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Resumo As diferenças de habilidades entre graduados compõem a explicação chave das abordagens meritocráticas para os resultados desiguais observados no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, utilizamos dados do Enade (2009-2011) e da Rais (2013-2015) para analisar em que medida dimensões qualitativas da educação superior, incluindo a qualidade da formação, têm capacidades distintas de estruturar o emprego formal e os salários quatro anos após a graduação. O principal resultado indica a relevância das habilidades mensuradas para o destino ocupacional dos graduados, mas também que a dicotomia entre o emprego formal-informal não se aplica aos estratos superiores da força de trabalho: os graduados com origem social privilegiada e elevada qualificação profissional em áreas tecnicamente intensivas tendem a permanecer fora do emprego formal após a graduação, o que parece agravado por condições de deterioração do emprego em ocupações de nível superior. Embora as habilidades importem para a transição entre educação superior e mercado de trabalho, encontramos evidências de persistência de processos de reprodução social e fechamento social por diploma.

Abstract Objective In Brazil, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Data on the profile of women and risk factors associated with PPH are sparse. This study aimed to describe the profile and management of patients with PPH, and the association of risk factors for PPH with severe maternal outcomes (SMO). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2012 and March 2020, including patients who gave birth at the hospital and that were admitted with PPH to the ICU. Results The study included 358 patients, of whom 245 (68.4%) delivered in the IMIP maternity, and 113 (31.6%) in other maternity. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years, with up to eight years of education (46.1%) and a mean of six prenatal care. Uterine atony (72.9%) was the most common cause, 1.6% estimated blood loss, 2% calculated shock index (SI), 63.9% of patients received hemotransfusion, and 27% underwent hysterectomy. 136 cases of SMO were identified, 35.5% were classified as maternal near miss and 3.0% maternal deaths. Multiparity was associated with SMO as an antepartum risk factor (RR=1.83, 95% CI1.42-2.36). Regarding intrapartum risk factors, abruptio placentae abruption was associated with SMO (RR=2.2 95% CI1.75-2.81). Among those who had hypertension (49.6%) there was a lower risk of developing SMO. Conclusion The principal factors associated with poor maternal outcome were being multiparous and placental abruption.

Abstract Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries; however, the majority of these deaths could be avoided with adequate obstetric care. Analyzing severe maternal outcomes (SMO) has been a major approach for evaluating the quality of the obstetric care provided, since the morbid events that lead to maternal death generally occur in sequence. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical profile, management, maternal outcomes and factors associated with SMO in women who developed PPH and were admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) in northeastern Brazil. Methods This retrospective cohort study included a non-probabilistic, consecutive sample of postpartum women with a diagnosis of PPH who were admitted to the obstetric ICU of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) between January 2012 and March 2020. Sociodemographic, biological and obstetric characteristics and data regarding childbirth, the management of PPH and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The frequency of maternal near miss (MNM) and death was calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the adjusted odd ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for a SMO. Results Overall, 136 cases of SMO were identified (37.9%), with 125 cases of MNM (34.9%) and 11 cases of maternal death (3.0%). The factors that remained associated with an SMO following multivariate analysis were gestational age ≤ 34 weeks (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12–3.64; p

AimIdentify factors associated with COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death among hospitalized cases in Portugal, and variations from the first to the second wave in Portugal, March–December 2020.IntroductionDeterminants of ICU admission and death for COVID-19 need further understanding and may change over time. We used hospital discharge data (ICD-10 diagnosis-related groups) to identify factors associated with COVID-19 outcomes in two epidemic periods with different hospital burdens to inform policy and practice.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study including all hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the Portuguese NHS hospitals, discharged from March to December 2020. We calculated sex, age, comorbidities, attack rates by period, and calculated adjusted relative risks (aRR) for the outcomes of admission to ICU and death, using Poisson regressions. We tested effect modification between two distinct pandemic periods (March–September/October–December) with lower and higher hospital burden, in other determinants.ResultsOf 18,105 COVID-19 hospitalized cases, 10.22% were admitted to the ICU and 20.28% died in hospital before discharge. Being aged 60–69 years (when compared with those aged 0–49) was the strongest independent risk factor for ICU admission (aRR 1.91, 95%CI 1.62–2.26). Unlike ICU admission, risk of death increased continuously with age and in the presence of specific comorbidities. Overall, the probability of ICU admission was reduced in the second period but the risk of death did not change. Risk factors for ICU admission and death differed by epidemic period. Testing interactions, in the period with high hospital burden, those aged 80–89, women, and those with specific comorbidities had a significantly lower aRR for ICU admission. Risk of death increased in the second period for those with dementia and diabetes.Discussion and conclusionsThe probability of ICU admission was reduced in the second period. Different patient profiles were identified for ICU and deaths among COVID-19-hospitalized patients in different pandemic periods with lower and higher hospital burden, possibly implying changes in clinical practice, priority setting, or clinical presentation that should be further investigated and discussed considering impacts of higher burden on services in health outcomes, to inform preparedness, healthcare workforce planning, and pandemic prevention measures.

IntroductionIn Portugal, COVID-19 laboratory notifications, clinical notifications (CNs), and epidemiological investigation questionnaires (EI) were electronically submitted by laboratories, clinicians, and public health professionals, respectively, to the Portuguese National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE), as mandated by law. We described CN and EI completeness in SINAVE to inform pandemic surveillance efforts.MethodsWe calculated the proportion of COVID-19 laboratory-notified cases without CN nor EI, and without EI by region and age group, in each month, from March 2020 to July 2021. We tested the correlation between those proportions and monthly case counts in two epidemic periods and used Poisson regression to identify factors associated with the outcomes.ResultsThe analysis included 909,720 laboratory-notified cases. After October 2020, an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases was associated with a decrease in the submissions of CN and EI. By July 2021, 68.57% of cases had no associated CN nor EI, and 96.26% had no EI. Until January 2021, there was a positive correlation between monthly case counts and the monthly proportion of cases without CN nor EI and without EI, but not afterward. Cases aged 75 years or older had a lower proportion without CN nor EI (aRR: 0.842 CI95% 0.839–0.845). When compared to the Norte region, cases from Alentejo, Algarve, and Madeira had a lower probability of having no EI (aRR;0.659 CI 95%0.654–0.664; aRR 0.705 CI 95% 0.7–0.711; and aRR 0.363 CI 95% 0.354–0.373, respectively).DiscussionAfter January 2021, CN and EI were submitted in a small proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases, varying by age and region. Facing the large number of COVID-19 cases, public health services may have adopted other registry strategies including new surveillance and management tools to respond to operational needs. This may have contributed to the abandonment of official CN and EI submission. Useful knowledge on the context of infection, symptom profile, and other knowledge gaps was no longer adequately supported by SINAVE. Regular evaluation of pandemic surveillance systems' completeness is necessary to inform surveillance improvements and procedures considering dynamic objectives, usefulness, acceptability, and simplicity.

Abstract The Toca das Onças cave is one of the most important Quaternary mammal deposits of Brazil. Two different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the preservation mode of its skeletal remains: either the animals climbed down into the cave, or it could have functioned as a natural trap. Evaluation of pathological modifications on three articulated vertebrae of a single adult giant ground sloth Eremotherium laurillardi reveals a particular type of bone fracture caused by compressive force on the vertebral column, which split the vertebral bodies in the sagittal plane. This diagnosis suggests that the animal accidentally fell into the cave, in accordance with the second hypothesis proposed to the incorporation mode of skeletal remains into the cave.

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Abstract Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been measured in different metrics, mostly by counting deaths and its impact on health services. Few studies have attempted to calculate years of life lost (YLL) to COVID-19 and compare it with YLL due to other causes in different countries. Methods We calculated YLL to COVID-19 from week10 to week52 in 2020 for eight European countries by methods defined by the WHO. We calculated excess YLL by subtracting the average YLL from 2017 to 2019 to the YLL in 2020. Our analysis compared YLL to COVID-19 and the excess YLL of non-COVID-19 causes across countries in Europe. Results Portugal registered 394,573 cases and 6619 deaths due to COVID-19, accounting for 25,395 YLL in just 10 months. COVID-19 was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths but accounted for only 4.2% of all YLL. We estimate that Portugal experienced an excess of 35,510 YLL (+ 6.2%), of which 72% would have been due to COVID-19 and 28% due to non-COVID-19 causes. Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands experienced excess YLL to non-COVID-19 causes. We also estimated that Portugal experienced an excess of 10,115 YLL due to cancer (3805), cardiovascular diseases (786) and diseases of the respiratory system (525). Conclusion COVID-19 has had a major impact on mortality rates in Portugal, as well as in other European countries. The relative impact of COVID-19 on the number of deaths has been greater than on the number of YLL, because COVID-19 deaths occur mostly in advanced ages.

Background: On March 16, 2020, the first death from CO­VID-19 was recorded in Portugal. Since then, there has been a reorganization of health services, changing the normal approach for the different cases of public health. Excess deaths recorded without a COVID-19 diagnosis are called excess mortality without COVID-19 (EM non-COVID-19). This study aims to estimate the EM non-COVID in the 7-month period after the first registered Covid-19 death. Methods: The following 2 methods were used to estimate the excess mortality in this period: the daily historical average of reported deaths and an adapted auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, considering the previous 5 years of records until October 16. For this model, after March 16, data was replaced with the daily historical average deaths from the previous 5 years, simulating the closest scenario possible as there was no pandemic. Only deaths from natural causes were selected for these estimations. For EM non-COVID-19 estimation, we subtracted the COVID-19 deaths from the overall excess mortality. Results: Between March 16, 2020, and October 16, 2020, there was an excess of 6,330 deaths from natural causes, i.e., nearly 12% more than expected. Both methods estimated an EM non-COVID-19 of around 66–67% in this period, with a greater relevance in mid-July and mid-September. Conclusions: Excess mortality was present almost every day during the study period. EM non-COVID-19 seemed to vary over time, showing some inadequacy of healthcare services in management of other patients free of COVID-19 in Portugal during periods with a greater patient volume. It is necessary to take care and monitor COVID-19 cases but also non-COVID-19 cases.

O presente artigo resulta da análise imanente da "visão histórica da Psicologia Social" desenvolvida por Ignacio Martín-Baró nos dois volumes de sua Psicología Social desde Centroamerica: o volume intitulado Acción y ideología (1983) e aquele intitulado Sistema, grupo y poder (1989). Apresenta, de forma sintética, os principais aspectos de sua interpretação historiográfica, pouco conhecida e discutida. Mostramos que, para Martín-Baró, a história da Psicologia Social não deve ignorar a importância da reflexão filosófica para a pesquisa histórica; deve reconhecer a importância, para a pesquisa histórica, dos clássicos da teoria social e política; pressupõe o vínculo dialético entre o conhecimento científico e as crises sociais; encontra-se dialeticamente subordinada à história social e política; não conhece um desenvolvimento linear e cumulativo; permite a justaposição de teorias oriundas de problemáticas distintas; insere-se no movimento de surgimento das ciências humanas e sociais; pressupõe um movimento de crítica e de libertação da Psicologia; deve assumir a perspectiva dos oprimidos se ela deseja contribuir para seu processo de emancipação; deve manter uma relação crítica com a perspectiva positivista e pragmatista da ciência; deve criticar o individualismo, o psicologismo, o subjetivismo e o elitismo; não pode contentar-se com uma compreensão limitada e negativa do conceito de crise.

Editorial

A ampliação das matrículas em cursos da área de Educação foi um dos principais vetores da expansão recente do ensino superior brasileiro. O objetivo do artigo é analisar até que ponto essa expansão significa, de fato, democratização de oportunidades de formação em distintas carreiras docentes. Os resultados obtidos, a partir de exercícios realizados com os microdados do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes 2014, revelam que as subáreas de Educação estão distintamente caracterizadas de acordo com a origem socioeconômica e marcas sociais dos/das estudantes. As evidências são discutidas a partir de bibliografia que trata da “democratização segregativa” do ensino superior e de sua “estratificação horizontal”.

O período de 1870 a 1920 é conhecido como aquele no qual diversos teóricos da psicologia estadunidense estabelecem as diretrizes teóricas e políticas da independência da disciplina frente às demais ciências e às reflexões filosóficas. A psicologia comparada proposta por Robert Mearns Yerkes é uma das mais importantes do final do século XIX e das duas primeiras décadas do século seguinte. As obras do autor referentes à evolução do sistema nervoso central e periférico e suas relações com a inteligência, em conjunto com a psicologia militar e a eugenia, possibilitam, ao menos em parte, a concretização da engenharia humana e de suas futuras aplicações em diversos setores da sociedade estadunidense como instrumento de dominação da classe dominante. Como se trata de uma obra vasta e variadas aplicações na vida cotidiana, pensamos que essa primeira aproximação seja aprofundada em futuras investigações acerca dos movimentos da classe trabalhadora durante o processo de modernização da indústria e da grande reforma social pela qual a sociedade estadunidense à época. Movimentos amplamente desprezados pela historiografia da psicologia estadunidense.

Objectives. This study is aimed at identifying the best clinical model to predict poststroke independence at 6 and 18 months, considering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and then identifying differences between countries. Methods. Data was retrieved from the International Stroke Trial 3 study. Nine clinical variables (age, gender, severity, rt-PA, living alone, atrial fibrillation, history of transient ischemic attack/stroke, and abilities to lift arms and walk) were measured immediately after the stroke and considered to predict independence at 6 and 18 months poststroke. Independence was measured using the Oxford Handicap Scale. The adequacy, predictive capacity, and discriminative capacity of the models were checked. Countries were added to the final models. Results. At 6 months poststroke, 35.8% (n=1088) of participants were independent, and at 18 months, this proportion decreased to 29.9% (n=747). Both 6 and 18 months poststroke predictive models obtained fair discriminatory capacities. Gender, living alone, and rt-PA only reached predictive significance at 18 months. Poststroke patients from Poland and Sweden showed greater chances to achieve independence at 6 months compared to the UK. Poland also achieved greater chances at 18 months. Italy had worse chances than the UK at both follow-ups. Discussion. Six and eight variables predicted poststroke independence at 6 and 18 months, respectively. Some variables only reached significance at 18 months, suggesting a late influence in stroke patients’ rehabilitation. Differences found between countries in achieving independence may be related to healthcare system organization or cultural characteristics, a hypothesis that must be addressed in future studies. These results can allow the development of tailored interventions to improve the outcomes.

Considering the importance of the diseases affecting the productive performance of animals in the dairy industry worldwide, it is necessary to implement tools that help to control and limit the occurrence of such diseases. As the increased somatic cell counts (SCC) are a direct expression of the inflammatory process, they are candidates to become the usual parameter for assessing udder health regarding milk quality and for monitoring mastitis incidences. Toll-Like Receptors are membrane proteins that play a key role in immunity, recognizing pathogens and, subsequently, activating immune responses. The present study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene of buffaloes and to analyze its associations with somatic cell counts. DNA samples of 120 Murrah buffaloes were used. The whole coding region of the TLR4 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction reactions and sequenced for polymorphism scanning. A total of 13 polymorphisms were identified for the sequenced regions of the TLR4, most of which are in the coding region. The association with the somatic cell score was highly significant (p < 0.001) for all identified polymorphisms of TLR4 gene (g.54621T>A, g.54429G>T, g.54407T>A, g.46616C>A, g.46613T>G, g.46612A>G, g.46611C>A, g.46609T>G, g.46541C>G, g.46526C>A, g.46516T>C, g.46376C>T, g.46372T>C). Therefore, it is suggested that the markers of the TLR4 gene can be used as molecular markers for mastitis resistance in buffaloes, due to their association with somatic cell counts.

Introduction: Portugal took early action to control the COVID-19 epidemic, initiating lockdown measures on March 16th when it recorded only 62 cases of COVID-19 per million inhabitants and reported no deaths. The Portuguese public complied quickly, reducing their overall mobility by 80%. The aim of this study was to estimate the initial impact of the lockdown in Portugal in terms of the reduction of the burden on the healthcare system. Material and Methods: We forecasted epidemic curves for: Cases, hospital inpatients (overall and in intensive care), and deaths without lockdown, assuming that the impact of containment measures would start 14 days after initial lockdown was implemented. We used exponential smoothing models for deaths, intensive care and hospitalizations and an ARIMA model for number of cases. Models were selected considering fitness to the observed data up to the 31st March 2020. We then compared observed (with intervention) and forecasted curves (without intervention). Results: Between April 1st and April 15th, there were 146 fewer deaths (-25%), 5568 fewer cases (-23%) and, as of April 15th, there were 519 fewer intensive care inpatients (-69%) than forecasted without the lockdown. On April 15th, the number of intensive care inpatients could have reached 748, three times higher than the observed value (229) if the intervention had been delayed. Discussion: If the lockdown had not been implemented in mid-March, Portugal intensive care capacity (528 beds) would have likely been breached during the first half of April. The lockdown seems to have been effective in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, serious COVID-19 disease, and associated mortality, thus decreasing demand on health services. Conclusion: An early lockdown allowed time for the National Health Service to mobilize resources and acquire personal protective equipment, increase testing, contact tracing and hospital and intensive care capacity and to promote broad prevention and control measures. When lifting more stringent measures, strong surveillance and communication strategies that mobilize individual prevention efforts are necessary.

Background: One month after the first COVID-19 infection was recorded, Portugal counted 18,051 cases and 599 deaths from COVID-19. To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods. Methods: We compared the observed and expected daily deaths (historical average number from daily death registrations in the past 10 years) and used 2 standard deviations confidence limit for all-cause mortality by age and specific mortality cause, considering the last 6 years. An adapted Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was also tested to validate the estimated number of all-cause deaths during the study period. Results: Between March 16 and April 14, there was an excess of 1255 all-cause deaths, 14% more than expected. The number of daily deaths often surpassed the 2 standard deviations confidence limit. The excess mortality occurred mostly in people aged 75+. Forty-nine percent (49%) of the estimated excess deaths were registered as due to COVID-19, the other 51% registered as other natural causes. Conclusion: Even though Portugal took early containment measures against COVID-19, and the population complied massively with those measures, there was significant excess mortality during the first month of the pandemic, mostly among people aged 75+. Only half of the excess mortality was registered as directly due do COVID-19. •An Excess Mortality (EM) of 1255 deaths were estimated 1 month after the first death classified by COVID-19, and it would probably be more if the government had not taken early action. •The age group where a significant increase in mortality was noted was above 75 years. •51% of the EM was due to natural causes other than COVID-19.

RESUMO O artigo examina em que medida as similaridades ou discrepâncias raciais entre professores e alunos nas turmas das escolas públicas brasileiras influenciam as expectativas docentes. Adicionalmente, são analisadas a ocorrência de diferenciais de gênero nas expectativas e a interseccionalidade com as diferenças raciais. Os dados utilizados são da Prova Brasil 2013 (BRASIL, 2015). A principal conclusão é que a similaridade racial entre professores e turmas de alunos negros está associada a maiores expectativas docentes, especialmente quanto à conclusão do ensino fundamental e entrada na universidade. Além disso, o fato de as turmas serem lecionadas por professoras também está vinculado a maiores expectativas. Contudo, as expectativas são explicadas em grande medida pelo aprendizado dos estudantes em matemática e pelo ambiente pedagógico em sala de aula.

Apresenta resultados de um projeto de pesquisa implementado na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) com o intuito de analisar níveis de pressão sonora em pontos de convivência no Campus I da Instituição. Objetiva difundir a iniciativa no meio acadêmico, chamando atenção para os riscos decorrentes da exposição continuada à níveis elevados de pressão sonora em ambientes de ensino. Foram subsídios metodológicos a análise bibliográfica, gráficos decorrentes da pesquisa e documentos oficiais relacionados ao tema. Espera-se que o trabalho possa alertar a comunidade científica da importância de iniciativas similares, bem como servidores e estudantes de Instituições Federais de ensino para a possibilidade de riscos à audição e/ou redução da produtividade acadêmica por exposição à níveis elevados de pressão sonora.

Apresentação de pesquisa implementada no âmbito da Universidade Federal da Paraíba em 2015 com o intuito de analisar níveis de pressão sonora em pontos de convivência no Campus I da Instituição, além de possíveis influências destes contextos acústicos no desempenho acadêmico discente. Objetiva chamar atenção para a possibilidade de influências negativas diretas e indiretas destes ambientes sonoros no desempenho acadêmico. Entre os subsídios teóricos para a elaboração do presente trabalho constam análises bibliográficas, análises da atuação discente no projeto, dados obtidos na primeira fase da pesquisa, além de técnicas de observação participante, entrevistas, gráficos e tabelas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para o aprofundamento e a ampliação das discussões em torno do tema, visando iniciativas pedagógicas e Institucionais que evitem influências do tipo no desempenho acadêmico.

Zebu cattle (Bos taurus indicus) are highly adapted to tropical regions. However, females reach puberty after taurine heifers, which affects the economic efficiency of beef cattle breeding in the tropical regions. The aims of this study were to establish associations between the haplotype alleles of the bovine genome and age at first calving (AFC) in the Nelore cattle, and to identify the genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to this phenotype. A total of 2,273 Nelore cattle (995 males and 1,278 females) genotyped using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip were used in the current study. The association analysis included females with valid first calving records as well as open heifers. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis among the markers was performed using blocks of 5, 10, and 15 markers, which were determined by sliding windows shifting one marker at a time. Then, the haplotype block size to be used in the association study was chosen based on the highest r2 average among the SNPs in the block. The five HapAlleles most strongly associated with the trait (top five) were considered as significant associations. The results of the analysis revealed four genomic regions related to AFC, which overlapped with 20 QTL of the reproductive traits reported previously. Furthermore, there were 19 genes related to reproduction in those regions. In conclusion, the use of haplotypes allowed the detection of chromosomal regions associated with AFC in Nelore cattle, and provided the basis for elucidating the mechanisms underlying this trait.

Embora não seja recente, nunca o debate em torno da problemática ambiental foi tão presente como na sociedade contemporânea, mesmo que essa preocupação com as questões ambientais, decorrentes dos processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento, tenha se dado de forma gradual entre os mais diversos segmentos da sociedade, de governos, organizações e outros agentes.O aumento significativo do consumo de bens e matérias?primas e o crescimento acelerado e desordenado das cidades, particularmente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, rapidamente geraram um quadro de degradação ambiental nunca visto anteriormente. Do início do século XIX, período a partir do qual podemos considerar um crescimento exponencial na produção e utilização de produtos químicos sintéticos, até os dias de hoje (ou seja, pouco mais de 200 anos) degradamos e poluímos o meio ambiente mais do que em 10.000 anos de história. Tal fato se deu, devido ao grande incentivo ao desenvolvimento econômico, aliado à falta de consciência com relação à necessidade de investimentos no controle de poluição, tanto do setor público, como do setor privado, e da inexistência de uma legislação ambiental pertinente com relação ao descarte de resíduos tóxicos no meio ambiente, oriundos da atividade da indústria química. A prevenção nem era cogitada nesse período. Como conseqüência, adentramos à década de 1970 com nossos recursos hídricos comprometidos, não havendo definição quanto à destinação de resíduos, a qualidade do ar nos grandes centros piorando a cada ano e uma crise ambiental de proporções nunca imaginadas anteriormente, sendo vislumbrada para um futuro próximo (Farias, 2011), levando a sociedade a refletir sobre ela mesma, questionando e repensando seus hábitos e atitudes.

Small headwaters streams of the Neotropical region usually have high species richness and diversity. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and abundance of fish fauna in the headwaters streams of the Madeira-Purus interfluvial plain in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 22 streams of 1st to 3rd order were sampled during two expeditions at two separate locations in April-May and July of 2007. A total of 5508 fishes were captured using hand and small seine nets, belonging to 78 species, 22 families and six orders. Characiformes was the most diverse taxonomic group in the samples, followed by Gymnotiformes and Siluriformes. Our findings indicate that the fish fauna of streams in the Madeira- Purus interfluvial plain is both rich and diverse and should be considered during the implementation of strengthened environmental conservation strategies in this region.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in dogs of Bela Vista do Paraiso, Parana state, compare the IFA and ELISA techniques and identify the vectors possibly involved in the cycle of the parasite. Were collected blood samples from 489 dogs that were subjected to detection of anti-Leishmania sp. by IFA and by ELISA. Were considered positive samples ³40 titers in IFA and for ELISA ³ 0.174 optical density. Among the samples analyzed, 222 (45.4%) were positive by IFA and 189 (38.7%) by ELISA. Comparing the tests were found 176 positive samples (36.0%) and 254 negative (51.9%) for both techniques. The sensitivity of ELISA was 79.3% and specificity was 95.1%. The global coefficient of the test was 87.0% with kappa coefficient of 0.75. Analysis of variables for dogs with positive serology by IFA showed significant differences regarding the absence of forests and lack of contact with other animal species. Positive sera by ELISA in dogs variables that showed significant differences were the type of riparian vegetation existing in the environment, the lack of garbage, open sewers and released directly into rivers or streams and garbage thrown on wasteland, burned or buried. The result obtained with the capture of sandflies was the predominance of Lutzomyia whitmani with 79.9% of the species collected. The result obtained with the capture of sandflies was the predominance of Lutzomyia whitmani with 79.9% of the species collected. The results showed that the LTA is widespread in the canine population of Bela Vista do Paraiso, and both the IFI and ELISA can be used for diagnosis. So the dog appears as a link between wild and peridomestic cycle of CL may become an amplifier of disease in this ecosystem.O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a soroprevalência da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) canina no município de Bela Vista do Paraíso, Paraná, comparar as técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e identificar as espécies de flebotomíneos presentes, possivelmente envolvidas no ciclo do parasito. Amostras de sangue de 489 cães foram submetidas à pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leishmania sp. pela IFI e ELISA. Foram consideradas positivas as amostras que apresentaram título ³ 40 na IFI e densidade ótica ³ 0.174 no ELISA. Entre as amostras analisadas, 222 (45,4%) foram reagentes pela IFI e 189 (38,7%) pelo ELISA. Comparando-se os testes foram encontradas 176 amostras positivas (36,0%) e 254 negativas (51,9%) para ambas as técnicas. A sensibilidade do ELISA foi de 79,3% e a especificidade foi de 95,1%. O coeficiente global do teste foi de 87,0% com coeficiente Kappa de 0,75. A análise das variáveis para cães com sorologia positiva pela IFI demonstrou diferença significativa em relação à ausência de matas e ausência de convívio com outras espécies animais. Em cães sororeagentes pelo ELISA as variáveis que apresentaram diferença significativa foram o tipo de mata ciliar existente no ambiente, a ausência de lixo, o esgoto a céu aberto e lançado diretamente em rios ou córregos e do lixo lançado em terreno baldio, queimado ou enterrado. O resultado obtido com a captura dos flebotomíneos foi a predominância do Lutzomyia whitmani com 79,9% das espécies coletadas. Os resultados demonstraram que a LTA está amplamente disseminada na população canina do município de Bela Vista do Paraíso, e que tanto a IFI como o ELISA podem ser utilizados para o diagnóstico. Deste modo o cão apresenta-se como um elo entre o ciclo silvestre e o peridomiciliar da LTA, podendo tornar-se um sinalizador do agente no ecossistema da doença nesse ecossistema.

Estudo sobre a relação da etnomusicologia com a tecnologia de áudio adentrando nos principais desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e conceituais dessas duas áreas desde o final do século XIX. Objetiva resumir a história da primeira área, desde a musicologia sistemática até hoje com base na tecnologia que permeou seu percurso, chamando atenção para questões pouco contempladas. Foram subsídios metodológicos: a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, análises de documentos e comportamentos em estúdio de gravação e análises acústicas. Verificou-se a existência de marcos delineadores do processo histórico ocorrido. Sugere que qualquer fator relacionado com um processo de produção fonográfica pode influenciar o resultado acústico de uma manifestação musical gravada. Sugere também uma maior atenção em pesquisas frente à influência de elementos técnicos e conceituais de produção fonográfica em manifestações de transmissão oral.Study about the relation of the ethnomusicology with the audio technology covering the main technological and conceptual developments of these two areas since the late nineteenth century. It aims at covering the history of the former since the systematic musicology until the present centering on the technology that characterized the way, calling attention to less covered questions. The methodological procedures were: bibliographic and field research, document and behavior analysis in recording studio and acoustic analysis. It suggests the existence of some landmarks in the historical process and that any factor related with the phonographic production process may exert influence on the acoustic result of a recorded musical manifestation. It also calls attention to the need of more research on the influence of technical and conceptual elements of phonographic production on oral transmission manifestations.

O dendê (Elaeis guineensis, Jaquim) pode produzir até sete toneladas de óleo por hectare por ano. O óleo vegetal é muito versátil e pode ser usado desde a indústria alimentícia até a produção de biocombustíveis. A planta é capaz de se associar com bactérias diazotróficas que colonizam raízes e caules. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta à adubação nitrogenada de 17 genótipos de dendê no primeiro ano de cultivo e avaliar a influência da adição do N mineral sobre a população de bactérias diazotróficas, naturalmente presentes nas plântulas de dendezeiro. Foram utilizados potes de plástico completados com 50% de areia quartzoza e 50% de horizonte B de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, série Itaguaí, não esterilizado e extremamente pobre em nitrogênio. A uréia foi aplicada na dosagem de 33,68 kg ha-1 de N. Na presença do N, todos os genótipos melhoram os parâmetros biométricos, e houve aumento tanto do N total quanto do N acumulado. As populações de bactérias diazotróficas não foram influenciadas pela adição desse elemento. Dois genótipos foram selecionados, na presença e ausência de N, respectivamente, C-2001 e La Mé.African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jaquim) can produce up to 7 tons of oil per hectare per year. The vegetable oil is greatly versatile in its use, since food industry up to the production of fuels favorable to environmental protection. The plant has the potential to be associative with diazotrophic bacteria which colonize the roots and stem. The objective of this work was to evaluate 17 genotypes of E. guineensis in response to nitrogen addition and to verify the influence of this nitrogen on the diazotrophic population in an experiment using plastic pots filled with 50% quartz sand and 50% of non sterilized Horizon B; Red-Yellow Podzolic Soil series Itaguaí, extremely poor in nitrogen. Urea was used at a dose of 33.68 kg ha-1 de N. In the presence of the nitrogen, all genotypes improved biometric parameters, increased total nitrogen and its accumulation. Its addiction did not affect the diazotrophic population. Two genotypes were selected in the presence and absence of nitrogen: C-2001 and La Mé, respectively.

With aging, anatomical changes are observed in the face. In the lower third, these changes are expressed as ptosis of the angle of the mouth, lip enhancement groove mentalis; decrease in concavity between the jaw and neck and very noticeable platysmal banding. The repeated contraction of muscles of the lateral-chin together with the band platysmal side form what are called a marionette groove. Treating the whole lateral-chin area can result in a more harmonious aspect of the face when compared with treatment of a marionette groove in isolation. In this paper we describe combined treatment of the lateral chin area using botulinum toxin and fillers.Com o envelhecimento observamos mudanças anatômicas na face. No terço inferior essas mudanças se expressam como ptose do ângulo da boca; acentuação do sulco lábio mentoniano; diminuição da concavidade entre a mandíbula e o pescoço e formação de bandas platismais bem evidentes. A contração repetida dos músculos da região latero-mentoniana juntamente com a banda platismal lateral, forma o que chamamos de sulco de marionette. Ao tratarmos toda região latero-mentoniana conseguimos um resultado mais harmônico, quando comparado com o tratamento isolado do sulco de marionette. Nesse artigo apresentamos o tratamento combinado da região latero mentoniana com o uso de toxina botulínica e preenchedores.

Atualmente há grande necessidade de maior disponibilização de material didático no ensino médico. A escassez de segmentos anatômicos e a toxicidade dos conservantes, como o formol, têm gerado uma busca intensa por novos meios de demonstração da anatomia humana. Como solução para esta dificuldade pode-se utilizar imagens tridimensionais (3D), que facilitam o processo de aprendizado. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar e descrever duas técnicas de reprodução de imagens bidimensionais em três dimensões, o que é chamado de estereoscopia. Os dois métodos avaliados foram o de filtro de cores (anaglífico) e o de luz polarizada. As técnicas foram analisadas segundo a nitidez e o efeito 3D. Avaliaram-se 14 imagens por 5 pessoas, com notas de 0 a 4. A média total da técnica de polarização foi superior em relação à técnica anaglífica. Ambas realizam codificação de imagens, que consiste na separação e na exclusividade com que cada olho vê a imagem correspondente. Após vários ensaios fotográficos e adaptações gradativas a uma melhor técnica, baseando-se em conhecimentos de física elementar, fotografia e neuroanatomia, concluímos que ambas são capazes de produzir efeito 3D. No entanto, a melhor técnica, em termos de qualidade final da imagem foi a de polarização, não alterando a coloração natural da peça, mantendo traços nítidos e possuindo menor custo.

In the nineteenth century an important archaeological site was found in the "Serra da Babilônia", city of Goianá, Minas Gerais, containing many naturally mummified bodies and many burial accompaniments on a rocky cavity since then called "caverna da Babilônia". Reports of important researchers of the period have been produced about this finding, as well as quotes for more than a century, having also the site gone through modern archaeological interventions and analyzes in the 1980s. This article is meant to gather and make public some documents about this site, and thus highlight its importance in the current context of regional archaeological research.

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o desenvolvimento inicial de Auchenipterus osteomystax (Ribeiro, 1918) (Osteichthyes, Auchenipteridae). O material analisado é proveniente de amostras coletadas no plâncton no alto rio Paraná, rio Ivaí, alto rio Ivinhema e reservatório de Itaipu. Foram analisadas 74 larvas e 7 juvenis, entre 5,25 mm e 39 mm de comprimento padrão. Os espécimes foram identificados e separados em diferentes estágios, e foram obtidas as variáveis morfométricas e merísticas. As larvas de A. osteomystax apresentam o desenvolvimento inicial semelhante ao de outros Siluriformes, no entanto são caracterizadas principalmente por apresentar um aglomerado de pigmentos na cabeça e na região anterior do corpo e número de miômeros variando de 44 a 50

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o desenvolvimento inicial e verificar a distribuição temporal de larvas e juvenis de Bryconamericus stramineus e a sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais. O material foi obtido ao longo de ciclos nictemerais no Ressaco do Leopoldo, planície alagável do alto rio Paraná, entre fevereiro de 1991 e fevereiro de 1992. As larvas e juvenis foram identificados e descritos quanto às suas características morfológicas e merísticas, sendo que as larvas apresentaram pigmentação escassa, boca subterminal, abertura anal mediana e número de miômeros variando de 35 a 40 (16 a 21 pré e 17 a 22 pós-anal). As larvas e juvenis foram capturados em praticamente todo o período amostrado, com maiores abundâncias em dezembro e novembro, respectivamente, principalmente no período noturno. Relações entre as densidades e as variáveis ambientais foram significativas somente entre as larvas e a pluviosidade