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This study was a pilot examination of the religiousness of student athletes as compared to nonathletes. Participants were 248 undergraduate students (84 athletes) at the University of Florida who were enrolled in randomly chosen courses within the Department of Counselor Education. To assess the organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic dimensions of religion, the Duke Religion Index was used. Findings indicate that male and female athletes reported higher degrees of organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic religiousness than male nonathletes. Implications of these Findings on future research and applied sport practice are discussed.

Background: Major depression with comorbid anxiety disorder is associated with poor antidepressant outcome compared with major depression without comorbid anxiety disorder. The purpose of our study was to assess changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety levels in outpatients with major depression with comorbid anxiety disorder following 12 weeks of open treatment with fluvoxamine. Method: We enrolled 30 outpatients (mean ± SD age = 39.4 ± 11.3 years; 16 women and 14 men) with DSM-IV major depressive disorder accompanied by one or more current comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders in our study. Patients were treated openly with fluvoxamine initiated at 50 mg/day, with an upward titration to a maximum of 200 mg/day (mean ± SD dose = 143 ± 45 mg/day). Efficacy assessments included the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) scales for both depression and anxiety. Intent-to-treat analysis was used to assess outcome. Results: The mean ± SD number of comorbid anxiety disorders per patient was 2. 1 ± 1.1. Following fluvoxamine treatment, the mean ± SD HAM-D-17 score dropped from 20.2 ± 3.3 to 11.0 ± 7.0 (p

Tolcapone is a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor that has shown efficacy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The authors undertook the first study on the efficacy of this COMT inhibitor in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The authors also wanted to assess the effects of tolcapone on the choline and myoinositol resonances in the left caudate and dorsolateral frontal lobe through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and on whole blood levels of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe). The study enrolled 21 adults (10 men and 11 women; mean age, 42.6 +/- 9.6 years) with MDD, which was diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and an initial score of > or = 16 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17). Patients were then treated openly for 8 weeks with tolcapone 400 mg twice daily. Treatment efficacy was assessed with the HAM-D-17, the Clinical Global Impressions Severity (CGI-S) scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Among all subjects (N = 21), there were significant (p < .0001) decreases at endpoint in HAM-D-17 scores (from 19.4 +/- 2.9 to 10.7 +/- 5.5), CGI-S scores (from 3.9 +/- 0.6 to 2.4 +/- 1.1), and BDI scores (from 21.6 +/- 8.1 to 12.3 +/- 8.6). Eight patients (38%) dropped out before completing the 8-week open study because of diarrhea, elevated liver function tests, increased anxiety, and noncompliance. No significant effects were noted on choline and myoinositol resonance or on SAMe levels in whole blood before and after 2 weeks of tolcapone treatment. The preliminary results suggest that tolcapone may be a promising agent in the treatment of MDD. Furthermore, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are necessary to confirm this impression.