accomplished in two populations of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britzki, 2000 and one population of Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882, considered incertae sedis in Characidae family. Two populations of A. altiparanae (Mogi-Guacu and Tiete rivers) presented 2n=50, with the same karyotype formula: 6M+12SM+20ST+12A (FN=88). H. eques from Capivara river presented 2n=52 and karyotype formula 14M+16SM+4ST+18A (FN=86). In each karyotype, the nucleolus organizer regions were detected at the end of the short arm of a single medium-sized subtelocentric chromosome. The Chromomycin A(3) (CMA(3)) marking is coincident for the NORs in chromosomes of the two species and present additionally in two different chromosomes of A. altiparanae thus showing interpopulation differences in this species. In H. eques, weak heterochromatic blocks in the position of centromeres and telomeres of most chromosomes and negative C-banding for the NOR bearing chromosome were visualized. The obtained results contribute both to the understanding of karyotype evolution of these species and to the clarifying their phylogenetic relationships. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Lab Biol Genet Peixes, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Morfol, Lab Biol Genet Peixes, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 140644/2005-9

Loricariidae is one of the largest fish families of the world, with about 650 species separated into six subfamilies. To date, cytogenetic data on only 56 species of this family are available. In t...

Cytogenetic analysis in 2 populations of Astyanax scabripinnis from Sao Domingos and Tamboara streams, affluents of the Ivai river basin, was carried out. Both populations presented same diploid of 2n=48 chromosomes, although they might be differentiated by karyotypic formulae (10M, 20SM, 8ST, 10A and 10M, 24SM, 6ST, 8A, respectively) and number of nucleolar organizer chromosomes (3 and 7 NORs, respectively). Besides the population from Sao Domingos showed 1 metacentric B microchromosome restricted to females. Low frequency of this B microchromosome suggests a recent origin in populations of Astyanax scabripinnis and its adaptive function remains unknown. Aspects related to karyotype diversity of this "species complex" are discussed, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the diversity and speciation on the group.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:14:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0717-95022014000300005.pdf: 340006 bytes, checksum: 0aa13e2be82dfa05e2ae1b91b6338103 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Currently there is a growing concern, in both population and governments, to identify the effects of substances commonly disposed of into rivers and lakes, on aquatic fauna and flora. Thus the objective of the present study was to verify effects of biodegradable detergents and water from an urban lake on gills and liver of two neotropical fish species of great economic importance, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus. In order to do so, lipofuscin, also called the ageing pigment, was used as bioindicator. After one and five months of experiment both tissues accumulated this pigment. These data are discussed from physiological points of view, related with lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage. Existe una preocupación creciente de la población y los gobiernos para identificar los efectos de substancias comúnmente arrojadas en ríos y lagos, sobre la fauna y flora acuática. El objetivo fue verificar los efectos de detergentes biodegradables y agua de un lago urbano sobre las branquias e hígado de dos especies de peces neo-tropicales de gran importancia económica, Astyanax altiparanae y Prochilodus lineatus. Analizamos los pigmentos de lipofuscina, también llamado pigmento de envejecimiento, el que fue utilizado como biomarcador. Después de uno y cinco meses de experimento, ambos tejidos acumulados con el pigmento fueron analizados. Los datos fueron discutidos desde el punto de vista fisiológico, relacionado con la peroxidación lipídica y daño mitocondrial. Univ Fed Oeste Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil EMBRAPA, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil ICMBio CEPTA, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Odontol Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2009/17118-9

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:57Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:44:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33750726429.pdf: 136054 bytes, checksum: 6e3b51e1a8fbeef6379644f130d1ace2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-01 The karyotype of a fish species belonging to the family Scoloplacidae, Scoloplax distolothrix, is described for the first time. Cytogenetic studies showed that this species has 2n=50 chromosomes, 18 metacentrics, 18 submetacentrics, 10 subtelocentrics and 4 acrocentrics. The Ag-NORs are restricted to a single large metacentric pair in the interstitial position on the long arm. © 2006 The Japan Mendel Society. Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo

In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of populations identified as Hypostomus strigaticeps from the upper Paraná River basin were conducted in order to test whether these different populations comprises cryptic species or structured populations and to assess their genetic variability. The sequences of the mitochondrial DNA ATP sintetase (subunits 6/8) of 27 specimens from 10 populations (one from Mogi-Guaçu River, five from Paranapanema River, three from Tietê River and one from Peixe River) were analyzed. The phylogeographic analysis showed the existence of eight haplotypes (A-H), and despite the ancestral haplotype includes only individuals from the Tietê River basin, the distribution of H. strigaticeps was not restricted to this basin. Haplotypes A, B and F were the most frequent. Haplotypes D, E, F, G, and H were present in the sub-basin of Paranapanema, two (A and B) were present in the sub-basin of the Tietê River, one (C) was exclusively distributed in the sub-basin of the Peixe River, and one (B) was also present in the sub-basin of the Grande River. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the populations of H. strigaticeps indeed form a monophyletic unit comprising two lineages: TG, with representatives from the Tietê, Mogi-Guaçu and Peixe Rivers; and PP, with specimens from the Paranapanema River. The observed degree of genetic divergence within the TG and PP lineages was 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively, whereas the genetic divergence between the two lineages themselves was approximately 1%. The results of the phylogenetic analysis do not support the hypothesis of existence of crypt species and the phylogeographic analysis confirm the presence of H. strigaticeps in other sub-basins of the upper Paraná River: Grande, Peixe, and Paranapanema sub-basins, The authors are grateful to Alessandro G. Bifi, Fábio F. Roxo, and Renato Devidé by helping to collect fishes in the fieldworks; to Cristiane Marcia Mileo and Edson Lourenço da Silva to image editing; to Bioedit® by helping with the English language; to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support (process number: 07/58641-0). Nupélia provide logistic support, Sí

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:45:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0074-02762010000600006.pdf: 1449365 bytes, checksum: 9ec5bced022639a0d181870654ca744a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0074-02762010000600006.pdf: 1449365 bytes, checksum: 9ec5bced022639a0d181870654ca744a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762010000600006.pdf: 1449365 bytes, checksum: 9ec5bced022639a0d181870654ca744a (MD5) S0074-02762010000600006.pdf.txt: 39218 bytes, checksum: a0397d9c3f5b91a48a461be00aec9781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:54:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762010000600006.pdf: 1449365 bytes, checksum: 9ec5bced022639a0d181870654ca744a (MD5) S0074-02762010000600006.pdf.txt: 39218 bytes, checksum: a0397d9c3f5b91a48a461be00aec9781 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0074-02762010000600006.pdf: 1449365 bytes, checksum: 9ec5bced022639a0d181870654ca744a (MD5) S0074-02762010000600006.pdf.txt: 39218 bytes, checksum: a0397d9c3f5b91a48a461be00aec9781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) CEPTA/ICMBio Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This paper presents the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of the gill filaments in Brycon hilarii from the Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 216 B. hilariispecimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed a total of 1,527 bp. The Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and females. The importance of the infection to the farming of the host species is emphasized. Universidade do Porto Universidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Departamento de Ciências Básicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Biologia Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Biologia FAPESP: 06/59075-6

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200014.pdf: 93013 bytes, checksum: eaa6f645d1deb8e8e22a7138474c8841 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572008000200014.pdf: 93013 bytes, checksum: eaa6f645d1deb8e8e22a7138474c8841 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200014.pdf: 93013 bytes, checksum: eaa6f645d1deb8e8e22a7138474c8841 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200014.pdf.txt: 12112 bytes, checksum: 072006ce77a51209f3042c0831963e73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:25:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200014.pdf: 93013 bytes, checksum: eaa6f645d1deb8e8e22a7138474c8841 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200014.pdf.txt: 12112 bytes, checksum: 072006ce77a51209f3042c0831963e73 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1415-47572008000200014.pdf: 93013 bytes, checksum: eaa6f645d1deb8e8e22a7138474c8841 (MD5) S1415-47572008000200014.pdf.txt: 12112 bytes, checksum: 072006ce77a51209f3042c0831963e73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Cytogenetic analyses carried out in eight specimens of Sphoeroides spengleri revealed the presence of 2n = 46 chromosomes (20 M/SM and 26 ST/A). Besides the standard karyotypical set, the presence of B microchromosomes was observed in two individuals, ranging from 0 to 2 microchromosomes per cell. A karyotype composed by 2n = 46 chromosomes with occurrence of M and SM chromosomes is considered basal for the species from the clade comprising the families Tetraodontidae, Balistidae, and Diodontidae, although it represents a derived condition for the order Tetraodontiformes, whose basal karyotype would be composed by 2n = 48 acrocentric chromosomes. The occurrence of B microchromosomes in marine Tetraodontiformes fish was not known, and this represents the first report of such a chromosomal type. Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Parasitologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Morfologia

Currently there is a growing concern, in both population and governments, to identify the effects of substances commonly disposed of into rivers and lakes, on aquatic fauna and flora. Thus the objective of the present study was to verify effects of biodegradable detergents and water from an urban lake on gills and liver of two neotropical fish species of great economic importance, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus. In order to do so, lipofuscin, also called the ageing pigment, was used as bioindicator. After one and five months of experiment both tissues accumulated this pigment. These data are discussed from physiological points of view, related with lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage.

In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of populations identified as Hypostomus strigaticeps from the upper Paraná River basin were conducted in order to test whether these different populations comprises cryptic species or structured populations and to assess their genetic variability. The sequences of the mitochondrial DNA ATP sintetase (subunits 6/8) of 27 specimens from 10 populations (one from Mogi-Guaçu River, five from Paranapanema River, three from Tietê River and one from Peixe River) were analyzed. The phylogeographic analysis showed the existence of eight haplotypes (A-H), and despite the ancestral haplotype includes only individuals from the Tietê River basin, the distribution of H. strigaticeps was not restricted to this basin. Haplotypes A, B and F were the most frequent. Haplotypes D, E, F, G, and H were present in the sub-basin of Paranapanema, two (A and B) were present in the sub-basin of the Tietê River, one (C) was exclusively distributed in the sub-basin of the Peixe River, and one (B) was also present in the sub-basin of the Grande River. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the populations of H. strigaticeps indeed form a monophyletic unit comprising two lineages: TG, with representatives from the Tietê, Mogi-Guaçu and Peixe Rivers; and PP, with specimens from the Paranapanema River. The observed degree of genetic divergence within the TG and PP lineages was 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively, whereas the genetic divergence between the two lineages themselves was approximately 1%. The results of the phylogenetic analysis do not support the hypothesis of existence of crypt species and the phylogeographic analysis confirm the presence of H. strigaticeps in other sub-basins of the upper Paraná River: Grande, Peixe, and Paranapanema sub-basins.

Atualmente, as coleções de DNA ou de tecidos biológicos, tais como nadadeiras, sangue e músculo, são comuns nos principais Museus de História Natural ou de Zoologia nos EUA e Europa. No Brasil, está é uma atividade recente, sobretudo em coleções ictiológicas. A dificuldade em se obter a identificação precisa das espécies de peixes Neotropicais vem motivando as coleções e museus a manter além de peixes fixados em formol, tubos com amostras de tecidos para análise de DNA. Estes bancos ainda tem a função de identificar a diversidade genética de populações naturais, visando a conservação de recurso genético e direcionamento do uso destes recursos em sistemas de produção. Com isso, a formação de um banco de amostras de DNA na Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura tem por objetivo, identificar taxonomicamente as espécies com potencial zootécnico e auxiliar na conservação das espécies nativas da bacia Araguaia-Tocantins. A domesticação de espécies de peixes para o cultivo em sistemas de produção é uma das formas mais importantes de exploração da biodiversidade. Entretanto, estudos mostraram que apenas 36 espécies de peixes amazônicos são exploradas comercialmente, seja para produção ou como ornamentais, entre eles os mais conhecidos são o tambaqui, matrinchã, pirapitinga, pirarucu, piau, curimatã, surubins, oscar, neons e arraias, e ainda assim, com alguns problemas de identificação taxonômica. O presente trabalho apresenta a coleção de amostras de tecidos e de DNA extraído de peixes amazônicos, da bacia dos rios Araguaia-Tocantins, que possui atualmente 1180 indivíduos amostrados, pertencentes a 68 espécies de 54 gêneros, 22 famílias e 6 ordens. Embora o banco de amostras de DNA esteja em fase de implantação, tendo sido criado em junho de 2012, os números são expressivos e reflete o enorme potencial da atividade em termos de conservação de recursos genéticos voltados a produção e podem servir de base para programas de identificação de espécies.

The subfamily Iguanodectinae comprises a group of small Neotropical fishes composed by two genera and 11 nominal species widely distributed in the Atlantic drainages of South America. Piabucus is the only genus of Iguanodectinae found in the Paraguay River basin, especially in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State, where it is represented by Piabucus melanostomus. Given the wide distribution and the low dispersion capacity of this species, due the ecological constraints, it is possible that many interesting genetic features could be found in different populations. In this way, the aim of his work was to perform the phylogeographic pattern of P. melanostomus populations using mitochondrial DNA sequences. A total of 13 individuals from three rivers belonging the Mato Grosso wetland were sampled. The ATP sintetase (subunits 6 and 8) gene was completely sequenced, the mean of nucleotide base composition in the sequences was 31.2% (T), 30.2% (C), 26.9% (A) and 11.9% (G), with no gene saturation. The population analysis in the TCS program generated a network with six haplotypes (A to F), where the ancestral haplotype (A) has a frequency of 25% and is composed by individuals from Cuiabá and Paraguay Rivers. The phylogenetic analysis showed the occurrence of two mtDNA lineages (1 and 2), the distance observed between the two lineages was 0.6%. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic results as well as the negative values of Fst for some populations, indicate a possible occurrence of gene flow among the analyzed populations. These results highlights the importance of flood pulse existent on wetland as a vehicle that permits a temporary connection among isolated population maintaining the species genetic variability. Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-21T22:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Piabucus.pdf: 2462174 bytes, checksum: c4b68c71495c88e66444c27c866c058c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-07

O Rio Caiapó pertence à bacia Araguaia-Tocantins, sendo um dos afluentes da margem direita do Rio Araguaia, que embora não esteja diretamente ligada ao rio Amazonas, tem uma contribuição muito significativa com a maior ictiofauna de peixes de água doce do mundo. Esforços urgentes ainda necessitam ser direcionados para conhecer toda a biodiversidade contida neste ambiente, pois muitas espécies ainda são desconhecidas, mas já estão sendo extintas devido às impactantes ações antrópicas, como por exemplo, a construção de usinas hidrelétricas. Além disso, a identificação e prospecção dos peixes de água doce são necessárias para conhecer possíveis espécies que tenham potencial para produção. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo inventariar a ictiofauna dos peixes em um canal de irrigação que utiliza as águas do Rio Caiapó (município de Caseara), em uma região localizada próxima a uma área de preservação, o Parque Estadual do Cantão, criado pelo governo do Estado do Tocantins. Os resultados das coletas mostraram uma composição de 129 indivíduos, que correspondem a 29 espécies, distribuídos em 26 gêneros, 13 famílias e 4 ordens. Characidae foi à família mais diversa, seguida por Cichlidae e Prochilodontidae. Em geral, estudos da ictiofauna da bacia do Araguaia apontam uma alta diversidade de espécies, e similarmente a estudos de ictiofauna realizados anteriormente no Parque Estadual do Cantão, os resultados do presente estudo indicaram a presença de uma alta diversidade de espécies de peixes presente em um canal de irrigação.

O filo Myxozoa possui uma grande diversidade, sendo conhecidas cerca de 2300 espécies, as quais infectam principalmente peixes, mas também anfíbios répteis e aves. Para este estudo, coletas dos peixes de água doce foram realizadas no Pantanal Mato-grossense (estados de Mato Grosso e do Matogrosso do sul) e no Rio Mogi Guaçu e piscicultura do CEPTA/ICMBio (estado de São Paulo), visando estudos moleculares e morfológicos de mixosporídeos parasitas de 6 espécies de peixes. Os resultados das análises moleculares (amplificação e sequenciamento do gene 18S rDNA) e morfológicas revelaram a ocorrência de 11 espécies de mixosporídeos, sendo cinco parasitas comuns a Pseudoplatystoma corruscans e Pseudplatystoma fasciatum, três parasitas de Salminus brasiliensis, uma espécie parasita de Brycon hilarii, uma de Zungaru jahu e outra de Piaractus mesopotamicus. Das onze espécies, cinco ainda não são descritas pela literatura. A análise filogenética, utilizando o método de Neighbor-Joining, mostrou que o agrupamento das espécies ocorre principalmente de acordo com a proximidade filogenética de seus hospedeiros e que todas as espécies da América do Sul agruparam em um clado monofilético. Foi observado, em alguns pontos da árvore filogenética, que o tropismo de tecido e/ou órgão de infecção caracteriza um importante fator de seleção evolutiva. Com menor frequência também foi observado alguns agrupamentos resultantes de parasitas cuja maior relação aparente era a sua localização geográfica, porém, novos estudos ainda são necessários para determinar o verdadeiro papel deste fator na evolução dos mixosporídeos. The phylum Myxozoa has a great diversity, with about 2300 known species, which infect mainly fishes, but also amphibians, reptiles and birds. In this study, freshwater fishes were caught in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states) and in the Mogi Guaçu River and CEPTA/ICMBio\'s fishfarm (São Paulo state) aiming the molecular and morphological studies of myxosporeans parasites of 6 fish species. The results of molecular (amplification and sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene) and morphological analysis revealed the occurrence of 11 species of myxosporeans, five of them infecting both Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, three parasites of Salminus brasiliensis, one specie infecting Brycon hilarii, one infecting Zungaro jahu and another infecting Piaractus mesopotamicus. Of these eleven species, five are not yet described by literature. The phylogenetic analysis, using the Neighbor-joining method, showed that the species clustered mainly according to the phylogenetic distance of their hosts and that all species of South America were grouped in a monophyletic clade. In some positions of the phylogenetic tree was observed that tissue tropism and/or organ of infection characterized an important factor in evolutionary selection. Less frequently was also observed some groups containing species which the major apparent relation is its geographical position, however, new studies are still needed to determine the true role of this factor in the evolution of myxosporeans.

The Neotropical freshwater ichthyofauna comprises a rich diversity of fish. The taxonomic, ecological and economical are needed for identification and conservation of this species Neoplecostomus and other fish species. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of eight populations of the genus Neoplecostomus of taxonomic status is not defined and compared with a population of species already described as Neoplecostomus corumba. For this we used the technique of isoenzyme electrophoresis in starch gel for the analysis of six (G3pdh, GPI, LDH, IDH, MDH and PGM) enzyme systems. Were observed in 10 loci and 24 alleles, four alleles were unique, two present in the population of Cachoeira (Gpi-B (b) and Idh (b)) and other populations of Taquari (Gpi-A (e)) and of Espraiado (Gpi-A (a)). All populations showed polymorphic loci, except the population of Casca D'Antas. The average number of alleles per locus to ranged from 1.8-1.0. The average of the index FIS (0.5621) and FIT (0.8716) indicated the homozygote excess and the value of FST = 0.7067 indicated that the populations are genetically too different from each other. Nei's Genetic Identities and genetic distances estimated demonstrate that some of them are enough different to be considered distinct species. UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated that the populations are grouped into three sets, Cachoeira+N.corumba+Espraiado, Piranguçu+Jaguari+Monjolinho+Casca D'Antas, and Carandaí+Tamborete. We conclude that the methods used were effective for differentiation of populations reflecting a strong indication of the presence of at least two different Neoplecostomus corumba among the regions analyzed the upper of the Paraná River basin. A Ictiofauna Neotropical de água doce compreende uma rica diversidade de peixes. Os estudos taxonômicos, econômicos e ecológicos são necessários para identificação e conservação de Neoplecostomus e demais espécies desta ictiofauna. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade genética de oito populações do gênero Neoplecostomus, de status taxonômico, ainda não definido e comparar com uma espécie já descrita, como Neoplecostomus corumba. Para isso, utilizou-se da técnica de eletroforese de isoenzimas em gel de amido para a análise de seis sistemas enzimáticos (G3PDH, GPI, LDH, IDH, MDH e PGM). Foram detectados 10 loci enzimáticos e 24 alelos, sendo que, quatro alelos foram exclusivos, dois presentes na população de Cachoeira (Gpi-B(b) e Idh(b)) e os demais nas populações de Taquari (Gpi-A (e)) e na de Espraiado (Gpi-A (a)). Todas as populações apresentaram loci polimórficos, com exceção da população de Casca D'Antas. O número médio de alelos por locus variou entre 1,8-1,0. O valor médio do índice FIS (0, 5621) e de FIT (0, 8716) demonstraram excesso de homozigotos e o valor de FST = 0,7067 indicou que as populações são geneticamente diferenciadas uma das outras. As identidades e as distâncias genéticas de Nei calculadas demonstraram que algumas são um tanto diferentes, podendo ser consideradas espécies distintas. O dendograma de UPGMA construído demonstrou que as populações ficaram agrupadas em três conjuntos: Cachoeira+N.corumba+Espraiado, Piranguçu+Jaguari+Monjolinho+Casca D'Antas, e Carandaí+Tamborete. Concluímos, portanto, que os métodos utilizados foram eficazes para diferenciação das populações, refletindo um forte indicativo da presença de, pelo menos, duas espécies diferentes de Neoplecostomus corumba dentre as regiões analisadas do alto da bacia do Rio Paraná. vii, 50 f