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Elicitors activate the defense mechanism in plants to resist pathogens. Ulvans and glucuronans can act as elicitors, and their activity seems to be related to the sulfate groups, rhamnose and uronic acid monosaccharides. Chichá gum (CHG), which also contains rhamnose and uronic acid, was sulfated with chlorosulfonic acid/N,N-dimethylformamide and deacetylated with sodium hydroxide solution. The changes were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Carbon-13 NMR revealed that sulfation occurred in galactose and rhamnose units. The apples were sprayed with water (negative control), deacetylated chichá gum (DCHG), and sulfated chichá gum (SCHG). The activity of enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenol oxidases and the lignin content were compared with those under the action of a commercial elicitor, benzothiadiazole. DCHG, and especially SCHG, increased the activity of the two enzymes. Only fruits treated with SCHG showed a significant (p

Multidisciplinary scientific organizations have sought to face the challenges of digital transformation through new govern-ance models that optimize network collaboration and innovation. We studied the collaboration network from the long-term coauthoring system of a Brazilian multidisciplinary organization (Embrapa). The study shows that nodes degree distribution of the network is scale free and degree correlation analysis suggests a disassortative regime from competition and minimal but sufficient control that emerges as a hub-and-spoke pattern. The jobs of controller and researcher are twice as many occupied by males, except for the jobs of analyst, who act like network gatekeeper. With the largest number of individuals in productunits, the southern region of the country is more likely to form clusters. Alternatively, hubs in thematic and ecoregionalunits in the Midwest have greater gravitational attraction, positioning themselves in the inner core of the giant component. The optimization of innovation by the organization should combine greater individual autonomy through improved human capital, with a universal labeling of units as, for instance, centers of innovation. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T02:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bergier2020-Article-ScientificCollaborationInAMult.pdf: 1848720 bytes, checksum: 85cabc2e7d621df4c5674f91f53eb0c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and secondary metabolite production, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in 'Spanish' melon, in natura, and its implications in disease control as a function of metabolomic variation to fungicidal or fungistatic effects. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and corresponding S-Plot were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through the upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to prevent chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary, cinnamon, citronella grass, and clove essential oils on the in vitro growth of Penicillium expansum, on the diameter of blue mold lesions, and on the physical and chemical attributes of 'Fuji' apples stored under refrigeration for different periods of time. The compositions of the essential oils were determined, and their effects on the growth inhibition, number, and viability of fungal spores in vitro were evaluated at 0, 100, and 1,000 μL L-1 oil concentrations. At postharvest, evaluations were performed for fruit treated with 0, 50, 100, and 500 μL L-1 essential oil and kept under refrigeration for 30 days, and for fruit treated with 0, 100, and 500 μL L-1 oil and kept under refrigeration for two days. The essential oils - eucalyptol (rosemary), eugenol (cinnamon), citronellal (citronella), and eugenol (clove) - reduce the growth, number, and viability of P. expansum spores 24 hours after the induction to germination, as well as the diameter of blue mold lesions in apples, except for citronella oil at 500 μL L-1 after 30 days of cold storage. There are no changes in the physicochemical attributes of apples, treated with different concentrations of the oils after refrigeration for five months, followed by seven days at room temperature.

Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and production of secondary metabolites, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the possible applications of pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, mainly caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in yellow melon ‘Goldex’, in natura, and its implications in the disease control as a function of metabolomic expression to effect fungicidal or fungistatic. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on the MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA and S-plot) were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to avoid chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.

Resumen pt: Este trabalho propos como objetivo, caracterizar a resposta fenologica, a exigencia termica e as caracteristicas fisicas e fisico- quimicas no ponto de c...

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a interação entre o fungo Botryosphaeria dothidea e maçãs cv. Fuji por meio da técnica de Differential Display RT-PCR. O cDNA de frutos infectados e não infectados pelo fungo foi amplificado com uma combinação de 15 oligonucleotídeos iniciadores. Foram isolados 400 fragmentos de cDNA diferencialmente expressos, dos quais 120 foram sequenciados e comparados com sequências disponíveis no GenBank, por meio do programa BLASTX. As sequências obtidas foram similares à metalotioninas, profilina alergênica, proteína de resistência e fosfatase. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the Botryosphaeria dothidea fungi and 'Fuji' apples using the Differential Display RT-PCR technique. The cDNA of infected and non infected fruits by the fungus was amplified using a combination of 15 primers. Four hundred fragments of differentially expressed cDNA were isolated, and 120 of them were sequenced and compared with available sequences at GenBank database, using BLASTX software. Obtained sequences were similar to methalothionines, an allergenic profiline, a resistance linked protein, and a phosphatase.

Propôs-se, neste trabalho, caracterizar a evolução da maturação fisiológica de uvas de mesa apirenas BRS Morena, BRS Clara e BRS Linda cultivadas no Vale do Submédio do São Francisco. A evolução da maturação foi acompanhada semanalmente após a mudança de cor das bagas. As características físicas e físico-químicas avaliadas foram: massa dos cachos, diâmetro e comprimento das bagas, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e pH. A evolução da maturação caracterizou-se por aumentos significativos de massa dos cachos, diâmetro e comprimento das bagas, teor de SS e pH, e por decréscimos da acidez e firmeza da polpa, podendo ser realizada a colheita a partir de 95 dias, para a cultivar BRS Morena; 97 dias, para BRS Clara e 103 dias para BRS Linda.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of the growth regulators NAA (naftalen acetic acid) and BAP (benzilaminopurin), in the increase of the angle of insertion of the branches in apple trees. The experiment was driven in a commercial orchard area of Lages/SC, where has been cultivated Imperial Gala and Fuji cultivars on rootstock Marubakaido, testing different doses of the regulators compared with the conventional bending. The regulators were applied with cotton aid, in the superior part of the branches in growth, in the insertion between the branch and the stem. The results evidenced that, even NAA tends to have a good effect in the bending of branches, in the doses of 200 to 500 ppm, the conventional practice to increase the angle of insertion of the branches, through the use of toothpicks, continues being the best bending method.

O estudo da curva de crescimento dos frutos de mamão tem grande importância para o conhecimento das diferentes fases fenológicas envolvidas no seu desenvolvimento, como a época de maior ganho de massa ou a época de início da maturação para definir os períodos de colheitas. A partir de estudos dessa natureza, podem se revelar períodos críticos em seu desenvolvimento que possibilitem a produção dos mesmos com alta qualidade, como também a colheita na época correta, satisfazendo, assim, os consumidores mais exigentes. Apesar de sua importância, as informações disponíveis sobre a curva de crescimento de frutos de mamão do grupo 'Formosa' ainda são escassas. Diante dessa problemática esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar parâmetros físicos e químicos do fruto do mamoeiro, através da curva de crescimento, a fim de determinar possíveis indicadores do ponto de colheita (maturidade fisiológica ideal). Os frutos de idade conhecida, provenientes do desenvolvimento de flores previamente marcadas, foram colhidos ao longo dos 4,5 meses seguintes para a avaliação de seu crescimento na Fazenda Frutacor no município de Russas-CE. O intervalo entre a coleta das amostras foi semanal no primeiro mês (28 dias) e após 88 dias do desenvolvimento do fruto, e quinzenal dos 28 aos 88 dias após a marcação das flores. Após as coletas os frutos foram transportados até a Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, para avaliação de parâmetros físicoquímicos como matéria fresca e seca total da polpa e das sementes, comprimento transversal e longitudinal, diâmetro da cavidade ovariana, espessura e firmeza de polpa, coloração da epiderme e da polpa, quantificação de clorofilas e carotenóides da casca, carotenóides da polpa, sólidos solúveis, acidez e açúcares solúveis totais. O delineamento experimental para os estudos de crescimento do fruto foi inteiramente casualizado, com 5 repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por três frutos.Verificou-se um incremento na matéria fresca total, da polpa e das sementes caracterizado por um crescimento inicial rápido até 88 dias após a frutificação efetiva (DAFE), seguido por um crescimento lento. Da mesma forma, a matéria seca total (MST), matéria seca da polpa (MSP) e matéria seca das sementes (MSS) apresentaram padrão de crescimento sigmoidal, 50% da matéria seca total e da polpa, formaram-se até os 102 DAFE. Os frutos apresentaram uma elevada taxa de crescimento até aproximadamente 73 DAFE, seguido por uma fase de crescimento lento. O comprimento longitudinal, transversal, cavidade ovariana e espessura de polpa apresentaram, também, crescimento sigmoidal simples. Verificou-se incremento no teor de clorofila e carotenóides da casca até 88 DAFE, a partir desse período, os teores de clorofila diminuíram, sem, entretanto haver aumento nos carotenóides da casca. Ao contrário, os teores de carotenóides da polpa aumentaram significativamente após 109 DAFE. Houve acréscimo no teor de SS durante o desenvolvimento do fruto, os valores variaram de 5,1 a 13,0%. Houve decréscimo nos valores da acidez titulável até 73 DAFE, Houve acréscimo nos teores de açúcares totais dos 14 (1,12%) aos 144 (11,42%) DAFE. Com base nos valores médios dos parâmetros analisados verificou-se que a colheita pode ser realizada a partir dos 130 DAFE, com valores dentro do intervalo considerado ideal para comercialização de frutos do grupo 'Formosa' destinados ao mercado. Aos 123 DAFE, apesar das características favoráveis dos parâmetros físico-químicos, os frutos não apresentaram maturidade fisiológica, permanecendo verdes e murchos quando armazenados em temperatura ambiente (25:t2°C e 60:t2% UR) por 7 dias. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Orientadora: Edna Maria Mendes Aroucha, UFERSA; Co-orientadora: Andréia Hansen Oster, CNPAT. Mossoró, 2009.