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2. Public procurement in Big Science: politics or technology? The case of CERN

Author

Andrea Bastianin and Chiara F Del Bo

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Politics, Procurement, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Business, 050207 economics, Public administration, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Public procurement from Big Science Centers (BSCs) yields a variety of spillover effects that can ultimately have growth enhancing consequences for their Member States (MS). We study the determinants of procurement for the biggest research infrastructure ever built: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. A unique database of firms that have registered to become industrial partners of the LHC program allows us to estimate the determinants for potential suppliers of receiving an order from CERN. We compare the relative weight of firms’ technological features and CERN’s procurement rules aimed at securing a juste retour for its MS. Although in accordance to CERN’s procurement rules our results highlight the role of both technological factors and political constraints, we also show the existence of a premium toward Swiss and French firms. We document that the constraints related with the achievement of a juste retour affect—directly or indirectly—the procurement policy of many European BSCs and international bodies whose budget is financed by the public funds of their MS. Therefore, our results have policy implications that go beyond our empirical application.

Published
2020
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4. Big science and innovation: gestation lag from procurement to patents for CERN suppliers

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Anna Giunta, Paolo Castelnovo, Massimo Florio, Bastianin, Andrea, Castelnovo, Paolo, Florio, Massimo, and Giunta, Anna

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Lag, Commercial law, Sample (statistics), Count data models, law.invention, Procurement, law, Accounting, CERN, Public procurement, Big science, C21, C23, Gestation lag, H57, Innovation, L39, O31, Patents, Business and International Management, Industrial organization, Large Hadron Collider, General Engineering, Particle accelerator, Big science · CERN · Innovation · Public procurement · Patents · Gestation lag, Order (business), Business
Abstract

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the most important laboratory for particle physics in the world. It requires cutting edge technologies to deliver scientific discoveries. This paper investigates the time span needed for technology suppliers of CERN to absorb the knowledge acquired during the procurement relation and develop it into a patent. We estimate count data models relying on a sample of CERN suppliers for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator. Firms in our sample received their first LHC-related order over a long-time span (1995–2008). This fact is exploited to estimate the time lag that separates the beginning of the procurement relationship and the filing date of patents. Becoming a supplier of CERN is associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of patent applications by firms. Moreover, such an effect requires a relatively long gestation lag in the range of five to eight years.

Published
2022

5. Technological learning and innovation gestation lags at the frontier of science: from CERN procurement to patents

Author

andrea bastianin, Bastianin, A, Castelnovo, P, Florio, M, Giunta, A, andrea bastianin, Paolo Castelnovo, Massimo Florio, Anna Giunta, andrea bastianin, Bastianin, A, Castelnovo, P, Florio, M, Giunta, A, andrea bastianin, Paolo Castelnovo, Massimo Florio, and Anna Giunta

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on the impact of Big Science Centres on technological innovation. We exploit a unique dataset with information on CERN’s procurement orders to study the collaborative innovation process between CERN and its industrial partners, mostly European firms. Since 19 out of the 23 Member Countries of CERN belong to the EU, public procurement for innovation through CERN can be seen as factor contributing to European innovation policies. After a qualitative discussion of case studies, survival and count data models are estimated; the impact of CERN procurement on suppliers’ innovation is captured by the number of patent applications. The fact that firms in our sample received their first order over a long time span (1995-2008) delivers a natural partition of industrial partners into “suppliers” and “not yet suppliers”. This allows estimating the impact of CERN on the hazard to file a patent for the first time and on the number of patent applications, as well as the time needed for these effects to show up. We find that a “CERN effect” does exist: being an industrial partner of CERN is associated with an increase in the hazard to file a patent for the first time and in the number of patent applications. These effects require a significant “gestation lag” in the range of five to eight years, pointing to a relatively slow process of absorption of new ideas.

Published
2019

7. Findings from the LHC/HL-LHC Programme

Author

Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
Consolidation (business), Upgrade, Large Hadron Collider, Cost–benefit analysis, Risk analysis (engineering), Computer science, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Incremental costs, 050207 economics, Luminosity upgrade, 050203 business & management
Abstract

This note summarizes the results of a social Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The social CBA methodology is well-suited to assess social costs and benefits of the HL-LHC up to 2038. The analysis shows that the ratio between incremental benefits and incremental costs of the HL-LHC with respect to operating the LHC under normal consolidation (i.e. without high-luminosity upgrade) is slightly over 1.7, meaning that each Swiss Franc invested in the HL-LHC upgrade project pays back approximately 1.7 CHF in societal benefits. The rest of the note is organized as follows. We first discuss the merits of CBA; next, we present the methodology and discuss the results.

Published
2020
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8. Economic impacts of El Niño southern oscillation: evidence from the Colombian coffee market

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Alessandro Lanza, Matteo Manera, Bastianin, A, Lanza, A, and Manera, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Monetary economics, Colombia, Coffee, 01 natural sciences, Q02, Supply and demand, Demand curve, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Production (economics), El Niño, Economic impact analysis, 050207 economics, C32, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Q54, Short run, 05 social sciences, Global warming, O13, Q11, La Niña, Economy, Structural VAR, Economic model, ENSO, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that affects weather around the world. Past ENSO episodes have had severe impacts on the economy of Colombia. We study the influence of ENSO on Colombian coffee production, exports, and price. Our structural econometric specification is consistent with an economic model of the market for Colombian coffee which, in the short run, is characterized by a downward-sloping demand curve and by a vertical supply curve. We show that El Niño (i.e., positive shocks to ENSO) is beneficial for Colombian production and exports and decreases the real price of Colombian coffee. On the contrary, La Niña (i.e., negative shocks to ENSO) depresses Colombian coffee production and exports and increases price. However, the overall impact of ENSO shocks is small. Both in the short run and in the long run, shocks to international demand for Colombian coffee are more relevant than supply-side shocks in Colombia in explaining the dynamics of the price of Colombian coffee. Our results suggest that a given coffee price shock can have beneficial, detrimental, or negligible effects on the Colombian economy, depending on its underlying cause. As a consequence, policy responses to coffee price shocks should be designed by looking at the causes of the shocks.

Published
2018
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9. Oil supply shocks and economic growth in the Mediterranean

Author

Matteo Manera, Marzio Galeotti, Andrea Bastianin, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Manera, M

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 020209 energy, Oil supply, Net energy, Oil supply shock, 02 engineering and technology, Monetary economics, International trade, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Gross value added, SECS-P/06 - ECONOMIA APPLICATA, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, media_common.cataloged_instance, 050207 economics, European union, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Economic growth, Mediterranean countrie, media_common, business.industry, Financial instrument, 05 social sciences, Financial market, Energy sector, Energy (all), General Energy, business
Abstract

We study how oil supply shocks affect the output growth of selected countries in the Mediterranean region. We focus on the effects of oil supply shocks on economic activity, as measured by real gross value added, for the whole economy, as well as for specific industries. We show that the response of real gross value added growth is negative and often statistically significant for net energy importers, while for net energy exporters it is not distinguishable from zero. This result holds for the aggregate economies, as well as for the selected industries. Moreover, the effects of oil supply shocks increase with the degree of energy dependence in the Mediterranean countries belonging to the European Union. Our results have several policy implications. First, the European Union should encourage projects on the efficient use of energy in the Mediterranean area. Second, European financial markets should promote appropriate financial instruments to stimulate investments in the Mediterranean energy sector. Third, international investors should consider the country-specific reactions to major macroeconomic shocks in the Mediterranean region.

Published
2017
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10. HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Author

Pushpalatha C Bhat, B. Seeber, C. Pagliarone, Marco Statera, Victor P. Goncalves, Daria Astapovych, W. Bartmann, S. Iwamoto, M. Mentink, Alessandro Tricoli, E. R. Bielert, Laurent Chevalier, Patrick Koppenburg, Marco Calviani, C. Montag, P. Spiller, Jan Uythoven, P. Di Nezza, G. Guillermo Canton, B. Sailer, Markus Elsing, Sara Khatibi, Luca Vecchi, Luigi Palumbo, J. P. Penttinen, T. Podzorny, Maneesh Kumar, J. M. Rifflet, C. Kotnig, Jean Zinn-Justin, Christopher B. Verhaaren, A. Chernoded, Alessandro Bertarelli, L. M. Tkachenko, C. Koeberl, P. J. Mallon, M. Takeuchi, W. Venturini Delsolaro, G. Lamanna, S. Weinzierl, J. Gao, W. Kaabi, David D'Enterria, D. Barna, Paolo Castelnovo, Rajat Gupta, Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Adarsh Pyarelal, Andreas Salzburger, Tessa Charles, M.E. Biagini, O. Panella, M. Stuart, A. Kollegger, V. Garcia Diaz, Olcay Bolukbasi, Maurizio Pierini, H. Aksakal, Tord Riemann, Abhishek M. Iyer, V. Shiltsev, D. Buttazzo, J. Blümlein, Prateek Agrawal, L. Sestini, Martin Bauer, Felicitas Pauss, S. Fiorendi, F. Bossu, Marco Nardecchia, C. Leonidopoulos, Wojciech Kotlarski, A. Saba, I. Bautista-Guzmán, W. Hillert, Giorgio Ambrosio, T. Lehtinen, Michael Andrew Parker, Silvia Taroni, Gian F. Giudice, Ph. Lebrun, Johann A. Briffa, T. Risselada, Giuseppe Lerner, A. Lechner, L. S. Miralles, M. Kuze, J. M. Valet, P. S. B. Dev, S. Holleis, Ph. Schwemling, M. Biglietti, S. Banerjee, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, A. Sanz Ull, V. Tikhomirov, S. Savelyeva, Jiayin Gu, D. Zhou, Federico Ravotti, S. A. Bogacz, Daniele Mirarchi, R. Tomás García, Yann Coadou, F. Yu, Y. Cai, T. Lari, F. Holdener, D. Shwartz, C. Bhat, Ramesh Gupta, Markus Klute, E. Palmieri, P. Collier, Branislav Sitar, Yves Sirois, Livio Fanò, S. Rojas-Torres, E. Locci, Ruben Garcia Alia, I. Božović Jelisavić, R. Chehab, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Pasquali, A. Di Cicco, Bernhard Auchmann, Klaus Heinemann, Alessia Tricomi, D. Lucchesi, B. Haerer, M. Morrone, Paolo Giacomelli, Sonia Carra, A. Senol, Ivan Koop, Luca Silvestrini, Anna Stakia, Heather Gray, E. Skordis, A. D. Kovalenko, Paul Langacker, R. Li, Bernardo Bordini, R. Rata, Arjan Verweij, Shehu S. AbdusSalam, Andrey Karyukhin, U. van Rienen, Gianluigi Arduini, Bernhard Holzer, S. A. Nikitin, S. S. Kozub, Satoshi Mishima, B. Di Micco, S. Izquierdo Bermudez, N. Pukhaeva, Nigel Watson, F. Prino, Jean-Michel Sallese, Sotirios Vlachos, Alessandro Vicini, A. Valassi, Daniel Treille, F. Dordei, A. M. Fernandez Navarro, B. Dziewit, Marcello Abbrescia, J. M. Hauptman, I. Chaikovska, Paolo Giubellino, Michael J. Baker, V.V. Kashikhin, Friedrich Lackner, Filippo Sala, A. Langner, D. Pulikowski, H. Eriksson, Matteo Turri, Andrea Wulzer, M. Aiba, Lisa Borgonovi, I. Morozov, V. Haurylavets, J. F. Croteau, S. Boselli, L. A. Gonzalez Gomez, Claudia Tambasco, F. Mahmoudi, Sébastien Descotes-Genon, A. Luciani, Pavel Piminov, M. Varasteh, T. Herzig, Sandra Aumon, Cristina Bernini, Joseph Bramante, Roberta Arnaldi, G. Zick, Daniel Schulte, R. Santoro, Anna Kulesza, I. Turk Cakir, M. Nonis, Silvia Posada Arias, Livia Soffi, T. Wojtoń, E. Cennini, Florian Bauer, B. Rousset, J.-L. Grenard, C. Neubüser, Frederic Derue, Loukas Gouskos, Rainer Wallny, G. Calderini, M. Merk, M. Mühlegger, Roberto Cimino, M. Ramsey-Musolf, P. Rebello Teles, Mario Galanti, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, A. Andreazza, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Masaya Ishino, José W. F. Valle, Colin Bernet, G. Velev, Cristina Botta, E. Fischer, J. Malclés, Giuseppe Montenero, Tripurari Srivastava, E. Renner, Shahnam Gorgi Zadeh, D. Cantore-Cavalli, Paul Laycock, J. Komppula, Simon C. Hopkins, Helmut Burkhardt, Eric Lancon, I. Aichinger, Andre Sznajder, F. Bordry, Massimo Giovannozzi, Aidan Robson, Anna Giunta, A. Carvalho, S. Farinon, Daniel Wollmann, M. Fouaidy, Martti Raidal, R. Gerard, Giovanni Volpini, U. Niedermayer, A. Alekou, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Andrzej Siodmok, U. Kaya, Matthias Schott, Marumi Kado, S. A. Arsenyev, José Zurita, John Osborne, Patrick Meade, Gianmarco Bovone, G. Li, Klaus Schlenga, Antti Stenvall, D. Duellmann, Werner Riegler, I. Garzia, Yasuyuki Okumura, G. Pikurs, F. Maltoni, Massimo Sorbi, M. Arzeo, B. Strauss, Y. W. Baek, Mauro Chiesa, K. Ilyina-Brunner, Javier L. Albacete, R. Farinelli, C. Pes, Nicolas Morange, S. M. Zernov, U. Wagner, Emmanuelle Perez, G. G. Da Silveira, J. Neundorf, Néstor Armesto, T. Hahn, Roman N. Lee, Roderik Bruce, B. Y. Sharkov, T. du Pree, G. Cibinetto, Evelin Meoni, R. Rinaldesi, James A. Ellison, Radim Slovak, Silvia Franchino, Mikko Laine, T. Pugnat, S. P. Das, Yuji Enari, Emanuela Barzi, Cihan Bayindir, R. Boels, Jana Faltova, M. Moreno Llácer, Scott A. Yost, Michael Spannowsky, Florian Burkart, Marcin Chrzaszcz, K. Suzuki, Luca Trentadue, S. Masciocchi, Gilad Perez, Steve Peggs, K. Sugita, Eleonora Belli, Carmine Senatore, K. Y. Oyulmaz, Aldo Deandrea, Irakli Minashvili, Desmond P. Barber, M. I. Martínez-Hernández, A. Apyan, S. Petracca, Mikael Chala, Urs Achim Wiedemann, T. Sian, Olivier Deschamps, R. Monge, G. Avrillaud, Jan Kieseler, Hubert Spiesberger, J. Maitre, G. D. Shirkov, M. Hofer, Emanuela Sirtori, Sinan Kuday, Kirill Skovpen, Sara Casalbuoni, Johann Usovitsch, N. Chen, G. Tejeda-Muñoz, F. Bellini, E. Chyhyrynets, Michael Stöger-Pollach, M. Vogel, J. G. Mendes Saraiva, A. Rivetti, M. Podeur, Luc Poggioli, V. A. Gromov, R. Sirvinskaite, S. B. Leith, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Tony Price, Philippe Mermod, Rabindra N. Mohapatra, T. Mitshuhashi, Koji Terashi, Leonel Ferreira, L. Vale Silva, N. Muchnoi, J. L. Stanyard, Thomas Marriott-Dodington, A. Andriatis, Oleg Solovyanov, A. Daljevec, A. Butterworth, S. Myers, D. Chanal, Tatiana Pieloni, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, G. Nardini, D. Boscherini, Kazuhito Ohmi, James Molson, S. Kowalski, Christoph Haberstroh, Martin Aleksa, K. Kershaw, M. Mulder, Leonid Rivkin, G. Vorotnikov, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, J. Kalinowski, Michele Cascella, Francesco Giffoni, Alessandro Polini, Georges Azuelos, M. Prioli, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, S. K. Patra, H. J. He, J. J. Aguilera-Verdugo, Hannu Paukkunen, P. Chomaz, Shoji Asai, Nicolas Magnin, Gavin P. Salam, R. Wang, F. Avino, Alexander Romanenko, A. Rossi, Steve Muanza, Richard Ruiz, Dmitry Teytelman, S. Klöppel, S. Atieh, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, L. Apolinario, Andrea Tesi, M. Maggiora, A. Falkowski, Janusz Gluza, M. Sauvain, Hamzeh Khanpour, S. Chance, Ansgar Denner, Ma. Greco, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Manuela Boscolo, Joydeep Chakrabortty, E. Franco, R. R. Bosley, G. Peón, Fred Olness, Simone Alioli, Andrea Gaddi, M. K. Sullivan, M. Segreti, M. Panareo, Florian Goertz, Z. G. Zhao, H. Chanal, O. Martin, P. Azzurri, Agnieszka Chmielinska, M. Kordiaczyńska, O. Brunner, J. Von Ahnen, Jose Santiago, K. Foraz, Y. Alexahin, Marcello Mannelli, Christian Schwanenberger, S. Ganjour, Simone Marzani, T. M. Taylor, S. Di Vita, J. Womersley, I. Karpov, Valentina Morretta, Saverio D'Auria, Patrick Draper, B. Hacışahinoğlu, E. Gorini, Andrew J. Long, S. La Mendola, G. Zevi Dell Porta, I. Abdyukhanov, M. Cobal, Luca Marzola, E. Rochepault, A. Kusina, German Rodrigo, R. Schmidt, Jan Steggemann, E. Premat, P. Slavich, F. Gianotti, P. Jarry, Ram Krishna Dewanjee, L. Felsberger, T. Martinez, A. Niemi, Jürgen Reuter, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Ryu Sawada, J. T. Childers, Gelsomina Catalano, P. Barjhoux, O. R. Blanco-García, Pilar Hernández, H. Correia-Rodrigues, V. Ippolito, S. De Curtis, Juan Rojo, Ayberk Yilmaz, S. Baird, Morteza Khatiri Yanehsari, Enrico Scomparin, Daniel Appelö, J. Kozaczuk, Matthew Jones, B. Caiffi, C. Del Bo, Susanna Guiducci, Giuliano Panico, M. Knecht, J. Coupard, M. Ciuchini, H. Kritscher, Claire Gwenlan, P. Costa Pinto, Thibaut Lefèvre, N. Bellegarde, Christian Scheuerlein, P. Ferreira da Silva, M. Verducci, X. Ruan, H. Pikhartova, Juan M. O'Callaghan, Kazuro Furukawa, D. Saez de Jauregui, Maria Rescigno, Stephan Eisenhardt, Andrea Dainese, Z. Drásal, G. H. Corral, J. M. Camalich, John Ellis, E. Gabrielli, L. Rumyantsev, A. Caliskan, K. Brunner, K. Tang, P. Sopicki, J. Fan, Marcin Kucharczyk, S. Gorgi Zadeh, Carlos A. Salgado, Simone Bologna, Y. Muttoni, A. Chancé, Patrick Jenny, Mark Boland, G. Yang, G. Wilkinson, Roger J. Hernández-Pinto, M. Novák, Gennady Stupakov, E. Jensen, Lance D. Cooley, Torbjörn Sjöstrand, S. Su, Matthew Luzum, J. Casas, Per Osland, T. Robens, Oscar A. Sampayo, Evgeny Levichev, P. N. Ratoff, G. Rolandi, M. A. Valdivia Garcia, Anthony Keith Morley, L. van Riesen-Haupt, A. Sublet, M. A. Mazzoni, J.L. Gutierrez, A. Abramov, Abbas Kenan Ciftci, A. Provino, L. Delle Rose, John Fox, Barry M. Dillon, V. Smirnov, G. N. Taylor, Anke-Susanne Müller, C. Pira, Fulvio Piccinini, A. Faus-Golfe, Pietro Antonioli, S. Sanfilippo, Julien Cogan, A. Ribon, Andrew Hutton, Frank Zimmermann, Lev Dudko, Erez Etzion, J. Polinski, G. Bencivenni, M. Gil Costa, L. K. Gladilin, Yannis Papaphilippou, Michael Spira, Maria Paola Lombardo, M. Fiascaris, Darius A. Faroughy, S. O. Kara, Peter Braun-Munzinger, A. Wohlfahrt, A. A. Krasnov, S.A. Gourlay, W. Da Silva, Jacqueline Keintzel, Radja Boughezal, Renat Sadykov, L. R. Sulak, Valentin V. Khoze, T. Tydecks, S. Puławski, Daniel de Florian, Pedro Schwaller, A. Akay, Nicola Serra, Sukanta Dutta, Christophe Royon, Alessandro Ricci, A. Kuendig, C. G. Honorato, K. Kołodziej, L. Deniau, Michael Kramer, J. Ferradas Troitino, A. Arbey, A. M. Staśto, Marcel Demarteau, Ralph Aßmann, O. Grimm, D. Forkel-Wirth, Owain Rhodri Jones, A. M. Kolano, G. Chiarello, William Trischuk, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Elisabetta Gallo, H. Song, Frank Petriello, N. Ibarrola, C. Colldelram, A. I. Ryazanov, A. Meier, Phillip Allport, J. de Blas, S. Chattopadhyay, Massimo Florio, X. Jiang, Bertrand Baudouy, T. Otto, Tevong You, Christoph Englert, Roberto Pittau, G. M. Bilei, Matthew McCullough, N. S. Ramírez-Uribe, J. Charles, Amalia Ballarino, Federico Antinori, A. V. Kotwal, P. Le Guen, Berndt Müller, Chiara Roda, Xavier Buffat, D. K. Hong, Matthias Liepe, G. Gorine, V. A. Okorokov, D. Bozzini, N. Simand, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, C. Marquet, R. Contino, A. M. Teixeira, R. Trant, Roberto Losito, M. Quispe, Valery I. Telnov, Helga Timko, D. Lissauer, Giulio Aielli, Giorgio Chiarelli, M. J. Baldwin, A. Winter, X. Sarasola, E. E. Boos, Aleandro Nisati, Cedric Garion, Monica D'Onofrio, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, Daniele Barducci, G. Rosaz, Nathaniel Craig, L. D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, A. Falou, A. Henriques, Tobias Hurth, Michael Eisterer, Andreas Grau, Austin Ball, D. Delikaris, P. A. McIntosh, E. Graverini, Kadri Ozdemir, F. Valchkova, Marco Zanetti, Guenakh Mitselmakher, S. Albergo, Peter Levai, Caterina Vernieri, F. Stivanello, Michael Barnes, Henri Bachacou, Daniel Fournier, L. T. Wang, D. Boutin, S. Moretti, B. Riemann, Michael Murray, Aleksandr Azatov, C. T. A. Cook, Valentina Maria Cairo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, H. Schmickler, M. Schenk, Georgios Voutsinas, André Schöning, S. G. Bondarenko, Giorgio Bellomo, Andrei Seryi, Jane Nachtman, Clement Helsens, E. De Lucia, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Z. Townsend, B. Dalena, Mogens Dam, Yasar Onel, Yi-Ming Zhong, B. Curé, A. A. Kolomiets, A. M. Valente-Feliciano, Laurette Ponce, David Olivier Jamin, P. Krkotic, Alexandre Louzguiti, Marina Putti, Holger Podlech, Petr Volkov, M. Angelucci, F. Duval, I. Hiekkanen, W. M. Yao, Giancarlo Ferrera, C. Lorin, Y. Dydyshka, Kurt R. Peters, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, V. Vysotsky, V. Arı, E. Pilicer, M. Chamizo-Llatas, G. Kuhlmann, Hans Quack, R. Valizadeh, Tiina Salmi, Thomas Kramer, Adam Jeff, A. Abada, J. M. Duval, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Leveratto, E. Tal Hod, X. Wu, Laurent Serin, Sarah Aull, Samuele Mariotto, A. Poiron, Sabine Riemann, P. Selva, V. I. Pantsyrny, Gianluca Valentino, K. Kahle, S. Aune, K. Potamianos, Eros Cazzato, M. Giovannetti, Petr Mandrik, S. Sidorov, F. Collamati, Simone Gilardoni, S. Bertolucci, Alexander V. Zlobin, Mehmet Sahin, Marco Delmastro, G. Aydın, A. Doblhammer, Alan S. Cornell, S. J. De Jong, M. Caccia, M. Lueckhof, P. Sollander, Mauro Taborelli, J. Shelton, Frank Gerigk, Robert Rimmer, Ayres Freitas, Pierluigi Bruzzone, Brajesh K. Singh, K. Keppel, N. Alipour Tehrani, C. Prasse, Louis Rinolfi, Emma Slade, W. Flieger, Alexey Dudarev, H. J. Yang, T. Köttig, L. Mether, C. Weiland, Andrea Malagoli, Sunghoon Jung, F. Conventi, I. Tropin, G. H. A. Viehhauser, Tomas Davidek, Y. O. Günaydin, Daniel Andreas Britzger, F. Toral, James John Brooke, R. Steerenberg, G. Morello, Mauro Migliorati, Alexej Grudiev, C. Tetrel, Wolfgang Höfle, J. V. Minervini, L. García Tabarés, V. Yermolchik, Claude Guyot, D. Guadagnoli, Giorgio Vallone, N. De Filippis, Oleksii Beznosov, P. Charitos, N. Schwerg, Ahmed Hammad, P. Manil, F. Niccoli, Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard, R. Aleksan, K. Hahn, P. Meridiani, Peter Skands, Tobias Golling, Lucio Rossi, G. Gobbi, Michael Hance, A. J. Barr, V. Del Duca, V. Guzey, M. Pont, Michele Selvaggi, Oliver Brüning, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, A. Drago, Y. Zhang, Giovanni Punzi, Viktor Matveev, Anadi Canepa, Clemens Lange, B. L. Militsyn, Martijn Mulders, Max Klein, V. D’Auria, M. Mylona, Valeria Braccini, S. DasBakshi, David Calvet, Sophia Borowka, David Marzocca, S. Jadach, A. A. Pankov, Christophe Ochando, A. A. Tudora, I. Masina, Jure Zupan, A. Preinerstorfer, Benjamin Fuks, H. K. Soltveit, G. Rolando, E.E. Perepelkin, T. G. Rizzo, Saleh Sultansoy, Federico Roncarolo, K. Elsener, R. Q. Pan, P. Zhuang, David Attié, Jac Perez, K. Kravalis, F. Anulli, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, S. Malvezzi, Steffen A. Bass, E. La Francesca, Heinz Pernegger, K. Grzanka, M. T. Tiirakari, Alberto Ventura, Alessandro Cerri, Marco Peruzzi, Eric Montesinos, O. Etisken, F. Grancagnolo, S. Kartal, H. Humer, Oliver Fischer, M. Primavera, Marco Toliman Lucchini, P. Vedrine, Felix Kling, M. Altınlı, Sergio Calatroni, C. 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Zurita, J, Işık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Işık University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Bayındır, Cihan, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones, Abada A., Abbrescia M., AbdusSalam S.S., Abdyukhanov I., Abelleira Fernandez J., Abramov A., Aburaia M., Acar A.O., Adzic P.R., Agrawal P., Aguilar-Saavedra J.A., Aguilera-Verdugo J.J., Aiba M., Aichinger I., Aielli G., Akay A., Akhundov A., Aksakal H., Albacete J.L., Albergo S., Alekou A., Aleksa M., Aleksan R., Alemany Fernandez R.M., Alexahin Y., Alia R.G., Alioli S., Alipour Tehrani N., Allanach B.C., Allport P.P., Altinli M., Altmannshofer W., Ambrosio G., Amorim D., Amstutz O., Anderlini L., Andreazza A., Andreini M., Andriatis A., Andris C., Andronic A., Angelucci M., Antinori F., Antipov S.A., Antonelli M., Antonello M., Antonioli P., Antusch S., Anulli F., Apolinario L., Apollinari G., Apollonio A., Appelo D., Appleby R.B., Apyan A., Arbey A., Arbuzov A., Arduini G., Ari V., Arias S., Armesto N., Arnaldi R., Arsenyev S.A., Arzeo M., Asai S., Aslanides E., Assmann R.W., Astapovych D., Atanasov M., Atieh S., Attie D., Auchmann B., Audurier A., Aull S., Aumon S., Aune S., Avino F., Avrillaud G., Aydin G., Azatov A., Azuelos G., Azzi P., Azzolini O., Azzurri P., Bacchetta N., Bacchiocchi E., Bachacou H., Baek Y.W., Baglin V., Bai Y., Baird S., Baker M.J., Baldwin M.J., Ball A.H., Ballarino A., Banerjee S., Barber D.P., Barducci D., Barjhoux P., Barna D., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnes M.J., Barr A., Barranco Garcia J., Barreiro Guimaraes da Costa J., Bartmann W., Baryshevsky V., Barzi E., Bass S.A., Bastianin A., Baudouy B., Bauer F., Bauer M., Baumgartner T., Bautista-Guzman I., Bayindir C., Beaudette F., Bedeschi F., Beguin M., Bellafont I., Bellagamba L., Bellegarde N., Belli E., Bellingeri E., Bellini F., Bellomo G., Belomestnykh S., Bencivenni G., Benedikt M., Bernardi G., Bernardi J., Bernet C., Bernhardt J.M., Bernini C., Berriaud C., Bertarelli A., Bertolucci S., Besana M.I., Besancon M., Beznosov O., Bhat P., Bhat C., Biagini M.E., Biarrotte J.-L., Bibet Chevalier A., Bielert E.R., Biglietti M., Bilei G.M., Bilki B., Biscari C., Bishara F., Blanco-Garcia O.R., Blanquez F.R., Blekman F., Blondel A., Blumlein J., Boccali T., Boels R., Bogacz S.A., Bogomyagkov A., Boine-Frankenheim O., Boland M.J., Bologna S., Bolukbasi O., Bomben M., Bondarenko S., Bonvini M., Boos E., Bordini B., Bordry F., Borghello G., Borgonovi L., Borowka S., Bortoletto D., Boscherini D., Boscolo M., Boselli S., Bosley R.R., Bossu F., Botta C., Bottura L., Boughezal R., Boutin D., Bovone G., Bozovic Jelisavic I., Bozbey A., Bozzi C., Bozzini D., Braccini V., Braibant-Giacomelli S., Bramante J., Braun-Munzinger P., Briffa J.A., Britzger D., Brodsky S.J., Brooke J.J., Bruce R., Bruckman De Renstrom P., Bruna E., Bruning O., Brunner O., Brunner K., Bruzzone P., Buffat X., Bulyak E., Burkart F., Burkhardt H., Burnet J.-P., Butin F., Buttazzo D., Butterworth A., Caccia M., Cai Y., Caiffi B., Cairo V., Cakir O., Calaga R., Calatroni S., Calderini G., Calderola G., Caliskan A., Calvet D., Calviani M., Camalich J.M., Camarri P., Campanelli M., Camporesi T., Canbay A.C., Canepa A., Cantergiani E., Cantore-Cavalli D., Capeans M., Cardarelli R., Cardella U., Cardini A., Carloni Calame C.M., Carra F., Carra S., Carvalho A., Casalbuoni S., Casas J., Cascella M., Castelnovo P., Castorina G., Catalano G., Cavasinni V., Cazzato E., Cennini E., Cerri A., Cerutti F., Cervantes J., Chaikovska I., Chakrabortty J., Chala M., Chamizo-Llatas M., Chanal H., Chanal D., Chance S., Chance A., Charitos P., Charles J., Charles T.K., Chattopadhyay S., Chehab R., Chekanov S.V., Chen N., Chernoded A., Chetvertkova V., Chevalier L., Chiarelli G., Chiarello G., Chiesa M., Chiggiato P., Childers J.T., Chmielinska A., Cholakian A., Chomaz P., Chorowski M., Chou W., Chrzaszcz M., Chyhyrynets E., Cibinetto G., Ciftci A.K., Ciftci R., Cimino R., Ciuchini M., Clark P.J., Coadou Y., Cobal M., Coccaro A., Cogan J., Cogneras E., Collamati F., Colldelram C., Collier P., Collot J., Contino R., Conventi F., Cook C.T.A., Cooley L., Corcella G., Cornell A.S., Corral G.H., Correia-Rodrigues H., Costanza F., Costa Pinto P., Couderc F., Coupard J., Craig N., Crespo Garrido I., Crivellin A., Croteau J.F., Crouch M., Cruz Alaniz E., Cure B., Curti J., Curtin D., Czech M., Dachauer C., D'Agnolo R.T., Daibo M., Dainese A., Dalena B., Daljevec A., Dallapiazza W., D'Aloia Schwartzentruber L., Dam M., D'Ambrosio G., Das S.P., DasBakshi S., da Silva W., da Silveira G.G., D'Auria V., D'Auria S., David A., Davidek T., Deandrea A., de Blas J., Debono C.J., De Curtis S., De Filippis N., de Florian D., Deghaye S., de Jong S.J., Del Bo C., Del Duca V., Delikaris D., Deliot F., Dell'Acqua A., Delle Rose L., Delmastro M., De Lucia E., Demarteau M., Denegri D., Deniau L., Denisov D., Denizli H., Denner A., d'Enterria D., de Rijk G., De Roeck A., Derue F., Deschamps O., Descotes-Genon S., Dev P.S.B., de Vivie de Regie J.B., Dewanjee R.K., Di Ciaccio A., Di Cicco A., Dillon B.M., Di Micco B., Di Nezza P., Di Vita S., Doblhammer A., Dominjon A., D'Onofrio M., Dordei F., Drago A., Draper P., Drasal Z., Drewes M., Duarte L., Dubovyk I., Duda P., Dudarev A., Dudko L., Duellmann D., Dunser M., du Pree T., Durante M., Duran Yildiz H., Dutta S., Duval F., Duval J.M., Dydyshka Y., Dziewit B., Eisenhardt S., Eisterer M., Ekelof T., El Khechen D., Ellis S.A., Ellis J., Ellison J.A., Elsener K., Elsing M., Enari Y., Englert C., Eriksson H., Eskola K.J., Esposito L.S., Etisken O., Etzion E., Fabbricatore P., Falkowski A., Falou A., Faltova J., Fan J., Fano L., Farilla A., Farinelli R., Farinon S., Faroughy D.A., Fartoukh S.D., Faus-Golfe A., Fawcett W.J., Felici G., Felsberger L., Ferdeghini C., Fernandez Navarro A.M., Fernandez-Tellez A., Ferradas Troitino J., Ferrara G., Ferrari R., Ferreira L., Ferreira da Silva P., Ferrera G., Ferro F., Fiascaris M., Fiorendi S., Fiorio C., Fischer O., Fischer E., Flieger W., Florio M., Fonnesu D., Fontanesi E., Foppiani N., Foraz K., Forkel-Wirth D., Forte S., Fouaidy M., Fournier D., Fowler T., Fox J., Francavilla P., Franceschini R., Franchino S., Franco E., Freitas A., Fuks B., Furukawa K., Furuseth S.V., Gabrielli E., Gaddi A., Galanti M., Gallo E., Ganjour S., Gao J., Garcia Diaz V., Garcia Perez M., Garcia Tabares L., Garion C., Garzelli M.V., Garzia I., Gascon-Shotkin S.M., Gaudio G., Gay P., Ge S.-F., Gehrmann T., Genest M.H., Gerard R., Gerigk F., Gerwig H., Giacomelli P., Giagu S., Gianfelice-Wendt E., Gianotti F., Giffoni F., Gilardoni S.S., Gil Costa M., Giovannetti M., Giovannozzi M., Giubellino P., Giudice G.F., Giunta A., Gladilin L.K., Glukhov S., Gluza J., Gobbi G., Goddard B., Goertz F., Golling T., Goncalves V.P., Goncalo R., Gonzalez Gomez L.A., Gorgi Zadeh S., Gorine G., Gorini E., Gourlay S.A., Gouskos L., Grancagnolo F., Grassellino A., Grau A., Graverini E., Gray H.M., Greco M., Grenard J.-L., Grimm O., Grojean C., Gromov V.A., Grosse-Oetringhaus J.F., Grudiev A., Grzanka K., Gu J., Guadagnoli D., Guidi V., Guiducci S., Guillermo Canton G., Gunaydin Y.O., Gupta R., Gupta R.S., Gutierrez J., Gutleber J., Guyot C., Guzey V., Gwenlan C., Haberstroh C., Hacisahinoglu B., Haerer B., Hahn K., Hahn T., Hammad A., Han C., Hance M., Hannah A., Harris P.C., Hati C., Haug S., Hauptman J., Haurylavets V., He H.-J., Hegglin A., Hegner B., Heinemann K., Heinemeyer S., Helsens C., Henriques A., Hernandez P., Hernandez-Pinto R.J., Hernandez-Sanchez J., Herzig T., Hiekkanen I., Hillert W., Hoehn T., Hofer M., Hofle W., Holdener F., Holleis S., Holzer B., Hong D.K., Honorato C.G., Hopkins S.C., Hrdinka J., Hug F., Humann B., Humer H., Hurth T., Hutton A., Iacobucci G., Ibarrola N., Iconomidou-Fayard L., Ilyina-Brunner K., Incandela J., Infantino A., Ippolito V., Ishino M., Islam R., Ita H., Ivanovs A., Iwamoto S., Iyer A., Izquierdo Bermudez S., Jadach S., Jamin D.O., Janot P., Jarry P., Jeff A., Jenny P., Jensen E., Jensen M., Jiang X., Jimenez J.M., Jones M.A., Jones O.R., Jowett J.M., Jung S., Kaabi W., Kado M., Kahle K., Kalinovskaya L., Kalinowski J., Kamenik J.F., Kannike K., Kara S.O., Karadeniz H., Karaventzas V., Karpov I., Kartal S., Karyukhin A., Kashikhin V., Katharina Behr J., Kaya U., Keintzel J., Keinz P.A., Keppel K., Kersevan R., Kershaw K., Khanpour H., Khatibi S., Khatiri Yanehsari M., Khoze V.V., Kieseler J., Kilic A., Kilpinen A., Kim Y.-K., Kim D.W., Klein U., Klein M., Kling F., Klinkenberg N., Kloppel S., Klute M., Klyukhin V.I., Knecht M., Kniehl B., Kocak F., Koeberl C., Kolano A.M., Kollegger A., Kolodziej K., Kolomiets A.A., Komppula J., Koop I., Koppenburg P., Koratzinos M., Kordiaczynska M., Korjik M., Kortner O., Kostka P., Kotlarski W., Kotnig C., Kottig T., Kotwal A.V., Kovalenko A.D., Kowalski S., Kozaczuk J., Kozlov G.A., Kozub S.S., Krainer A.M., Kramer T., Kramer M., Krammer M., Krasnov A.A., Krauss F., Kravalis K., Kretzschmar L., Kriske R.M., Kritscher H., Krkotic P., Kroha H., Kucharczyk M., Kuday S., Kuendig A., Kuhlmann G., Kulesza A., Kumar M., Kusina A., Kuttimalai S., Kuze M., Kwon T., Lackner F., Lackner M., La Francesca E., Laine M., Lamanna G., La Mendola S., Lancon E., Landsberg G., Langacker P., Lange C., Langner A., Lankford A.J., Lansberg J.P., Lari T., Laycock P.J., Lebrun P., Lechner A., Lee K., Lee S., Lee R., Lefevre T., Le Guen P., Lehtinen T., Leith S.B., Lenzi P., Leogrande E., Leonidopoulos C., Leon-Monzon I., Lerner G., Leroy O., Lesiak T., Levai P., Leveratto A., Levichev E., Li G., Li S., Li R., Liberati D., Liepe M., Lissauer D.A., Liu Z., Lobko A., Locci E., Logothetis Agaliotis E., Lombardo M.P., Long A.J., Lorin C., Losito R., Louzguiti A., Low I., Lucchesi D., Lucchini M.T., Luciani A., Lueckhof M., Lunt A.J.G., Luzum M., Lyubimtsev D.A., Maggiora M., Magnin N., Mahmoud M.A., Mahmoudi F., Maitre J., Makarenko V., Malagoli A., Malcles J., Malgeri L., Mallon P.J., Maltoni F., Malvezzi S., Malyshev O.B., Mancinelli G., Mandrik P., Manfrinetti P., Mangano M., Manil P., Mannelli M., Marchiori G., Marhauser F., Mariani V., Marinozzi V., Mariotto S., Marquard P., Marquet C., Marriott-Dodington T., Martin R., Martin O., Martin Camalich J., Martinez T., Martinez Bruzual H., Martinez-Hernandez M.I., Martins D.E., Marzani S., Marzocca D., Marzola L., Masciocchi S., Masina I., Massimiliano A., Massironi A., Masubuchi T., Matveev V.A., Mazzoni M.A., McCullough M., McIntosh P.A., Meade P., Medina L., Meier A., Meignan J., Mele B., Mendes Saraiva J.G., Menez F., Mentink M., Meoni E., Meridiani P., Merk M., Mermod P., Mertens V., Mether L., Metral E., Migliorati M., Milanese A., Milardi C., Milhano G., Militsyn B.L., Millet F., Minashvili I., Minervini J.V., Miralles L.S., Mirarchi D., Mishima S., Missiaen D.P., Mitselmakher G., Mitshuhashi T., Mnich J., Mohammadi Najafabadi M., Mohapatra R.N., Mokhov N., Molson J.G., Monge R., Montag C., Montagna G., Monteil S., Montenero G., Montesinos E., Moortgat F., Morange N., Morello G., Moreno Llacer M., Moretti M., Moretti S., Morley A.K., Moros A., Morozov I., Morretta V., Morrone M., Mostacci A., Muanza S., Muchnoi N., Muhlegger M., Mulder M., Mulders M., Muller B., Muller F., Muller A.-S., Munilla J., Murray M.J., Muttoni Y., Myers S., Mylona M., Nachtman J., Nakamoto T., Nardecchia M., Nardini G., Nason P., Nergiz Z., Nesterenko A.V., Netto J.A., Nettstrater A., Neubuser C., Neundorf J., Niccoli F., Nicrosini O., Nie Y., Niedermayer U., Niedziela J., Niemi A., Nikitin S.A., Nisati A., No J.M., Nonis M., Nosochkov Y., Novak M., Novokhatski A., O'Callaghan J.M., Ochando C., Ogur S., Ohmi K., Oide K., Okorokov V.A., Okumura Y., Oleari C., Olness F.I., Onel Y., Ortino M., Osborne J., Osland P., Otto T., Oyulmaz K.Y., Ozansoy A., Ozcan V., Ozdemir K., Pagliarone C.E., Pais da Silva H.F., Palmieri E., Palumbo L., Pampaloni A., Pan R.-Q., Panareo M., Panella O., Panico G., Panizzo G., Pankov A.A., Pantsyrny V., Papadopoulos C.G., Papaefstathiou A., Papaphilippou Y., Parker M.A., Parma V., Pasquali M., Patra S.K., Patterson R., Paukkunen H., Pauss F., Peggs S., Penttinen J.-P., Peon G., Perepelkin E.E., Perez E., Perez J.C., Perez G., Perez F., Perez Codina E., Perez Morales J., Perfilov M., Pernegger H., Peruzzi M., Pes C., Peters K., Petracca S., Petriello F., Pezzotti L., Pfeiffer S., Piccinini F., Pieloni T., Pierini M., Pikhartova H., Pikurs G., Pilicer E., Piminov P., Pira C., Pittau R., Placzek W., Plagge M., Plehn T., Pleier M.-A., Ploskon M., Podeur M., Podlech H., Podzorny T., Poggioli L., Poiron A., Polesello G., Poli Lener M., Polini A., Polinski J., Polozov S.M., Ponce L., Pont M., Pontecorvo L., Portaluri T., Potamianos K., Prasse C., Prausa M., Preinerstorfer A., Premat E., Price T., Primavera M., Prino F., Prioli M., Proudfoot J., Provino A., Pugnat T., Pukhaeva N., Pulawski S., Pulikowski D., Punzi G., Putti M., Pyarelal A., Quack H., Quispe M., Racioppi A., Rafique H., Raginel V., Raidal M., Ramirez-Uribe N.S., Ramsey-Musolf M.J., Rata R., Ratoff P., Ravotti F., Rebello Teles P., Reboud M., Redaelli S., Renner E., Renteria-Olivo A.E., Rescigno M., Reuter J., Ribon A., Ricci A.M., Riegler W., Riemann S., Riemann B., Riemann T., Rifflet J.M., Rimmer R.A., Rinaldesi R., Rinolfi L., Rios Rubiras O., Risselada T., Rivetti A., Rivkin L., Rizzo T., Robens T., Robert F., Robson A.J., Rochepault E., Roda C., Rodrigo G., Rodriguez-Cahuantzi M., Rogan C., Roig M., Rojas-Torres S., Rojo J., Rolandi G., Rolando G., Roloff P., Romanenko A., Romanov A., Roncarolo F., Rosado Sanchez A., Rosaz G., Rossi L., Rossi A., Rossmanith R., Rousset B., Royon C., Ruan X., Ruehl I., Ruhlmann-Kleider V., Ruiz R., Rumyantsev L., Ruprecht R., Ryazanov A.I., Saba A., Sadykov R., Saez de Jauregui D., Sahin M., Sailer B., Saito M., Sala F., Salam G.P., Salfeld-Nebgen J., Salgado C.A., Salini S., Sallese J.M., Salmi T., Salzburger A., Sampayo O.A., Sanfilippo S., Santiago J., Santopinto E., Santoro R., Sanz Ull A., Sarasola X., Sarpun I.H., Sauvain M., Savelyeva S., Sawada R., Sborlini G.F.R., Schaffer A., Schaumann M., Schenk M., Scheuerlein C., Schienbein I., Schlenga K., Schmickler H., Schmidt R., Schoerling D., Schoning A., Schorner-Sadenius T., Schott M., Schulte D., Schwaller P., Schwanenberger C., Schwemling P., Schwerg N., Scibile L., Sciuto A., Scomparin E., Sebastiani C., Seeber B., Segreti M., Selva P., Selvaggi M., Senatore C., Senol A., Serin L., Serluca M., Serra N., Seryi A., Sestini L., Sfyrla A., Shaposhnikov M., Shaposhnikova E., Sharkov B.Y., Shatilov D., Shelton J., Shiltsev V., Shipsey I.P., Shirkov G.D., Shivaji A., Shwartz D., Sian T., Sidorov S., Siemko A., Silvestrini L., Simand N., Simon F., Singh B.K., Siodmok A., Sirois Y., Sirtori E., Sirvinskaite R., Sitar B., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Skordis E., Skovpen K., Skrzypek M., Slade E., Slavich P., Slovak R., Smaluk V., Smirnov V., Snoeys W., Soffi L., Sollander P., Solovyanov O., Soltveit H.K., Song H., Sopicki P., Sorbi M., Spallino L., Spannowsky M., Spataro B., Sphicas P., Spiesberger H., Spiller P., Spira M., Srivastava T., Stachel J., Stakia A., Stanyard J.L., Starchenko E., Starikov A.Y., Stasto A.M., Statera M., Steerenberg R., Steggemann J., Stenvall A., Stivanello F., Stockinger D., Stoel L.S., Stoger-Pollach M., Strauss B., Stuart M., Stupakov G., Su S., Sublet A., Sugita K., Sulak L., Sullivan M.K., Sultansoy S., Sumida T., Suzuki K., Sylva G., Syphers M.J., Sznajder A., Taborelli M., Tahir N.A., Takeuchi M., Tal Hod E., Tambasco C., Tanaka J., Tang K., Tapan I., Taroni S., Tartarelli G.F., Tassielli G., Tavian L., Taylor T.M., Taylor G.N., Teixeira A.M., Tejeda-Munoz G., Telnov V.I., Tenchini R., ten Kate H.H.J., Terashi K., Tesi A., Testa M., Tetrel C., Teytelman D., Thaler J., Thamm A., Thomas S., Tiirakari M.T., Tikhomirov V., Tikhonov D., Timko H., Tisserand V., Tkachenko L.M., Tkaczuk J., Tock J.P., Todd B., Todesco E., Tomas Garcia R., Tommasini D., Tonelli G., Toral F., Torims T., Torre R., Townsend Z., Trant R., Treille D., Trentadue L., Tricoli A., Tricomi A., Trischuk W., Tropin I.S., Tuchming B., Tudora A.A., Turbiarz B., Turk Cakir I., Turri M., Tydecks T., Usovitsch J., Uythoven J., Vaglio R., Valassi A., Valchkova F., Valdivia Garcia M.A., Valente P., Valente R.U., Valente-Feliciano A.-M., Valentino G., Vale Silva L., Valet J.M., Valizadeh R., Valle J.W.F., Vallecorsa S., Vallone G., van Leeuwen M., van Rienen U.H., van Riesen-Haupt L., Varasteh M., Vecchi L., Vedrine P., Velev G., Veness R., Ventura A., Venturini Delsolaro W., Verducci M., Verhaaren C.B., Vernieri C., Verweij A.P., Verwilligen O., Viazlo O., Vicini A., Viehhauser G., Vignaroli N., Vignolo M., Vitrano A., Vivarelli I., Vlachos S., Vogel M., Vogt D.M., Volkl V., Volkov P., Volpini G., von Ahnen J., Vorotnikov G., Voutsinas G.G., Vysotsky V., Wagner U., Wallny R., Wang L.-T., Wang R., Wang K., Ward B.F.L., Watson T.P., Watson N.K., Ws Z., Weiland C., Weinzierl S., Welsch C.P., Wenninger J., Widorski M., Wiedemann U.A., Wienands H.-U., Wilkinson G., Williams P.H., Winter A., Wohlfahrt A., Wojton T., Wollmann D., Womersley J., Woog D., Wu X., Wulzer A., Yanehsari M.K., Yang G., Yang H.J., Yao W.-M., Yazgan E., Yermolchik V., Yilmaz A., Yoo H.-D., Yost S.A., You T., Young C., Yu T.-T., Yu F., Zaborowska A., Zadeh S.G., Zahnd M., Zanetti M., Zanotto L., Zawiejski L., Zeiler P., Zerlauth M., Zernov S.M., Zevi Dell Porta G., Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhao Z., Zhong Y.-M., Zhou J., Zhou D., Zhuang P., Zick G., Zimmermann F., Zinn-Justin J., Zivkovic L., Zlobin A.V., Zobov M., Zupan J., Zurita J., BAİBÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Denizli, Haluk, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bozbey, Ali, Sultansoy, Saleh, Özdemir, Kadri, Giresun Üniversitesi, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Beam losses, IMPACT, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, EVENT BUILDER, hadron collider, General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, chemistry.chemical_compound, Conceptual design, Colliding beam accelerators, law, HE-LHC, Subatomic Physics, General Materials Science, Hadron colliders, Física::Física de partícules::Hadrons [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider, Acceleradors de partícules, Physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Beams (radiation), Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Upgrade, Impact, collimators, partikkelfysikk, Future Circular Collider, High-Energy, Systems engineering, HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Col·lisionadors d'hadrons, Applied physics, Collimators, Socio-culturale, Fizik, Hadrons, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, HE-LHC physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, beam losses, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, partikkelakselerator, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Niobium-tin, 010306 general physics, Collider, Particle Physics, Beams (radiation) | Collimators | Beam losses, Energies::Energia nuclear [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Colliders (Nuclear physics), Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Event builder, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, chemistry, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Future Colliders
Abstract

Authors: A. AbadaM. AbbresciaS. S. AbdusSalamI. AbdyukhanovJ. Abelleira FernandezA. AbramovM. AburaiaA. O. AcarP. R. AdzicP. AgrawalJ. A. Aguilar-SaavedraJ. J. Aguilera-VerdugoM. AibaI. AichingerG. AielliA. AkayA. AkhundovH. AksakalJ. L. AlbaceteS. AlbergoA. AlekouM. AleksaR. AleksanR. M. Alemany FernandezY. AlexahinR. G. AlíaS. AlioliN. Alipour TehraniB. C. AllanachP. P. AllportM. AltınlıW. AltmannshoferG. AmbrosioD. AmorimO. AmstutzL. AnderliniA. AndreazzaM. AndreiniA. AndriatisC. AndrisA. AndronicM. AngelucciF. AntinoriS. A. AntipovM. AntonelliM. AntonelloP. AntonioliS. AntuschF. AnulliL. ApolinárioG. ApollinariA. ApollonioD. AppelöR. B. ApplebyA. ApyanA. ApyanA. ArbeyA. ArbuzovG. ArduiniV. ArıS. AriasN. ArmestoR. ArnaldiS. A. ArsenyevM. ArzeoS. AsaiE. AslanidesR. W. AßmannD. AstapovychM. AtanasovS. AtiehD. AttiéB. AuchmannA. AudurierS. AullS. AumonS. AuneF. AvinoG. AvrillaudG. AydınA. AzatovG. AzuelosP. AzziO. AzzoliniP. AzzurriN. BacchettaE. BacchiocchiH. BachacouY. W. BaekV. BaglinY. BaiS. BairdM. J. BakerM. J. BaldwinA. H. BallA. BallarinoS. BanerjeeD. P. BarberD. BarducciP. BarjhouxD. BarnaG. G. BarnaföldiM. J. BarnesA. BarrJ. Barranco GarcíaJ. Barreiro Guimarães da CostaW. BartmannV. BaryshevskyE. BarziS. A. BassA. BastianinB. BaudouyF. BauerM. BauerT. BaumgartnerI. Bautista-GuzmánC. BayındırF. BeaudetteF. BedeschiM. BéguinI. BellafontL. BellagambaN. BellegardeE. BelliE. BellingeriF. BelliniG. BellomoS. BelomestnykhG. BencivenniM. BenediktG. BernardiJ. BernardiC. BernetJ. M. BernhardtC. BerniniC. BerriaudA. BertarelliS. BertolucciM. I. BesanaM. BesançonO. BeznosovP. BhatC. BhatM. E. BiaginiJ. -L. BiarrotteA. Bibet ChevalierE. R. BielertM. BigliettiG. M. BileiB. BilkiC. BiscariF. BisharaO. R. Blanco-GarcíaF. R. BlánquezF. BlekmanA. BlondelJ. BlümleinT. BoccaliR. BoelsS. A. BogaczA. BogomyagkovO. Boine-FrankenheimM. J. BolandS. BolognaO. BolukbasiM. BombenS. BondarenkoM. BonviniE. BoosB. BordiniF. BordryG. BorghelloL. BorgonoviS. BorowkaD. BortolettoD. BoscheriniM. BoscoloS. BoselliR. R. BosleyF. BossuC. BottaL. BotturaR. BoughezalD. BoutinG. BovoneI. Božović JelisavićA. BozbeyC. BozziD. BozziniV. BracciniS. Braibant-GiacomelliJ. BramanteP. Braun-MunzingerJ. A. BriffaD. BritzgerS. J. BrodskyJ. J. BrookeR. BruceP. Brückman De RenstromE. BrunaO. BrüningO. BrunnerK. BrunnerP. BruzzoneX. BuffatE. BulyakF. BurkartH. BurkhardtJ. -P. BurnetF. ButinD. ButtazzoA. ButterworthM. CacciaY. CaiB. CaiffiV. CairoO. CakirR. CalagaS. CalatroniG. CalderiniG. CalderolaA. CaliskanD. CalvetM. CalvianiJ. M. CamalichP. CamarriM. CampanelliT. CamporesiA. C. CanbayA. CanepaE. CantergianiD. Cantore-CavalliM. CapeansR. CardarelliU. CardellaA. CardiniC. M. Carloni CalameF. CarraS. CarraA. CarvalhoS. CasalbuoniJ. CasasM. CascellaP. CastelnovoG. CastorinaG. CatalanoV. CavasinniE. CazzatoE. CenniniA. CerriF. CeruttiJ. CervantesI. ChaikovskaJ. ChakraborttyM. ChalaM. Chamizo-LlatasH. ChanalD. ChanalS. ChanceA. ChancéP. CharitosJ. CharlesT. K. CharlesS. ChattopadhyayR. ChehabS. V. ChekanovN. ChenA. ChernodedV. ChetvertkovaL. ChevalierG. ChiarelliG. ChiarelloM. ChiesaP. ChiggiatoJ. T. ChildersA. ChmielińskaA. CholakianP. ChomazM. ChorowskiW. ChouM. ChrzaszczE. ChyhyrynetsG. CibinettoA. K. CiftciR. CiftciR. CiminoM. CiuchiniP. J. ClarkY. CoadouM. CobalA. CoccaroJ. CoganE. CognerasF. CollamatiC. ColldelramP. CollierJ. CollotR. ContinoF. ConventiC. T. A. CookL. CooleyG. CorcellaA. S. CornellG. H. CorralH. Correia-RodriguesF. CostanzaP. Costa PintoF. CoudercJ. CoupardN. CraigI. Crespo GarridoA. CrivellinJ. F. CroteauM. CrouchE. Cruz AlanizB. CuréJ. CurtiD. CurtinM. CzechC. DachauerR. T. D’AgnoloM. DaiboA. DaineseB. DalenaA. DaljevecW. DallapiazzaL. D’Aloia SchwartzentruberM. DamG. D’AmbrosioS. P. DasS. DasBakshiW. da SilvaG. G. da SilveiraV. D’AuriaS. D’AuriaA. DavidT. DavidekA. DeandreaJ. de BlasC. J. DebonoS. De CurtisN. De FilippisD. de FlorianS. DeghayeS. J. de JongC. Del BoV. Del DucaD. DelikarisF. DeliotA. Dell’AcquaL. Delle RoseM. DelmastroE. De LuciaM. DemarteauD. DenegriL. DeniauD. DenisovH. DenizliA. DennerD. d’EnterriaG. de RijkA. De RoeckF. DerueO. DeschampsS. Descotes-GenonP. S. B. DevJ. B. de Vivie de RégieR. K. DewanjeeA. Di CiaccioA. Di CiccoB. M. DillonB. Di MiccoP. Di NezzaS. Di VitaA. DoblhammerA. DominjonM. D’OnofrioF. DordeiA. DragoP. DraperZ. DrasalM. DrewesL. DuarteI. DubovykP. DudaA. DudarevL. DudkoD. DuellmannM. DünserT. du PreeM. DuranteH. Duran YildizS. DuttaF. DuvalJ. M. DuvalY. DydyshkaB. DziewitS. EisenhardtM. EistererT. EkelofD. El KhechenS. A. EllisJ. EllisJ. A. EllisonK. ElsenerM. ElsingY. EnariC. EnglertH. ErikssonK. J. EskolaL. S. EspositoO. EtiskenE. EtzionP. FabbricatoreA. FalkowskiA. FalouJ. FaltovaJ. FanL. FanòA. FarillaR. FarinelliS. FarinonD. A. FaroughyS. D. FartoukhA. Faus-GolfeW. J. FawcettG. FeliciL. FelsbergerC. FerdeghiniA. M. Fernandez NavarroA. Fernández-TéllezJ. Ferradas TroitinoG. FerraraR. FerrariL. FerreiraP. Ferreira da SilvaG. FerreraF. FerroM. FiascarisS. FiorendiC. FiorioO. FischerE. FischerW. FliegerM. FlorioD. FonnesuE. FontanesiN. FoppianiK. ForazD. Forkel-WirthS. ForteM. FouaidyD. FournierT. FowlerJ. FoxP. FrancavillaR. FranceschiniS. FranchinoE. FrancoA. FreitasB. FuksK. FurukawaS. V. FurusethE. GabrielliA. GaddiM. GalantiE. GalloS. GanjourJ. GaoJ. GaoV. Garcia DiazM. García PérezL. García TabarésC. GarionM. V. GarzelliI. GarziaS. M. Gascon-ShotkinG. GaudioP. GayS. -F. GeT. GehrmannM. H. GenestR. GerardF. GerigkH. GerwigP. GiacomelliS. GiaguE. Gianfelice-WendtF. GianottiF. GiffoniS. S. GilardoniM. Gil CostaM. GiovannettiM. GiovannozziP. GiubellinoG. F. GiudiceA. GiuntaL. K. GladilinS. GlukhovJ. GluzaG. GobbiB. GoddardF. GoertzT. GollingV. P. GoncalvesR. GonçaloL. A. Gonzalez GomezS. Gorgi ZadehG. GorineE. GoriniS. A. GourlayL. GouskosF. GrancagnoloA. GrassellinoA. GrauE. GraveriniH. M. GrayMa. GrecoMi. GrecoJ. -L. GrenardO. GrimmC. GrojeanV. A. GromovJ. F. Grosse-OetringhausA. GrudievK. GrzankaJ. GuD. GuadagnoliV. GuidiS. GuiducciG. Guillermo CantonY. O. GünaydinR. GuptaR. S. GuptaJ. GutierrezJ. GutleberC. GuyotV. GuzeyC. GwenlanC. HaberstrohB. HacışahinoğluB. HaererK. HahnT. HahnA. HammadC. HanM. HanceA. HannahP. C. HarrisC. HatiS. HaugJ. HauptmanV. HaurylavetsH. -J. HeA. HegglinB. HegnerK. HeinemannS. HeinemeyerC. HelsensA. HenriquesA. HenriquesP. HernandezR. J. Hernández-PintoJ. Hernandez-SanchezT. HerzigI. HiekkanenW. HillertT. HoehnM. HoferW. HöfleF. HoldenerS. HolleisB. HolzerD. K. HongC. G. HonoratoS. C. HopkinsJ. HrdinkaF. HugB. HumannH. HumerT. HurthA. HuttonG. IacobucciN. IbarrolaL. Iconomidou-FayardK. Ilyina-BrunnerJ. IncandelaA. InfantinoV. IppolitoM. IshinoR. IslamH. ItaA. IvanovsS. IwamotoA. IyerS. Izquierdo BermudezS. JadachD. O. JaminP. JanotP. JarryA. JeffP. JennyE. JensenM. JensenX. JiangJ. M. JiménezM. A. JonesO. R. JonesJ. M. JowettS. JungW. KaabiM. KadoK. KahleL. KalinovskayaJ. KalinowskiJ. F. KamenikK. KannikeS. O. KaraH. KaradenizV. KaraventzasI. KarpovS. KartalA. KaryukhinV. KashikhinJ. Katharina BehrU. KayaJ. KeintzelP. A. KeinzK. KeppelR. KersevanK. KershawH. KhanpourS. KhatibiM. Khatiri YanehsariV. V. KhozeJ. KieselerA. KilicA. KilpinenY. -K. KimD. W. KimU. KleinM. KleinF. KlingN. KlinkenbergS. KlöppelM. KluteV. I. KlyukhinM. KnechtB. KniehlF. KocakC. KoeberlA. M. KolanoA. KolleggerK. KołodziejA. A. KolomietsJ. KomppulaI. KoopP. KoppenburgM. KoratzinosM. KordiaczyńskaM. KorjikO. KortnerP. KostkaW. KotlarskiC. KotnigT. KöttigA. V. KotwalA. D. KovalenkoS. KowalskiJ. KozaczukG. A. KozlovS. S. KozubA. M. KrainerT. KramerM. KrämerM. KrammerA. A. KrasnovF. KraussK. KravalisL. KretzschmarR. M. KriskeH. KritscherP. KrkoticH. KrohaM. KucharczykS. KudayA. KuendigG. KuhlmannA. KuleszaM. KumarM. KumarA. KusinaS. KuttimalaiM. KuzeT. KwonF. LacknerM. LacknerE. La FrancescaM. LaineG. LamannaS. La MendolaE. LançonG. LandsbergP. LangackerC. LangeA. LangnerA. J. LankfordJ. P. LansbergT. LariP. J. LaycockP. LebrunA. LechnerK. LeeS. LeeR. LeeT. LefevreP. Le GuenT. LehtinenS. B. LeithP. LenziE. LeograndeC. LeonidopoulosI. Leon-MonzonG. LernerO. LeroyT. LesiakP. LévaiA. LeverattoE. LevichevG. LiS. LiR. LiD. LiberatiM. LiepeD. A. LissauerZ. LiuA. LobkoE. LocciE. Logothetis AgaliotisM. P. LombardoA. J. LongC. LorinR. LositoA. LouzguitiI. LowD. LucchesiM. T. LucchiniA. LucianiM. LueckhofA. J. G. LuntM. LuzumD. A. LyubimtsevM. MaggioraN. MagninM. A. MahmoudF. MahmoudiJ. MaitreV. MakarenkoA. MalagoliJ. MalclésL. MalgeriP. J. MallonF. MaltoniS. MalvezziO. B. MalyshevG. MancinelliP. MandrikP. ManfrinettiM. ManganoP. ManilM. MannelliG. MarchioriF. MarhauserV. MarianiV. MarinozziS. MariottoP. MarquardC. MarquetT. Marriott-DodingtonR. MartinO. MartinJ. Martin CamalichT. MartinezH. Martinez BruzualM. I. Martínez-HernándezD. E. MartinsS. MarzaniD. MarzoccaL. MarzolaS. MasciocchiI. MasinaA. MassimilianoA. MassironiT. MasubuchiV. A. MatveevM. A. MazzoniM. McCulloughP. A. McIntoshP. MeadeL. MedinaA. MeierJ. MeignanB. MeleJ. G. Mendes SaraivaF. MenezM. MentinkE. MeoniP. MeridianiM. MerkP. MermodV. MertensL. MetherE. MétralM. MiglioratiA. MilaneseC. MilardiG. MilhanoB. L. MilitsynF. MilletI. MinashviliJ. V. MinerviniL. S. MirallesD. MirarchiS. MishimaD. P. MissiaenG. MitselmakherT. MitshuhashiJ. MnichM. Mohammadi NajafabadiR. N. MohapatraN. MokhovJ. G. MolsonR. MongeC. MontagG. MontagnaS. MonteilG. MonteneroE. MontesinosF. MoortgatN. MorangeG. MorelloM. Moreno LlácerM. MorettiS. MorettiA. K. MorleyA. MorosI. MorozovV. MorrettaM. MorroneA. MostacciS. MuanzaN. MuchnoiM. MühleggerM. MulderM. MuldersB. MüllerF. MüllerA. -S. MüllerJ. MunillaM. J. MurrayY. MuttoniS. MyersM. MylonaJ. NachtmanT. NakamotoM. NardecchiaG. NardiniP. NasonZ. NergizA. V. NesterenkoJ. A. NettoA. NettsträterC. NeubüserJ. NeundorfF. NiccoliO. NicrosiniY. NieU. NiedermayerJ. NiedzielaA. NiemiS. A. NikitinA. NisatiJ. M. NoM. NonisY. NosochkovM. NovákA. NovokhatskiJ. M. O’CallaghanC. OchandoS. OgurK. OhmiK. OideV. A. OkorokovY. OkumuraC. OleariF. I. OlnessY. OnelM. OrtinoJ. OsborneP. OslandT. OttoK. Y. OyulmazA. OzansoyV. ÖzcanK. ÖzdemirC. E. PagliaroneH. F. Pais da SilvaE. PalmieriL. PalumboA. PampaloniR. -Q. PanM. PanareoO. PanellaG. PanicoG. PanizzoA. A. PankovV. PantsyrnyC. G. PapadopoulosA. PapaefstathiouY. PapaphilippouM. A. ParkerV. ParmaM. PasqualiS. K. PatraR. PattersonH. PaukkunenF. PaussS. PeggsJ. -P. PenttinenG. PeónE. E. PerepelkinE. PerezJ. C. PerezG. PerezF. PérezE. Perez CodinaJ. Perez MoralesM. PerfilovH. PerneggerM. PeruzziC. PesK. PetersS. PetraccaF. PetrielloL. PezzottiS. PfeifferF. PiccininiT. PieloniM. PieriniH. PikhartovaG. PikursE. PilicerP. PiminovC. PiraR. PittauW. PłaczekM. PlaggeT. PlehnM. -A. PleierM. PłoskońM. PodeurH. PodlechT. PodzornyL. PoggioliA. PoironG. PoleselloM. Poli LenerA. PoliniJ. PolinskiS. M. PolozovL. PonceM. PontL. PontecorvoT. PortaluriK. PotamianosC. PrasseM. PrausaA. PreinerstorferE. PrematT. PriceM. PrimaveraF. PrinoM. PrioliJ. ProudfootA. ProvinoT. PugnatN. PukhaevaS. PuławskiD. PulikowskiG. PunziM. PuttiA. PyarelalH. QuackM. QuispeA. RacioppiH. RafiqueV. RaginelM. RaidalN. S. Ramírez-UribeM. J. Ramsey-MusolfR. RataP. RatoffF. RavottiP. Rebello TelesM. ReboudS. RedaelliE. RennerA. E. Rentería-OlivoM. RescignoJ. ReuterA. RibonA. M. RicciW. RieglerS. RiemannB. RiemannT. RiemannJ. M. RiffletR. A. RimmerR. RinaldesiL. RinolfiO. Rios RubirasT. RisseladaA. RivettiL. RivkinT. RizzoT. RobensF. RobertA. J. RobsonE. RochepaultC. RodaG. RodrigoM. Rodríguez-CahuantziC. RoganM. RoigS. Rojas-TorresJ. RojoG. RolandiG. RolandoP. RoloffA. RomanenkoA. RomanovF. RoncaroloA. Rosado SanchezG. RosazL. RossiA. RossiR. RossmanithB. RoussetC. RoyonX. RuanI. RuehlV. Ruhlmann-KleiderR. RuizL. RumyantsevR. RuprechtA. I. RyazanovA. SabaR. SadykovD. Saez de JaureguiM. SahinB. SailerM. SaitoF. SalaG. P. SalamJ. Salfeld-NebgenC. A. SalgadoS. SaliniJ. M. SalleseT. SalmiA. SalzburgerO. A. SampayoS. SanfilippoJ. SantiagoE. SantopintoR. SantoroA. Sanz UllX. SarasolaI. H. SarpünM. SauvainS. SavelyevaR. SawadaG. F. R. SborliniA. SchafferM. SchaumannM. SchenkC. ScheuerleinI. SchienbeinK. SchlengaH. SchmicklerR. SchmidtD. SchoerlingA. SchoningT. Schörner-SadeniusM. SchottD. SchulteP. SchwallerC. SchwanenbergerP. SchwemlingN. SchwergL. ScibileA. SciutoE. ScomparinC. SebastianiB. SeeberM. SegretiP. SelvaM. SelvaggiC. SenatoreA. SenolL. SerinM. SerlucaN. SerraA. SeryiL. SestiniA. SfyrlaM. ShaposhnikovE. ShaposhnikovaB. Y. SharkovD. ShatilovJ. SheltonV. ShiltsevI. P. ShipseyG. D. ShirkovA. ShivajiD. ShwartzT. SianS. SidorovA. SiemkoL. SilvestriniN. SimandF. SimonB. K. SinghA. SiódmokY. SiroisE. SirtoriR. SirvinskaiteB. SitarT. SjöstrandP. SkandsE. SkordisK. SkovpenM. SkrzypekE. SladeP. SlavichR. SlovakV. SmalukV. SmirnovW. SnoeysL. SoffiP. SollanderO. SolovyanovH. K. SoltveitH. SongP. SopickiM. SorbiL. SpallinoM. SpannowskyB. SpataroP. SphicasH. SpiesbergerP. SpillerM. SpiraT. SrivastavaJ. StachelA. StakiaJ. L. StanyardE. StarchenkoA. Y. StarikovA. M. StaśtoM. StateraR. SteerenbergJ. SteggemannA. StenvallF. StivanelloD. StöckingerL. S. StoelM. Stöger-PollachB. StraussM. StuartG. StupakovS. SuA. SubletK. SugitaL. SulakM. K. SullivanS. SultansoyT. SumidaK. SuzukiG. SylvaM. J. SyphersA. SznajderM. TaborelliN. A. TahirM. TakeuchiE. Tal HodC. TambascoJ. TanakaK. TangI. TapanS. TaroniG. F. TartarelliG. TassielliL. TavianT. M. TaylorG. N. TaylorA. M. TeixeiraG. Tejeda-MuñozV. I. TelnovR. TenchiniH. H. J. ten KateK. TerashiA. TesiM. TestaC. TetrelD. TeytelmanJ. ThalerA. ThammS. ThomasM. T. TiirakariV. TikhomirovD. TikhonovH. TimkoV. TisserandL. M. TkachenkoJ. TkaczukJ. P. TockB. ToddE. TodescoR. Tomás GarciaD. TommasiniG. TonelliF. ToralT. TorimsR. TorreZ. TownsendR. TrantD. TreilleL. TrentadueA. TricoliA. TricomiW. TrischukI. S. TropinB. TuchmingA. A. TudoraB. TurbiarzI. Turk CakirM. TurriT. TydecksJ. UsovitschJ. UythovenR. VaglioA. ValassiF. ValchkovaM. A. Valdivia GarciaP. ValenteR. U. ValenteA. -M. Valente-FelicianoG. ValentinoL. Vale SilvaJ. M. ValetR. ValizadehJ. W. F. ValleS. VallecorsaG. ValloneM. van LeeuwenU. H. van RienenL. van Riesen-HauptM. VarastehL. VecchiP. VedrineG. VelevR. VenessA. VenturaW. Venturini DelsolaroM. VerducciC. B. VerhaarenC. VernieriA. P. VerweijO. VerwilligenO. ViazloA. ViciniG. ViehhauserN. VignaroliM. VignoloA. VitranoI. VivarelliS. VlachosM. VogelD. M. VogtV. VölklP. VolkovG. VolpiniJ. von AhnenG. VorotnikovG. G. VoutsinasV. VysotskyU. WagnerR. WallnyL. -T. WangR. WangK. WangB. F. L. WardT. P. WatsonN. K. WatsonZ. WsC. WeilandS. WeinzierlC. P. WelschJ. WenningerM. WidorskiU. A. WiedemannH. -U. WienandsG. WilkinsonP. H. WilliamsA. WinterA. WohlfahrtT. WojtońD. WollmannJ. WomersleyD. WoogX. WuA. WulzerM. K. YanehsariG. YangH. J. YangW. -M. YaoE. YazganV. YermolchikA. YilmazA. YilmazH. -D. YooS. A. YostT. YouC. YoungT. -T. YuF. YuA. ZaborowskaS. G. ZadehM. ZahndM. ZanettiL. ZanottoL. ZawiejskiP. ZeilerM. ZerlauthS. M. ZernovG. Zevi Dell PortaZ. ZhangY. ZhangC. ZhangH. ZhangZ. ZhaoY. -M. ZhongJ. ZhouD. ZhouP. ZhuangG. ZickF. ZimmermannEmail authorJ. Zinn-JustinL. ZivkovicA. V. ZlobinM. ZobovJ. ZupanJ. Zuritathe FCC Collaboration, In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the fourth volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC. It summarizes the HE-LHC physics discovery opportunities, presents the HE-LHC accelerator design, performance reach, and operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the HE-LHC design aims at a hadron collider with about twice the centre-of-mass collision energy that the LHC can reach. Its performance aims at exploring physics beyond the Standard Model, signi cantly extending the LHC's direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.

Published
2020
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11. Structural analysis with mixed-frequency data : a model of US capital flows

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Eduardo Rossi, Alessandro Missale, Emanuele Bacchiocchi, E. Bacchiocchi, A. Bastianin, A. Missale, E. Rossi, Bacchiocchi, E, Bastianin, A, Missale, A, and Rossi, E

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, SECS-P/02 - POLITICA ECONOMICA, Series (mathematics), uncertainty shocks, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Monetary policy, Monte Carlo method, Mixed frequency variable, monetary policy, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, capital flow, Interest rate, Shock (mechanics), Data modeling, Set (abstract data type), Autoregressive model, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Econometrics, 050207 economics, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, media_common
Abstract

We develop a new structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model for analysis with mixed-frequency data. The MIDAS-SVAR model allows to identify structural dynamic links exploiting the information contained in variables sampled at different frequencies. It also provides a general framework to test homogeneous frequency-based representations versus mixed-frequency data models. A set of Monte Carlo experiments suggests that the test performs well both in terms of size and power. The MIDAS-SVAR is then used to study how monetary policy and financial uncertainty impact on the dynamics of gross capital inflows to the US. While no relation is found when using standard quarterly data, mixed frequency analysis exploiting the variability present in the series within the quarter shows that the effect of an interest rate shock is greater the longer the time lag between the month of the shock and the end of the quarter.

Published
2020

12. Robust measures of skewness and kurtosis for macroeconomic and financial time series

Author

Andrea Bastianin and Bastianin, A

Subjects
kurtosi, Economics and Econometrics, Mean squared error, SECS-P/02 - POLITICA ECONOMICA, skewness, Robust statistics, Sample (statistics), SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, SECS-P/06 - ECONOMIA APPLICATA, FRED-MD, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Range (statistics), 050207 economics, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Mathematics, Finance, 050208 finance, Series (mathematics), business.industry, 05 social sciences, Autocorrelation, Estimator, robust statistic, outlier, SECS-S/03 - STATISTICA ECONOMICA, Skewness, Outlier, Kurtosis, L-moment, business
Abstract

The sample skewness and kurtosis of macroeconomic and financial time series are routinely scrutinized in the early stages of model-building and are often the central topic of studies in economics and finance. Notwithstanding the availability of several robust estimators, most scholars in economics rely on method-of-moments estimation that is known to be very sensitive to outliers. We carry out an extensive Monte Carlo analysis to evaluate the bias and root mean squared error of twelve different estimators of skewness and kurtosis. We consider nine statistical distributions that approximate the range of data generating processes of many macroeconomic and financial time series. Both in independently and identically distributed samples and in data generating processes featuring serial correlation L-moments and trimmed L-moments estimators are particularly resistant to outliers and deliver improvements over standard as well as alternative robust estimators of skewness and kurtosis. The application to 128 macroeconomic and financial time series sourced from a large, monthly frequency, database (i.e. the FRED-MD of McCracken and Ng, 2016) confirms the findings of the simulation study.

Published
2020

13. Ethanol and field crops: Is there a price connection?

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, Matteo Manera, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Manera, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Ethanol, Sociology and Political Science, 020209 energy, 05 social sciences, food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development, Agricultural economics, Field crop, Granger causality, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Predictability, Structural break, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Forecasting, 050205 econometrics, Food Science
Abstract

We analyze the relationship between the prices of ethanol, corn, soybeans, wheat and cattle in Nebraska, U.S. We focus on long-run price relations, short-run Granger causality, in-sample and out-of-sample predictability linkages between returns on ethanol, field crops and cattle. Since the ethanol market has been subject to many policy interventions, our analysis takes structural breaks and parameter instabilities into account using modern statistical techniques. We find no evidence that ethanol returns Granger cause food price variations. Conversely, both in-sample and out-of-sample results suggest that ethanol is Granger caused and can be predicted by returns on corn. No linkages between ethanol and cattle are found.

Published
2016
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14. A test of symmetry based on L-moments with an application to the business cycles of the G7 economies

Author

Matteo Manera, Andrea Bastianin, Bastianin, A, and Manera, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Series (mathematics), Time reversibility, 05 social sciences, Monte Carlo method, Skewne, Business cycle, Symmetry (physics), Power (physics), Symmetry, Skewness, 0502 economics and business, Null distribution, L-moment, Statistical physics, 050207 economics, Finance, 050205 econometrics, Mathematics
Abstract

We study the performance of tests of distributional symmetry based on the coefficient of skewness and on L-moments and present a bootstrap implementation of such tests that is suitable in time series applications. We show with Monte Carlo simulations that both tests are correctly sized – provided that their null distribution is approximated with the bootstrap – and that the procedure based on L-moments has more power than that based on the conventional coefficient of skewness. An empirical application analyses the symmetry of business cycles for the G7 countries implementing tests of symmetry as tools to investigate time reversibility.

Published
2021
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15. Statistical and economic evaluation of time series models for forecasting arrivals at call centers

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Matteo Manera, Marzio Galeotti, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Manera, M

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Computer science, Econometrics (econ.EM), Call center arrival, Telecommunications forecasting, ARIMA, Discount points, FOS: Economics and business, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Order (exchange), 0502 economics and business, Econometrics, 050207 economics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Economics - Econometrics, 050205 econometrics, Service quality, Series (mathematics), 05 social sciences, Function (mathematics), Seasonality, Random walk, Loss function, Economic evaluation, Focus (optics), Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Call centers’ managers are interested in obtaining accurate point and distributional forecasts of call arrivals in order to achieve an optimal balance between service quality and operating costs. We present a strategy for selecting forecast models of call arrivals which is based on three pillars: (i) flexibility of the loss function; (ii) statistical evaluation of forecast accuracy; and (iii) economic evaluation of forecast performance using money metrics. We implement fourteen time series models and seven forecast combination schemes on three series of daily call arrivals. Although we focus mainly on point forecasts, we also analyze density forecast evaluation. We show that second-moment modeling is important for both point and density forecasting and that the simple seasonal random walk model is always outperformed by more general specifications. Our results suggest that call center managers should invest in the use of forecast models which describe both first and second moments of call arrivals

Published
2019

16. Convergence of European natural gas prices

Author

Michele Polo, Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Polo, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, SECS-P/03 - SCIENZA DELLE FINANZE, SECS-P/02 - POLITICA ECONOMICA, σ -convergence, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, RELATIVE CONVERGENCE, σ –convergence, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, SECS-P/06 - ECONOMIA APPLICATA, Natural gas, 0502 economics and business, CONVERGENCE, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Econometrics, Economics, 050207 economics, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Statistical hypothesis testing, Consumption (economics), Natural gas prices, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Convergence (economics), CONVERGENCE, NATURAL GAS PRICE, TRADING HUB, RELATIVE CONVERGENCE, Shock (economics), General Energy, Pairwise comparison, NATURAL GAS PRICE, business, Energy source, TRADING HUB
Abstract

Over the period 2015–2050 the consumption of natural gas of European OECD countries is expected to grow more than the consumption of any other energy source. Although these countries are interconnected and in most cases share a common currency, their wholesale national gas markets are highly heterogeneous. We study the determinants of cross-country convergence of natural gas prices for industrial consumers in fourteen European countries. Our empirical analysis is based on the notions of pairwise, relative and σ-convergence. We show that there is evidence of pairwise price convergence and that some key characteristics of gas markets, such as the existence of trading hubs and the degree of interconnection, are positively associated with the existence of a convergence process. This result carries over to the notion of σ-convergence and is robust to a number of changes in the implementation of the statistical tests. The analysis of relative convergence points to the existence of price-growth convergence, while price-level convergence is not supported by the data. Lastly, we assess the short-run implications of price convergence focusing on the speed of reversion to equilibrium after a system-wide shock hits the cointegrating relation.

Published
2019

17. Procurement in Big Science Centres: Politics or Technology? Evidence from CERN

Author

Andrea Bastianin and C. Del Bo

Subjects
Politics, Large Hadron Collider, Procurement, Spillover effect, Order (exchange), Relative weight, Business, High tech, Industrial organization, Variety (cybernetics)
Abstract

Procurement from Big Science Centers (BSC) yields a variety of spillover effects that can ultimately have growth enhancing consequences for their partner countries. We study the determinants of procurement for the biggest research infrastructure ever built: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Using a unique cross-section database of firms that have registered to become industrial partners of the LHC program, we estimate the determinants for potential suppliers of receiving an order from CERN. We compare the relative weight of firms’ technological features and CERN’s procurement rules aimed at securing a juste retour for its Member States. Our results point to a strong impact of technological factors, while also highlighting the importance of political constraints related with CERN’s procurement rules as well as the presence of a home bias. Since the constraints related with the achievement of a juste retour affect–directly or indirectly–the procurement policy of many European BSCs, our results have policy implications that go beyond the CERN case study.

Published
2019
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18. The socio-economic impact of a breakthrough in the particle accelerators' technology: a research agenda

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Massimo Florio, Paolo Castelnovo, Florio, M, Bastianin, A, and Castelnovo, P

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, SECS-P/03 - SCIENZA DELLE FINANZE, Delphi method, Logistic function, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, SECS-P/06 - ECONOMIA APPLICATA, Phase (combat), Technological breakthrough, Socio economic impact, 0502 economics and business, Cost-benefit analysi, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Innovation, Instrumentation, 050205 econometrics, Physics, Cost–benefit analysis, 05 social sciences, Environmental economics, Maturity (finance), Sketch, Physics - Accelerator Physics, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Preliminary evidence on the long-run trajectory of the accelerator industry suggests that it may be close to the maturity phase of its cycle. If this is the case, how can we measure the benefits of an uncertain breakthrough in acceleration technology? Who are the main stakeholders interested by such a breakthrough? We identify these subjects and sketch some avenues for answering these questions. We thus present a model for the social Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) of research infrastructures and illustrate the results of its implementation for assessing the benefits of accelerators in basic science and hadrontherapy. Lastly, we move from the social CBA of single research infrastructures to modeling a major change in the accelerator technology and hence in the industry. A research agenda on the potential impacts of a technological breakthrough is presented.

Published
2018

19. Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of HL-LHC

Author

Massimo Florio and Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
Consolidation (business), Upgrade, Present value, Cost–benefit analysis, Information and Communications Technology, Supply chain, Economic cost, Social cost, Business, Environmental economics
Abstract

We present a Social Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), assessing its economic costs and benefits up to 2038. The Net Present Value (NPV) of the HL-LHC project is positive at the end of the observation period. The ratio between incremental benefits and incremental costs of the HL-LHC with respect to continue operating the LHC under normal consolidation (i.e. without high-luminosity upgrade) is slightly over 1.7, meaning that each Swiss Franc invested in the HL-LHC upgrade project pays back approximately 1.7 CHF in societal benefits. Simulations based on 50000 Monte Carlo rounds show that there is a 94% chance to observe a positive NPV (i.e. a quantifiable economic benefit for the society). The attractiveness of CERN for Early Stage Researchers (ESR) is key for a positive CBA result. Given that benefits to ESRs are the single most important societal benefit, CERN should invest more in activities facilitating the transition to the international job market. Technological spillovers are another very important ingredient in the CBA evaluation of CERN research infrastructures. Relations with firms in the supply chain and development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are strategic levers CERN should use to boost these social benefits. Cultural effects, especially those related to onsite visitors, have a great development potential for generating societal benefits. This part needs to be quantified in greater detail to understand, how this benefit potential can be further increased efficiently in cooperation with the host states.

Published
2018
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20. How does stock market volatility react to oil shocks?

Author

Andrea Bastianin and Matteo Manera

Subjects
FOS: Economics and business, General Economics (econ.GN), jel:Q43, jel:Q41, Volatility, Oil Shocks, Oil Price, Stock Prices, Structural VAR, Econometrics (econ.EM), jel:E44, jel:C32, jel:C58, health care economics and organizations, Economics - Econometrics, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

We study the impact of oil price shocks on U.S. stock market volatility. We derive three different structural oil shock variables (i.e. aggregate demand, oil-supply, and oil-demand shocks) and relate them to stock market volatility, using bivariate structural VAR models, one for each oil price shock. Identification is achieved by assuming that the price of crude oil reacts to stock market volatility only with delay. This implies that innovations to the price of crude oil are not strictly exogenous, but predetermined with respect to the stock market. We show that volatility responds significantly to oil price shocks caused by sudden changes in aggregate and oil-specific demand, while the impact of supply-side shocks is negligible.

Published
2018
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21. Convergence of European natural gas prices

Author

Michele Polo, Marzio Galeotti, and Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Natural gas prices, Natural gas, business.industry, Econometrics, Economics, Convergence (economics), Pairwise comparison, Energy source, business, Maturity (finance), Statistical hypothesis testing
Abstract

Over the period 2015–2050 the consumption of natural gas of European OECD countries is expected to grow more than the consumption of any other energy source. Although these countries are interconnected and in most cases share a common currency, their wholesale national gas markets are highly heterogeneous. We study the determinants of cross–country convergence of natural gas prices for industrial consumers in fourteen European countries. Our empirical analysis is based on the notions of pairwise, relative and σ–convergence. We show that there is evidence of pairwise price convergence and that some key characteristics of gas markets, such as the maturity of trading hubs and the degree of interconnection, are positively associated with the existence of a convergence process. This result carries over to the notion of σ–convergence and is robust to a number of changes in the implementation of the statistical tests. The analysis of relative convergence points to the existence of price–growth convergence, while price–level convergence is not supported by the data. Lastly, we assess the short-run implications of price convergence focusing on the speed of reversion to equilibrium after a system–wide shocks hits the cointegrating relation.

Published
2018
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22. How does stock market volatility react to oil price shocks?

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Matteo Manera, Bastianin, A, and Manera, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Oil market, Stock market volatility, Realized variance, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Monetary economics, Realized Volatility, Oil Price Shocks, Oil Price, Stock Prices, Structural VAR, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Demand shock, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Stock market, Oil price, Volatility (finance), health care economics and organizations, Aggregate demand
Abstract

We study the impact of oil price shocks on the U.S. stock market volatility. We jointly analyze three different structural oil market shocks (i.e., aggregate demand, oil supply, and oil-specific demand shocks) and stock market volatility using a structural vector autoregressive model. Identification is achieved by assuming that the price of crude oil reacts to stock market volatility only with delay. This implies that innovations to the price of crude oil are not strictly exogenous, but predetermined with respect to the stock market. We show that volatility responds significantly to oil price shocks caused by unexpected changes in aggregate and oil-specific demand, whereas the impact of supply-side shocks is negligible.

Published
2018

23. Evaluating regulatory reform of network industries: a survey of empirical models based on categorical proxies

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Paolo Castelnovo, Massimo Florio, Bastianin, A, Castelnovo, P, and Florio, M

Subjects
General Economics (econ.GN), Sociology and Political Science, 020209 energy, Categorical variable, Econometrics (econ.EM), Regulatory reforms, 02 engineering and technology, Regulatory reform, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development, FOS: Economics and business, Categorical variables, Network industries, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Endogeneity, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, Stock (geology), Economics - General Economics, Economics - Econometrics, Liberalization, Public economics, 05 social sciences, Instrumental variable, Empirical modelling, Network industrie, Unbundling
Abstract

Proxies for regulatory reforms based on categorical variables are increasingly used in empirical evaluation models. We surveyed 63 studies that rely on such indices to analyze the effects of entry liberalization, privatization, unbundling, and independent regulation of the electricity, natural gas, and telecommunications sectors. We highlight methodological issues related to the use of these proxies. Next, taking stock of the literature, we provide practical advice for the design of the empirical strategy and discuss the selection of control and instrumental variables to attenuate endogeneity problems undermining identification of the effects of regulatory reforms.

Published
2018

24. The Empirics of Regulatory Reforms Proxied by Categorical Variables: Recent Findings and Methodological Issues

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Massimo Florio, and Paolo Castelnovo

Subjects
Macroeconomics, Liberalization, Scale (social sciences), Economics, Context (language use), Social Welfare, Unbundling, Vertical integration, Categorical variable, Tax rate
Abstract

Some regulatory reforms do not change just a specific signal that can be represented by a quantitative continuous variable, such as a tax rate, a price cap, or an emission threshold. The standard theory of reform in applied welfare economics (going back to contributions by e.g. Ramsey, Samuelson and Guesnerie) asks the question: What is the marginal effect on social welfare of changing a policy signal? However, reforms such as privatization, unbundling or liberalization of network industries are often described by ‘packages’ shifting a policy framework. It is increasingly frequent in the empirical evaluation of such reforms to use categorical variables, often in polytomous form, for instance describing unbundling steps (vertical integration, accounting, functional, legal, ownership separation) on a discrete numerical scale, such as those proposed by the OECD and other international bodies. We review recent econometric literature evaluating regulatory reforms using such variables (40 papers) and we discuss some methodological issues arising in this context.

Published
2017
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25. The impacts of oil price shocks on stock market volatility: Evidence from the G7 countries

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Matteo Manera, Francesca Conti, Bastianin, A, Conti, F, and Manera, M

Subjects
Macroeconomics, Stock market volatility, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Monetary economics, G7 countrie, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Vector autoregression, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, 050207 economics, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, health care economics and organizations, Stock (geology), Differential impact, 05 social sciences, Oil-storage trade, Oil Price Shock, Stock Price Volatility, General Energy, Financial regulation, Demand shock, Oil demand, Volatility smile, Oil price, Volatility (finance)
Abstract

We study the effects of crude oil price shocks on the stock market volatility of the G7 countries. We identify the causes underlying oil price shocks and gauge the impacts that oil supply and oil demand innovations have on financial volatility. We show that stock market volatility does not respond to oil supply shocks. On the contrary, demand shocks impact significantly on the volatility of the G7 stock markets. Our results suggest that economic policies and financial regulation activities designed to mitigate the adverse effects of unexpected oil price movements should be designed by looking at the source of the oil price shocks.

Published
2016

26. Statistical and Economic Evaluation of Time Series Models for Forecasting Arrivals at Call Centers

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
Service quality, Operations research, Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Model selection, Staffing, Scheduling (computing), Outsourcing, Economic evaluation, Autoregressive integrated moving average, Function (engineering), business, media_common
Abstract

Call centers' managers are interested in obtaining accurate forecasts of call arrivals because these are a key input in staffing and scheduling decisions. Therefore their ability to achieve an optimal balance between service quality and operating costs ultimately hinges on forecast accuracy. We present a strategy to model selection in call centers which is based on three pillars: (i) a flexible loss function; (ii) statistical evaluation of forecast accuracy; (iii) economic evaluation of forecast performance using money metrics. We implement fourteen time series models and seven forecast combination schemes on three series of call arrivals. We show that second moment modeling is important when forecasting call arrivals. From the point of view of a call center manager, our results indicate that outsourcing the development of a forecasting model is worth its cost, since the simple Seasonal Random Walk model is always outperformed by other, relatively more sophisticated, specifications.

Published
2016
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27. Economic Impacts of El Niio Southern Oscillation: Evidence from the Colombian Coffee Market

Author

Alessandro Lanza, Andrea Bastianin, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
La Niña, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Short run, Demand curve, Economics, Production (economics), Economic model, Monetary economics, Economic impact analysis, Supply and demand
Abstract

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that affects weather around the world. Past ENSO episodes have had severe impacts on the economy of Colombia. We study the influence of ENSO on Colombian coffee production, exports, and price. Our structural econometric specification is consistent with an economic model of the market for Colombian coffee which, in the short run, is characterized by a downward-sloping demand curve and by a vertical supply curve. We show that El Nino (i.e., positive shocks to ENSO) is beneficial for Colombian production and exports and decreases the real price of Colombian coffee. On the contrary, La Nina (i.e., negative shocks to ENSO) depresses Colombian coffee production and exports and increases price. However, the overall impact of ENSO shocks is small. Both in the short run and in the long run, shocks to international demand for Colombian coffee are more relevant than supply-side shocks in Colombia in explaining the dynamics of the price of Colombian coffee. Our results suggest that a given coffee price shock can have beneficial, detrimental, or negligible effects on the Colombian economy, depending on its underlying cause. As a consequence, policy responses to coffee price shocks should be designed by looking at the causes of the shocks.

Published
2016
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28. How Does Stock Market Volatility React to Oil Shocks?

Author

Andrea Bastianin and Matteo Manera

Subjects
Stock market volatility, Volatility swap, Volatility smile, Economics, Stock market, Monetary economics, Oil price, Volatility (finance), Crude oil, health care economics and organizations, Aggregate demand
Abstract

We study the impact of oil price shocks on U.S. stock market volatility. We derive three different structural oil shock variables (i.e. aggregate demand, oil-supply, and oil-demand shocks) and relate them to stock market volatility, using bivariate structural VAR models, one for each oil price shock. Identification is achieved by assuming that the price of crude oil reacts to stock market volatility only with delay. This implies that innovations to the price of crude oil are not strictly exogenous, but predetermined with respect to the stock market. We show that volatility responds significantly to oil price shocks caused by sudden changes in aggregate and oil-specific demand, while the impact of supply-side shocks is negligible.

Published
2015
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30. Forecasting the oil-gasoline price relationship: should we care about the Rockets and the Feathers?

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
jel:Q40, Asymmetries, Forecast Evaluation, Gasoline, Crude Oil, Rockets and Feathers, jel:C53, education, jel:Q47, social sciences, jel:C32, jel:C22, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

According to the Rockets and Feathers hypothesis (RFH), the transmission mechanism of positive and negative changes in the price of crude oil to the price of gasoline is asymmetric. Although there have been many contributions documenting that downstream prices are more reactive to increases than to decreases in upstream prices, little is known about the forecasting performance of econometric models incorporating asymmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. In this paper we fill this gap by comparing point, sign and probability forecasts from a variety of Asymmetric-ECM (A-ECM) and Threshold Autoregressive ECM (TAR-ECM) specifications against a standard ECM. Forecasts from A-ECM and TAR-ECM subsume the RFH, while the ECM implies symmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. We quantify the forecast accuracy gains due to incorporating the RFH in predictive models for the prices of gasoline and diesel. We show that the RFH is useless for point forecasting, while it can be exploited to produce more accurate sign and probability forecasts. Finally, we highlight that the forecasting performance of the estimated models is time-varying.

Published
2014

31. Causality and predictability in distribution: the ethanol-food price relation revisited

Author

Matteo Manera, Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Manera, M

Subjects
FIELD CROPS, Economics and Econometrics, Relation (database), ETHANOL, BIOFUELS, DENSITY FORECASTING, GRANGER CAUSALITY, QUANTILES, Distribution (economics), SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, predicatability in distribution, Causality (physics), Granger causality, Econometrics, Economics, Predictability, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, business.industry, food price, Field (geography), Causality, General Energy, ethanol price, Biofuel, business, Quantile
Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between biofuels, field crops and cattle prices in the U.S. from a new perspective. We focus on predictability in distribution by asking whether ethanol returns can be used to forecast different parts of field crops and cattle returns distribution, or vice versa. Density forecasts are constructed using Conditional Autoregressive Expectile models estimated with Asymmetric Least Squares. Forecast evaluation relies on quantile-weighed scoring rules, which identify regions of the distribution of interest to the analyst. Results show that both the centre and the left tail of the ethanol returns distribution can be predicted by using field crops returns. On the contrary, there is no evidence that ethanol can be used to forecast any region of the field crops or cattle returns distributions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2014

32. Evaluating the Empirical Performance of Alternative Econometric Models for Oil Price Forecasting

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Elisa Scarpa, Anil Markandya, Matteo Manera, Ramos, S, Veiga, H, Bastianin, A, Manera, M, Markandya, A, and Scarpa, E

Subjects
Spot contract, Computer science, econometric models, forecasting, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Random walk, Econometric model, Econometrics, Financial modeling, Oil price, Literature study, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, Futures contract
Abstract

The empirical literature is very far from any consensus about the appropriate model for oil price forecasting. Several specifications have been proposed: some concentrate on the relationship between spot and futures prices ("financial" models), while others assign a key role to economic fundamentals ("structural" models). In this work we systematically test and evaluate the ability of several alternative econometric specifications to capture the dynamics of oil prices. Moreover, we propose a new class of models which combines the relevant aspects of financial and structural specifications ("mixed" models). We evaluate the forecasting performance of each class of models using different measures of forecast accuracy. We also analyse the effects of different data frequencies on the coefficient estimates and forecasts of each selected specification. Our empirical findings suggest that financial models are to be preferred to time series models. Both financial and time series models are better than mixed and structural models. Although the random walk model is not statistically outperformed by any of the alternative models, our empirical results suggest that theoretically well-grounded financial models are valid instruments for producing accurate forecasts of the WTI spot price.

Published
2014
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33. Forecasting the oil–gasoline price relationship: Do asymmetries help?

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, Matteo Manera, Bastianin, A, Galeotti, M, and Manera, M

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Asymmetries, SECS-P/05 - ECONOMETRIA, Discount points, Asymmetric price transmission, Crude oil, Diesel fuel, Rockets & Feather, Econometrics, Economics, Gasoline, SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA, health care economics and organizations, Downstream (petroleum industry), Upstream (petroleum industry), business.industry, Rockets & Feathers, Econometric model, Energy (all), General Energy, Autoregressive model, Forecasting, Asymmetrie, business
Abstract

According to the Rockets and Feathers Hypothesis (RFH), the transmission mechanism of positive and negative changes in the price of crude oil to the price of gasoline is asymmetric. Although there have been many contributions documenting that downstream prices are more reactive to increases than to decreases in upstream prices, little is known about the forecasting performance of econometric models incorporating asymmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. In this paper we fill this gap by comparing point, sign and probability forecasts from a variety of Asymmetric-ECM (A-ECM) and Threshold Autoregressive ECM (TAR-ECM) specifications against a standard ECM. Forecasts from A-ECM and TAR-ECM subsume the RFH, while the ECM implies symmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. We quantify the forecast accuracy gains due to incorporating the RFH in predictive models for the prices of gasoline and diesel. We show that, as far as point forecasts are involved, the RFH does not lead to significant improvements, while it can be exploited to produce more accurate sign and probability forecasts. Finally, we highlight that the forecasting performance of the estimated models is time-varying. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2014

34. Forecasting the OillGasoline Price Relationship: Should We Care About the Rockets and the Feathers?

Author

Matteo Manera, Andrea Bastianin, and Marzio Galeotti

Subjects
Upstream (petroleum industry), business.industry, education, social sciences, Discount points, Asymmetric price transmission, Econometric model, Diesel fuel, Autoregressive model, Economics, Econometrics, Gasoline, business, health care economics and organizations, Downstream (petroleum industry)
Abstract

According to the Rockets and Feathers hypothesis (RFH), the transmission mechanism of positive and negative changes in the price of crude oil to the price of gasoline is asymmetric. Although there have been many contributions documenting that downstream prices are more reactive to increases than to decreases in upstream prices, little is known about the forecasting performance of econometric models incorporating asymmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. In this paper we fill this gap by comparing point, sign and probability forecasts from a variety of Asymmetric-ECM (A-ECM) and Threshold Autoregressive ECM (TAR-ECM) specifications against a standard ECM. Forecasts from A-ECM and TAR-ECM subsume the RFH, while the ECM implies symmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. We quantify the forecast accuracy gains due to incorporating the RFH in predictive models for the prices of gasoline and diesel. We show that the RFH is useless for point forecasting, while it can be exploited to produce more accurate sign and probability forecasts. Finally, we highlight that the forecasting performance of the estimated models is time-varying.

Published
2014
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35. Biofuels and Food Prices: Searching for the Causal Link

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
Ethanol, Field Crops, Granger Causality, Forecasting, Structural Breaks, jel:C53, jel:Q42, jel:Q47, jel:Q13, jel:C22
Abstract

We analyze the relationship between the prices of ethanol, agricultural commodities and livestock in Nebraska, the U.S. second largest ethanol producer. The paper focuses on long-run relations and Granger causality linkages between ethanol and the other commodities. The analysis takes possible structural breaks into account and uses a set of techniques that allow to draw inferences about the existence of long-run relations and of short-run in-sample Granger causality and out-ofsample predictive ability. Even after taking breaks into account, evidence that the price of ethanol drives the price dynamics of the other commodities is extremely weak. It is concluded that, on the basis of a formal, comprehensive and rigorous causality analysis we do not find evidence in favour of the Food versus Fuel debate.

Published
2013

36. Food Versus Fuel: Causality and Predictability in Distribution

Author

Marzio Galeotti, Matteo Manera, and Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
Granger causality, business.industry, Biofuel, Commodity, Food prices, Economics, Econometrics, Distribution (economics), Sample (statistics), Predictability, business, Quantile
Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between biofuels and commodity food prices in the U.S. from a new perspective. While a large body of literature has tried to explain the linkages between sample means and volatilities associated with ethanol and agricultural price returns, little is known about their whole distributions. We focus on predictability in distribution by asking whether ethanol returns can be used to forecast different parts of field crops returns distribution, or vice versa. Density forecasts are constructed using Conditional Autoregressive Expectile models estimated with Asymmetric Least Squares. Forecast evaluation relies on quantile-weighed scoring rules, which identify regions of the distribution of interest to the analyst. Results show that both the centre and the left tail of the ethanol returns distribution can be predicted by using field crops returns. On the contrary, there is no evidence that ethanol can be used to forecast any region of the field crops distribution.

Published
2013
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37. Oil Price Forecast Evaluation with Flexible Loss Functions

Author

Elisa Scarpa, Anil Markandya, Andrea Bastianin, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
Econometric model, Spot contract, Series (mathematics), Economics, Econometrics, Financial modeling, Sample (statistics), Differential (mechanical device), Function (mathematics), Random walk
Abstract

The empirical literature is very far from any consensus about the appropriate model for oil price forecasting that should be implemented. Relative to the previous literature, this paper is novel in several respects. First of all, we test and systematically evaluate the ability of several alternative econometric specifications proposed in the literature to capture the dynamics of oil prices. Second, we analyse the effects of different data frequencies on the coefficient estimates and forecasts obtained using each selected econometric specification. Third, we compare different models at different data frequencies on a common sample and common data. Fourth, we evaluate the forecasting performance of each selected model using static forecasts, as well as different measures of forecast errors. Finally, we propose a new class of models which combine the relevant aspects of the financial and structural specifications proposed in the literature (“mixed” models). Our empirical findings suggest that, irrespective of the shape of the loss function, the class of financial models is to be preferred to time series models. Both financial and time series models are better than mixed and structural models. Results of the Diebold and Mariano test are not conclusive, for the loss differential seems to be statistically insignificant in the large majority of cases. Although the random walk model is not statistically outperformed by any of the alternative models, the empirical findings seem to suggest that theoretically well-grounded financial models are valid instruments for producing accurate forecasts of the WTI spot price.

Published
2012
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38. Oil Price Forecast Evaluation with Flexible Loss Functions

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Matteo Manera, Anil Markandya, and Elisa Scarpa

Subjects
jel:C52, jel:C53, jel:Q32, jel:Q43, Oil Price, WTI Spot and Futures Prices, Forecasting, Econometric Models
Abstract

The empirical literature is very far from any consensus about the appropriate model for oil price forecasting that should be implemented. Relative to the previous literature, this paper is novel in several respects. First of all, we test and systematically evaluate the ability of several alternative econometric specifications proposed in the literature to capture the dynamics of oil prices. Second, we analyse the effects of different data frequencies on the coefficient estimates and forecasts obtained using each selected econometric specification. Third, we compare different models at different data frequencies on a common sample and common data. Fourth, we evaluate the forecasting performance of each selected model using static forecasts, as well as different measures of forecast errors. Finally, we propose a new class of models which combine the relevant aspects of the financial and structural specifications proposed in the literature (“mixed” models). Our empirical findings suggest that, irrespective of the shape of the loss function, the class of financial models is to be preferred to time series models. Both financial and time series models are better than mixed and structural models. Results of the Diebold and Mariano test are not conclusive, for the loss differential seems to be statistically insignificant in the large majority of cases. Although the random walk model is not statistically outperformed by any of the alternative models, the empirical findings seem to suggest that theoretically well-grounded financial models are valid instruments for producing accurate forecasts of the WTI spot price.

Published
2011

39. Forecast Evaluation in Call Centers: Combined Forecasts, Flexible Loss Functions and Economic Criteria

Author

Andrea Bastianin, Marzio Galeotti, and Matteo Manera

Subjects
Econometrics, Economics, Range (statistics), Forecast skill, Pairwise comparison, Dimension (data warehouse), Consensus forecast, Forecast verification, Technology forecasting, Value of information
Abstract

Accurate forecasts of incoming calls are crucial to optimal staffing decisions in call centers. This paper evaluates a wide range of models and forecast combination techniques by means of statistical and economic criteria. Relative to the previous literature, this paper is novel in several respects. In particular, the statistical evaluation of competing models is carried out by using a flexible loss function as input to pairwise and joint forecast diagnostic checks. Informative rankings across alternative single models and different groups of models are obtained. Moreover, models are evaluated from the perspective of a manager, who needs reliable forecasts to dimension the call center. Money metrics of forecasting performance are computed, which are based on the economic value of information and the certainty equivalent.

Published
2011
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40. Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies

Author

Emanuele Massetti, Alice Favero, and Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
Finance, Carbon finance, Traditional investments, business.industry, Climate change, Nuclear power, Investment (macroeconomics), jel:Q43, jel:Q54, Greenhouse gas, jel:O11, jel:O32, Economics, Revenue, Climate Change, Mitigation, Carbon Finance, Emission Trading, Energy Investments, Emissions trading, jel:Q01, business
Abstract

In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term. However, the transition to a low-carbon world, although costly, appears to be manageable from a financial point of view. In particular, R&D financial needs can easily be accommodated using revenues from the carbon market, which is expected to eventually become more important than the oil market in terms of traded value.

Published
2010
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41. Modelling Asymmetric Dependence Using Copula Functions: An Application to Value-at-Risk in the Energy Sector

Author

Andrea Bastianin

Subjects
jel:G17, jel:C52, jel:C53, jel:Q43, jel:C32, Copula functions, Forecasting, Value-At-Risk
Abstract

In this paper I have used copula functions to forecast the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of an equally weighted portfolio comprising a small cap stock index and a large cap stock index for the oil and gas industry. The following empirical questions have been analyzed: (i) are there nonnormalities in the marginals? (ii) are there nonnormalities in the dependence structure? (iii) is it worth modelling these nonnormalities in risk- management applications? (iv) do complicated models perform better than simple models? As for questions (i) and (ii) I have shown that the data do deviate from the null of normality at the univariate, as well as at the multivariate level. When considering the dependence structure of the data I have found that asymmetries show up in their unconditional distribution, as well as in their unconditional copula. The VaR forecasting exercise has shown that models based on Normal marginals and/or with symmetric dependence structure fail to deliver accurate VaR forecasts. These findings confirm the importance of nonnormalities and asymmetries both in-sample and out-of-sample.

Published
2009
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