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1. Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Author

TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger K. Schmidt, Klaus S. Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, TeaComposition Network, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Jean Francois Lamarque, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Casper T. Christiansen, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, E. Carol Adair, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward R. Crawford, Elena F. Tropina, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leadro Souza, Franz Zehetner, Fulgence Kouamé Koffi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, Héctor A. Bahamonde, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Helena Cristina Serrano, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Inge van Halder, Inmaculada García Quirós, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Jonathan von Oppen, Jörg Löffler, José Luis Benito Alonso, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, Joseph C. Morina, Juan Darío Quinde, Juan J. Jiménez, Juha M. Alatalo, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Karel Van den Meersche, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, Laura J. Williams, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Liesbeth van den Brink, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Luciana Silva Carneiro, Luciano Di Martino, Luis Villar, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Maria Guadalupe Almazan Torres, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Michele Di Musciano, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, Mohammed H. Alsafaran, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, Peter B. Reich, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, Rosario G. Gavilán, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Umberto Morra di Cella, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Valter Di Cecco, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, and Zsolt Tóth

Subjects
tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1–3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.

Published
2021
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3. Effects of biochar on dry matter production and competitive ability of Rumex obtusifolius L.

Author

Andreas Bohner, Bernhard Wimmer, Wilhelm Graiss, Matthias Kandolf, Josef Kaufmann, Martina Schink, and Gerhard Soja

Subjects
Pot experiment, grassland soil, nutrient requirement, interspecific competition, weed control, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Rumex obtusifolius L. (broad-leaved dock) is one of the most troublesome weeds in intensively managed grassland. This study investigated the potential of biochar (BC), produced from woody green waste residues, to support its control. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted out of doors in Austria. It was expected that R. obtusifolius could be controlled by reducing available N content in the soil. R. obtusifolius and two grass species, Lolium multiflorum and Dactylis glomerata, were grown from seeds in monocultures, respectively. Moreover, R. obtusifolius was grown in mixtures with L. multiflorum. Due to a pure BC addition to soil (3% by wt), the concentrations of N, S, Ca and Mg in the shoot biomass decreased relative to the control in all three species, suggesting a dilution effect. The K concentration, however, increased only in R. obtusifolius, indicating its high absorp­tion capacity for K. In R. obtusifolius, K rather than N was the most growth-limiting nutrient element. The K level in soil appears to be important in controlling its distribution. To prevent Rumex infestation and/or to reduce existing infestations, a high soil K supply should be avoided. The average shoot dry weight of all three species was significantly higher when BC was applied (by 247%, 65% and 108%, in R. obtusifolius, L. multiflorum and D. glomerata, respectively), presumably because of a better K supply in soil. R. obtusifolius responded to interspecific competition with L. multiflorum by a density-dependent reduction of its shoot growth. BC did not decrease the competitive ability of Rumex in mixtures with Lolium. It is concluded that the addition of woody green waste BC to soil is no successful strategy for controlling R. obtusifolius in grassland. However, the results of this study can serve as a basis for preventive measures to Rumex control. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2016.08.03, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2016.08.03

Published
2016

4. Preliminary study about soil compaction and awareness in grasslands in Carinthia (south Austria)

Author

Glenda Garcia Santos, Marianna Puff, Martin Orel, and Andreas Bohner

Abstract

The study of the causes and possible remediation strategies at regional level complies with the current European Green deal to monitor soil compaction. We have investigated the influence of different management strategies (use of cattle and machinery) on the storage density and the penetration resistance of permanent grasslands in the south of Austria (Carinthia) based on the recent evidences of soil compaction in two grasslands as studied by Klinger et al. in (2019). Based on this, we have extended the study by selecting more than ten grasslands within two catchments with different management strategies.The studied indicators were bulk density, soil texture, plant indicators, infiltration capacity, water repellence, water content and electric conductivity at the surface level. Soil profiles of approximately 30 cm were also studied to detect the possible compaction layer and vertical bulk density variations. First results may explain spatial topographical differences i.e. slope and hydrological soil properties and interestingly in some cases, possible correlation between the use of cattle and number of entries in the field and compaction level. We checked if these results contributed or matched farmers awareness.

Published
2023

5. Deriving regional pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density in Austria

Author

Andreas Bohner, Ambros Berger, Cecilie Foldal, and Robert Jandl

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, Linear model, Soil Science, Sampling (statistics), Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Bulk density, Pedotransfer function, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Summary Soil bulk density is a required variable for quantifying stocks of elements in soils and is therefore instrumental for the evaluation of land-use related climate change mitigation measures. Our motivation was to derive a set of pedotransfer functions for soil bulk densities usable to accommodate different levels of data availabilities. We derived sets of linear equations for bulk density that are appropriate for different forms of land-use. After introducing uncertainty factors for measured parameters, we ran the linear models repeatedly in a Monte Carlo simulation in order to test the impact of inaccuracy. The reliability of the models was evaluated by a cross-validation. The single best predictor of soil bulk density is the content of soil organic carbon, yielding estimates with an adjusted R2 of approximately 0.5. A slight improvement of the estimate is possible when additionally, soil texture and soil depth are known. Residual analysis advocated the derivation of land-use specific models. Using transformed variables and assessing land-use specific pedotransfer functions, the determination coefficient (adjusted R2) of the multiple linear models ranged from 0.43 in cropland up to 0.65 for grassland soils. Compared to pedotransfer function, from the literature, the performance of the linear modes were similar but more accurate. Taking into account the likely inaccuracies when measuring soil organic carbon, the soil bulk density can be estimated with an accuracy of +/− 9 to 25% depending on land-use. We recommend measuring soil bulk density by standardized sampling of undisturbed soil cores, followed by post-processing of the samples in the lab by internationally harmonized protocols. Our pedotransfer functions are accurately and transparently presented, and derived from well-documented and high-quality soil data sets. We therefore consider them particularly useful in Austria, where the measured values for soil bulk densities are not available.

Published
2020

6. Evaluation of different revegetation measures on mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler (Styria, Austria)

Author

Andreas Bohner, Silvia Winter, and Franz Starlinger

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, engineering.material, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lolium perenne, lime addition, ansaat, GE1-350, Revegetation, Lime, Agrostis capillaris, Poa pratensis, mountain pastures, biology, strohaufbringung, kalkung, rindermistzufuhr, Sowing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, seed addition, Environmental sciences, almweiden, Agronomy, Mudflow, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, straw application, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Festuca rubra, cattle manure application, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Summary In mountain regions, the likelihood of mudflows might increase due to climate change. Although mudflows are common worldwide and devastate agricultural land, virtually nothing is known about the revegetation of mudflow deposits for agricultural purposes. To provide recommendations for rapid revegetation of mountain pastures, 52 permanent plots (4 m × 4 m) on 20 revegetated mudflow deposits in the Nature Park Sölktäler were established. We evaluated different revegetation measures (seed addition alone or combined with application of straw, lime or cattle manure) two years after sowing using commercial clover-grass seed mixtures. Furthermore, 27 permanent plots on 15 unsown mudflow deposits were surveyed. Sowing seeds can considerably accelerate revegetation on siliceous mudflow deposits. Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus are particularly suitable for rapid grassland reestablishment, whereas Poa pratensis is not recommendable. A pure straw application should be avoided because it delays the revegetation success. Lime addition is not recommended because it can lead to an undesirable legume dominance if clover-grass seed mixtures are used for revegetation. The most effective measure for large-scale revegetation seems to be seed addition without additives. To facilitate revegetation on coarse-grained deposits, large rocks should be crushed using a stone mill.

Published
2020

7. Ecological responses of semi-natural grasslands to abandonment: case studies in three mountain regions in the Eastern Alps

Author

Johann G. Zaller, Arne Arnberger, Johannes Karrer, David Brandl, Ronnie Walcher, Kerstin Michel, Andreas Bohner, and Thomas Frank

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Topsoil, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, ved/biology, Ecology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Paleontology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Vegetation, Soil carbon, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Grassland, Plant ecology, Brachypodium pinnatum, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness
Abstract

Semi-natural, extensively managed, grasslands are among the most species-rich agroecosystems in Europe. However, they are threatened by abandonment. We investigated the response of semi-natural grasslands to cessation of mowing at ten sites in three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Switzerland and Austria. We assessed vegetation characteristics, topsoil properties and microbially mediated soil processes by comparing once-a-year mowed with adjacent long-term abandoned grasslands on semi-dry, nutrient-poor, base-rich soils. Plant litter decomposition was determined using standardized substrates (Tea Bag Index). Soil microbial community composition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Abandonment altered floristic composition by replacing shade-intolerant or low-growing grassland species, in particular character species of the alliance Bromion erecti, with medium- to tall-sized grasses (e.g. Brachypodium pinnatum) and tall herbs (e.g. Laserpitium latifolium). Time since abandonment had an influence on the magnitude of successional changes after abandonment. Cessation of mowing increased above-ground phytomass but decreased plant species richness and evenness. Abandonment increased soil microbial biomass, promoted litter decomposition and led to an increased soil organic carbon, C:N ratio, and inorganic N supply. Our findings also showed that abandoned grasslands dominated by grasses remained shrub- and treeless for several decades.

Published
2019

9. Impact of land-use change in mountain semi-dry meadows on plants, litter decomposition and earthworms

Author

Johann G. Zaller, Raja Imran Hussain, Andreas Bohner, Arne Arnberger, Ronnie Walcher, Ines Jernej, and Thomas Frank

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Soil biology, lcsh:QR1-502, Biodiversity, lcsh:QH1-278.5, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Physiology, lcsh:Oceanography, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:Zoology, Ruderal species, lcsh:GC1-1581, lcsh:QL1-991, lcsh:Human ecology. Anthropogeography, lcsh:Science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:GE1-350, Biomass (ecology), lcsh:QP1-981, Ecology, lcsh:Natural history (General), Species diversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, lcsh:QK1-989, lcsh:Biology (General), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Plant cover, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Ecology, Species richness, lcsh:GF1-900
Abstract

Traditionally managed mountain grasslands are biodiversity hotspots in central Europe. However, socio-economic trends in agriculture during the last decades have changed farming practices, leaving steep and remote sites abandoned. Especially the abandonment of meadows is well known to directly affect plant and insect diversity. However, not much is known about the effects on soil processes and soil biota. To assess this, we studied four extensively managed (mown once a year, no fertilization) and four abandoned (no mowing, no fertilization) semi-dry meadows in a mountain region in Austria. Plant species richness, plant cover, plant traits, plant biomass, litter decomposition (tea bag index), and earthworm species richness and density were assessed. Additionally, soil temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity were measured. Results showed that managed meadows contained more plant species than abandoned meadows (118 vs. 93 species, respectively). We also observed different plant species assemblages between the two management types. In managed meadows, hemirosette and ruderal plant species were more abundant, while more plant species without rosettes and a higher plant necromass were found in abandoned meadows. Additionally, decomposition rate was higher in abandoned meadows. There was a trend towards higher earthworm densities in managed meadows, but there was no difference in earthworm species richness. We conclude that meadow management has effects on both aboveground vegetation and belowground biota and processes. Both abandoned and extensively managed meadows were important to sustain overall biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the study region.

Published
2019

10. Monitoring agroecological transformation processes induced by climate and agricultural innovations over time and space

Author

Heide Spiegel, Julia Miloczki, Bernhard Freyer, Andreas Surböck, Jürgen K. Friedel, Hans-Peter Kaul, Helmut Wagentristl, Andreas Schaumberger, Renate Mayer, Andreas Bohner, Veronika Gaube, and Taru Sandén

Abstract

Sustainable agricultural production of food, feed, fibre and fuel with limited agricultural land to cover human demands and at the same time to secure natural resources is currently one of the biggest global challenges. Changes in agricultural management to ensure fertile soils, stable yields and product qualities and to avoid adverse environmental impacts, affect various soil and plant characteristics, agrobiodiversity and the micro-climate of agroecosystems.Long-term field experiments (LTEs) are indispensable to detect and understand impacts of climate (drought, heat, floods, frost) and agricultural innovations on soils and plants. Amongst agricultural innovations are adaptions of crop rotations to climate change, efficient fertilisation systems with and without livestock, reduced soil tillage intensity, the conversion of a whole landscape section from conventional to organic farming and introducing landscape elements like flowering strips or hegdes that serve, e.g., as habitats for pollinators and beneficials.For the evaluation of impacts of climate change and agricultural innovations, researchers of agricultural long-term ecological research (LTER) sites in Austria have developed indicators to enable the systematic comparison of long-term trials impact on soil-plant systems in different agroecological zones of Austria and Europe, respectively, including different agro-ecosystems, e.g., arable land and grassland. Examples for soil indicators include soil characteristics like organic carbon, nutrients and contaminants, biological and physical (e.g., porosity, structure) indicators that have already been measured since many years in various field experiments. Embedded in long-term socio-ecological regions (LTSER), which allow analyzing long-term socio-economic and biophysical drivers of change in agricultural management, these agricultural LTER sites contribute crucial insights into the interaction between nature and society.

Published
2021

11. Effects of management cessation on hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) across Austrian and Swiss mountain meadows

Author

Johann G. Zaller, David Brandl, Arne Arnberger, Thomas Frank, Ronnie Walcher, Andreas Bohner, Johannes Karrer, and Raja Imran Hussain

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, lcsh:QH1-199.5, lcsh:QR1-502, lcsh:QH1-278.5, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Physiology, lcsh:Oceanography, Pollinator, Abundance (ecology), lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:GC1-1581, lcsh:QL1-991, lcsh:Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Netting, lcsh:Science, lcsh:QH301-705.5, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:QP1-981, Ecology, Land use, lcsh:Natural history (General), lcsh:QK1-989, 010602 entomology, Geography, lcsh:Biology (General), Habitat, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Ecology, Species richness, lcsh:GF1-900, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Extensively managed grasslands, particularly in mountain regions, are considered to be one of the most diverse agroecosystems worldwide. Their decline due to land use abandonment affects the diversity of both plants and associated pollinators. Extensive grasslands constitute an important habitat type and food resource for hoverflies (syrphids); however, not much is known about the effects of abandonment on this important pollinator group. In the present study, we investigated how abandonment affects species richness and the composition of syrphids in mountainous meadows. We recorded the richness of vascular plants, vegetation cover, flower cover and the surrounding landscape to examine whether and how syrphids are affected by plant and landscape parameters. We investigated the species richness, abundance and species composition of syrphids by sweep netting and by using observation plots in 18 semidry meadows across two Austrian regions and one Swiss region. For each region, we selected three meadows abandoned for more than 20 years and three annually mown non-fertilized meadows. Abandonment or mowing had no significant effect on the total number of syrphid species or individuals or on the number of aphidophagous and non-aphidophagous species and individuals. However, the total number of species and the number of non-aphidophagous species significantly increased with the increasing number of plant species. The surrounding landscape and other plant parameters showed no association with the assessed syrphid parameters. Although syrphids were unaffected by abandonment, higher syrphid species numbers in response to a higher plant richness in annual mown meadows suggest that the management of mountain meadows is beneficial in preserving syrphid richness.

Published
2020

12. A socio‐ecological model for predicting impacts of land‐use and climate change on regional plant diversity in the Austrian Alps

Author

Claudine Egger, Franz Essl, Stefan Dullinger, Wolfgang Willner, Veronika Gaube, Christian Gilli, Johannes Wessely, Kathrin Pascher, Andreas Mayer, Christoph Plutzar, Helmut Haberl, Andreas Bohner, Dietmar Moser, Iwona Dullinger, and Andreas Gattringer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, plant species distribution, Species distribution, Biodiversity, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use change, Environmental Chemistry, Primary Research Article, Land use, land-use change and forestry, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Agent-based model, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, species distribution model, Environmental resource management, land‐use change, Global change, Primary Research Articles, agent-based model, plant diversity, Europe, Geography, climate change, Social ecological model, agent‐based model, business
Abstract

Climate and land‐use change jointly affect the future of biodiversity. Yet, biodiversity scenarios have so far concentrated on climatic effects because forecasts of land use are rarely available at appropriate spatial and thematic scales. Agent‐based models (ABMs) represent a potentially powerful but little explored tool for establishing thematically and spatially fine‐grained land‐use scenarios. Here, we use an ABM parameterized for 1,329 agents, mostly farmers, in a Central European model region, and simulate the changes to land‐use patterns resulting from their response to three scenarios of changing socio‐economic conditions and three scenarios of climate change until the mid of the century. Subsequently, we use species distribution models to, first, analyse relationships between the realized niches of 832 plant species and climatic gradients or land‐use types, respectively, and, second, to project consequent changes in potential regional ranges of these species as triggered by changes in both the altered land‐use patterns and the changing climate. We find that both drivers determine the realized niches of the studied plants, with land use having a stronger effect than any single climatic variable in the model. Nevertheless, the plants' future distributions appear much more responsive to climate than to land‐use changes because alternative future socio‐economic backgrounds have only modest impact on land‐use decisions in the model region. However, relative effects of climate and land‐use changes on biodiversity may differ drastically in other regions, especially where landscapes are still dominated by natural or semi‐natural habitat. We conclude that agent‐based modelling of land use is able to provide scenarios at scales relevant to individual species distribution and suggest that coupling ABMs with models of species' range change should be intensified to provide more realistic biodiversity forecasts., Land‐use and climate change will have important effects on the future of biodiversity. We predict changes to the potential distribution of vascular plants in response to these two drivers in a region of the Austrian Alps. We therefore combine agent‐based modelling of land owners' decisions with species distribution modelling. We find that both drivers determine the realized niches of the studied plants, with land use having a stronger effect than any single climatic variable in the model. Nevertheless, the plants' future distributions appear more responsive to climate than to land‐use changes.

Published
2020

13. In-situ Beschreibung des Wurzelsystems von Hopfen und Mais über Freilegung am Bodenprofil

Author

Margarita Himmelbauer, Monika Sobotik, Gernot Bodner, Andreas Bohner, Willibald Loiskandl, and T. Graf

Subjects
mais, Ecology (disciplines), Soil Science, wurzelanatomie, Biology, maize, bewässerung, irrigation, hopfen, root anatomy, Environmental sciences, hops, wurzelsystem, Animal Science and Zoology, GE1-350, root system, Agronomy and Crop Science, Humanities
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Tagung „Wurzel und Rhizosphäre: Ökophysiologie, Humushaushalt und Bodenmanagement” im September 2015 wurden Wurzelfreilegungen von Hopfen und Mais in Wolnzach (Bayern) durchgeführt. Das Hauptziel der Untersuchungen war, die Möglichkeiten und den Wert von Wurzelfreilegungen im Feld zu demonstrieren. Für die Hopfenfreilegungen konnten die sichtbaren oberirdischen Unterschiede auch durch die Bewurzelungsweise erklärt werden. Der Einfluss der Bewässerung auf das Wurzelwachstum wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Die schwächer entwickelten Hopfenpflanzen wiesen eine Wurzeltiefe von ca. 130 cm auf, während die Wurzeln der gut entwickelten Pflanzen bis in eine Tiefe von 370 cm verfolgt werden konnten. Weiters wurden Maispflanzen bei konservierender Bodenbearbeitung mit Direktsaat untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Standorten konnten mehr Sprosswurzeln und lange Seitenwurzeln bis in eine Bodentiefe von 140 cm gefunden werden.

Published
2018

14. Organic soil carbon in Austria – Status quo and foreseeable trends

Author

Ernst Leitgeb, Robert Jandl, Cecilie Foldal, Erik Obersteiner, Andreas Bohner, Heide Spiegel, Andreas Baumgarten, Hans-Peter Haslmayr, Christian Rodlauer, Sigbert Huber, Michael Englisch, Michael Schwarz, Günther Aust, Daniel Horvath, and Peter Weiss

Subjects
Land use, business.industry, Soil organic matter, Land management, Soil Science, Reforestation, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural land, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Afforestation, Land development, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We compiled information from different sources in order to establish a comprehensive map of the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the upper 30 cm under different forms of land use for Austria. The information serves as a baseline for the evaluation of the potential of climate-change mitigation measures. SOC sequestration plays an important role in the discussion of terrestrial carbon (C) sinks and the size of the SOC pool is one of several quality measures for crop production and the national and regional food security. The baseline serves also for the evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptive land management in order to cope with climate change. Austrian croplands, grasslands, forests, and settlements contain 300 Mt SOC. Peatlands have the highest SOC density (220 t C/ha), yet cover only about 2% of the country. Forest soils store 106 t C/ha and comprise the largest pool due to the coverage of more than 4 Mha (48% of the country). Intensively and extensively managed grasslands cover 0.8 Mha (10%) and contain between 91 and 113 t C/ha, and cropland on 1.28 Mha (15%) hold on average 62 t C/ha. Due to the geographic heterogeneity of Austria with respect to climatic conditions, geology and soils, and topography the regional differences in SOC stocks are large. Measures to increase the SOC stock in cropland have been applied for 25 years within agri-environmental and climate-smart strategies. An increase of the total SOC pool is expected due to the afforestation and reforestation of marginal agricultural land and to a smaller extent due to the restoration of peatlands. A decline of the SOC stock is a consequence of land development for settlements and infrastructure.

Published
2021

15. Bodenverdichtung im Dauergrünland und ihre Auswirkung auf die Grünlandvegetation

Author

Philipp Gehmacher, Gernot Bodner, Andreas Bohner, and Peter Strauss

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, pore volume, bulk density, grassland soils, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 01 natural sciences, bodenverdichtungszeiger, eindringwiderstand, Environmental sciences, grünlandböden, indicator species for soil compaction, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, GE1-350, Animal Science and Zoology, porenvolumen, penetration resistance, Agronomy and Crop Science, lagerungsdichte, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die Bodenverdichtung ist ein aktuelles Problem der intensiven Grünlandwirtschaft. Daher wurden in einem repräsentativen österreichischen Grünlandgebiet an 22 unterschiedlichen Standorten die Lagerungsdichte (LD), der Eindringwiderstand (EW) und das Porenvolumen von typischen Dauergrünlandböden (Braunerde, Pseudogley, Gley) bis zu einer Bodentiefe von 30 cm bestimmt, um die bodenverdichtende Wirkung einer intensiven Grünlandbewirtschaftung beurteilen zu können. Außerdem wurde geprüft, ob zwischen den bodenphysikalischen Parametern und dem Auftreten von Bodenverdichtungszeigern im Pflanzenbestand ein Zusammenhang existiert. Der Verdichtungszustand von Dauergrünlandböden hängt von den Bodeneigenschaften (Humusgehalt, Bodenart), der Bewirtschaftungsform und der Nutzungsintensität ab. Die Verdichtungsempfindlichkeit sinkt mit steigendem Humus- und Tongehalt im Boden. Bei hoher Nutzungsintensität sind die Dauergrünlandböden mäßig überverdichtet. Die stärkste Bodenverdichtung entsteht infolge intensiver Beweidung mit Rindern. Durch Viehtritt wird der Boden insbesondere bis in 15 cm Tiefe verdichtet. Häufiges Befahren mit Grünlandmaschinen bewirkt eine Verdichtung zumindest bis 25 cm Bodentiefe. Die Mähweiden nehmen hinsichtlich Bodenverdichtung eine Mittelstellung zwischen Wiesen und Weiden ein. Die Gefahr einer ertragsmindernden Schadverdichtung steigt in Lehmböden beträchtlich, wenn innerhalb der oberen Bodenschicht (0-20 cm) eine Verdichtungszone mit einer LD über 1,40 g/cm3 oder einem EW größer als 2,00 MPa auftritt. Die Bodenverdichtung wird im Dauergrünland durch Zeigerpflanzen zuverlässig indiziert. Ranunculus repens ist ein besonders sensitiver Bioindikator für Bodenverdichtung.

Published
2017

16. Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Grünlandökosystemen - eine Fallstudie aus dem österreichischen Berggebiet / Carbon storage in grassland ecosystems – A case study from a mountainous region of Austria

Author

Cecilie Foldal, Robert Jandl, and Andreas Bohner

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, grassland soils, Ecology (disciplines), Soil Science, biomasseallokation, 01 natural sciences, grünlandböden, GE1-350, almböden, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, grassland management, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, kohlenstoff-vorräte, carbon stocks, Environmental sciences, Carbon storage, Geography, grünlandbewirtschaftung, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, mountain grassland soils, Animal Science and Zoology, biomass allocation, Grassland ecosystem, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die Speicherung des Kohlenstoffs (C) in Grünlandökosystemen ist in Österreich unzureichend untersucht. An drei unterschiedlichen Dauergrünland-Standorten in der Steiermark wurden für sechs repräsentative Vegetationstypen die C-Gehalte in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten des Ökosystems ermittelt, um den gesamten C-Vorrat abschätzen zu können. Die C-Speicherung wird maßgeblich vom Vegetationstyp, von den Bodeneigenschaften (insbesondere Bodentemperatur, Wasser- und Nährstoffgehalt, amorphe Eisen- und Aluminium-Oxide) und von der Bewirtschaftungsintensität (Düngung, Nutzungshäufigkeit) determiniert. Der gesamte C-Vorrat beträgt in montanen und subalpinen Grünlandökosystemen 6-10 kg C m−2. Durch Düngung kann der C-Vorrat erhöht und durch Überbeweidung oder Mahd ohne Düngung verringert werden. Die C-Speicherung im Grünlandökosystem ist bei mittlerer Bewirtschaftungsintensität am höchsten. Grünlandböden speichern deutlich mehr C als die Grünlandvegetation. Der C-Vorrat beträgt in montanen Dauergrünlandböden (0-50 cm) 5-10 kg C m−2 und in skelettreichen Almböden (0-30 cm) 5-7 kg C m−2. In montanen Grünlandböden werden beträchtliche C-Mengen (>40 %) im Unterboden (10-50 cm) gespeichert. In Almböden ist die C-Speicherung stärker auf den Oberboden konzentriert. Für die C-Speicherung im Unterboden haben amorphe Fe- und Al-Oxide eine große Bedeutung. Die Wurzelmasse bestimmt maßgeblich die C-Konzentration im Oberboden. Wurzel- und Stoppelmasse sind vor allem in Magerwiesen und Almweiden bedeutende C-Speicher und relevante Humusbildner. Bewirtschaftungsbedingte C-Vorratsänderungen treten vor allem im Oberboden auf.

Published
2016

17. 'Healthy Alps' Alpine landscapes under global change: Impacts of land-use change on regulating ecosystem services, biodiversity, human health and well-being

Author

Peter Wallner, Ronnie Walcher, Ines Jernej, Andrej Stefanov, Mathias Hofmann, Leopold Sachslehner, Raja Imran Hussain, Georg Wanek, Johann G. Zaller, Thomas Frank, Arne Arnberger, Manuela Winkler, Johannes Wessely, Sarah Böhm, Andreas Bohner, Martin Ebenberger, David Brandl, Nicole Bauer, Brigitte Allex, Renate Eder, Kerstin Michel, and Hans-Peter Hutter

Subjects
Human health, Geography, business.industry, Well-being, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, Global change, Land use, land-use change and forestry, business, Ecosystem services
Published
2019

18. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author

Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained

Published
2018

19. Avalanches keep habitats open and species-rich in the montane and subalpine belt

Author

Heinz Habeler, Andreas Bohner, Franz Starlinger, and Michael Suanjak

Subjects
Vascular plant, lcsh:GE1-350, Ecology, biology, National park, Biodiversity, lcsh:G1-922, Vegetation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Debris, Geography, Habitat, Natural hazard, Species richness, lcsh:Environmental sciences, lcsh:Geography (General), Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

From a conservation point of view, avalanches are a natural ecological process. However, they can also endanger people and cause serious damage to buildings and infrastructure. From an anthropocentric point of view, protective measures in the form of avalanche barriers are necessary. Avalanche barriers in the starting zone of avalanches can prevent avalanche events. Hence there is a conflict between nature conservation and protection against natural hazards. This study aimed primarily at assessing the conservation value of active avalanche tracks. To this end we examined 16 plant stands on three different avalanche tracks in the Gesause National Park (Styria, Austria) and recorded butterfly species at the same time. On the investigated avalanche tracks, the soils are very shallow, stony, periodically dry, nutrient-poor, base-rich rendzinas developed over limestone debris. The sites are scree-covered, steep and mainly east-facing slopes located in the montane belt. The plant stands investigated belong mainly to the Origano-Calamagrostietum variae community. This study of biodiversity concludes that under these conditions the vegetation in active avalanche tracks is characterized by a high richness of vascular plant species. On average, a plot size of 20 m² contains 71 vascular plant species and 5 bryophyte species. The species-rich plant stands, colourful when in bloom, are dominated by herbs, resulting in a high aesthetic value and an increased diversity of butterflies. The avalanche tracks investigated have a high conservation value because natural ecological processes continue to happen, leading to near-natural and species-rich disclimax communities.

Published
2015

20. Landscape Ecology / Diversity of bumblebees, heteropteran bugs and grasshoppers maintained by both: abandonment and extensive management of mountain meadows in three regions across the Austrian and Swiss Alps

Author

Thomas Frank, Bärbel Pachinger, David Brandl, Arne Arnberger, Andreas Bohner, Leopold Sachslehner, Johann G. Zaller, Ronnie Walcher, and Johannes Karrer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Herbivore, Ecology, biology, Geography, Planning and Development, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mountain grassland, Heteroptera, 010602 entomology, Habitat, Species assemblages, Pollinator, Abundance (ecology), Orthoptera, Species richness, Landscape ecology, Grasshopper, Bumblebee, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Bombus sp
Abstract

Context Abandonment of extensively managed meadows is an ongoing global challenge in recent decades, particularly in mountain regions, and directly affects plant diversity. However, the extent to which plant diversity further affects associated insect pollinators or herbivores is little investigated. Objectives We focused on the effects of abandonment of mountain meadows on species richness and assemblages of bumblebees, bugs and grasshoppers. Specifically, we investigated the influence of vegetation cover, flower cover, plant richness and surrounding landscape on the three insect groups. Methods Species richness, abundance and species assemblages of bumblebees, bugs and grasshoppers were surveyed in one Swiss and two Austrian regions: three meadows which had been abandoned for 1560 years, and three extensively managed meadows (mown once a year, no use of fertilizers). We surveyed bumblebees and bugs by sweep net, and grasshoppers using the time-effective soundscape approach. Results Bumblebee species richness and abundance were significantly higher in managed meadows, whereas bug and grasshopper richness and abundance showed no differences between both management types. Managed and abandoned meadows harboured significantly different species assemblages of bugs and grasshoppers, but not of bumblebees. Increasing flower cover and plant richness increased bumblebee richness, but correlated negatively with richness of bugs. Surrounding open landscape positively affected bugs. Caelifera positively correlated with surrounding forest cover and negatively with vegetation cover. Vegetation cover positively affected Ensifera. Conclusions Abandoned and extensively managed meadows are important habitat types for the conservation of the three insect groups, thus suggesting the maintenance of both habitat types within mountain landscapes. (VLID)2786607

Published
2017

21. Functional traits and local environment predict vegetation responses to disturbance: a pan-European multi-site experiment

Author

Theresa Waldmann, Lars Lundin, M. Taylor, Grégory Loucougaray, Rob W. Brooker, Juha Pykälä, Wolfgang Schmidt, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Robert Kanka, Adam J. Vanbergen, Jutta Stadler, Elena Preda, Angheluta Vadineanu, Ilona Mészáros, Ulf Grandin, Alan Gray, Bernard Prévosto, Thomas Dirnböck, Stefan Klotz, Alison J. Hester, Bruno De Cinti, Laurent Bergès, Giorgio Matteucci, Andreas Bohner, Viktor Oláh, and Luc De Bruyn

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Specific leaf area, Plant community, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Grassland, Common species, Environmental science, Leaf size, Ecosystem, Trampling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

1. Disturbance is one of the most important factors structuring the taxonomic and functional composition of vegetation. Vegetation resistance or resilience to disturbance depends on local environmental conditions, further modifying the pool of species and traits. This paper aims to understand how disturbance and local environment combine to affect the resistance and resilience of vegetation. 2. A functional-trait approach was used to detect traits related to vegetation resistance and resilience, and trait attributes of individual species responding to disturbance. Trait approaches enable comparison of vegetation responses across biogeographic regions containing different species pools. 3. At 35 European forest and grassland sites, experimental disturbance (human trampling) was applied at five intensities. Indices for resistance and resilience were calculated, based on total vegetation cover, and related to climate and local site factors. Additional indices were calculated for the most common species to demonstrate traits that confer resistance and resilience to disturbance. 4. Vegetation resistance was related to occurrence of species with traits selected by a history of intensive land use (smaller leaf size, rosette plant form) and local environmental conditions. Vegetation resilience, however, was associated with ecosystem properties that facilitate higher growth rates. Resilient vegetation occurred where irradiation was higher (grasslands, open forests) with sufficient water availability (summer precipitation, humidity) and comprised of species with traits related to enhanced growth rates (increased specific leaf area, decreased leaf dry matter content). 5. Synthesis. This pan-European disturbance experiment demonstrates that different drivers (land use or climate) of vegetation response show different mechanistic responses to physical disturbance. Resistance depends on the functional composition of predominant species in the assemblage, which is strongly affected by land-use history; resilience is directly connected to growth rates affected by climate. We argue for the inclusion of land-use history and climate into the planning process for visitor management, especially in areas of high conservation interest.

Published
2011

22. Kapitel 5: Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Pedosphäre

Author

Clemens Geitner, Georg Dersch, Klaus Katzensteiner, Erwin Murer, Walter W. Wenzel, Andreas Klik, Winfried E. H. Blum, Andreas Bohner, Andreas Baumgarten, Gerhard Markart, Peter Strauss, Barbara Kitzler, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Rosa Margesin, Hans-Peter Haslmayr, Michael Englisch, Robert Jandl, Paul Illmer, Sigbert Huber, Heide Spiegel, Alexandra Freudenschuss, and Dieter Stöhr

Subjects
Humanities
Published
2014

23. BE-NATUR: Transnational Management of Natura 2000 Sites

Author

Botond Bakó, András Schmidt, Fănica Başcău, Imre Petróczi, Renate Mayer, A. Moisuc, Petra Sterl, Péter Szinai, Andreas Bohner, Massimiliano Costa, Tobias Köstl, Zsófia Fábián, Radojica Gavrilovic, Denise Zak, Ditta Greguss, Daniel Kreiner, Georgeta Ivanov, Claudia Plank, Bettina Plank, Bertalan Balczó, Ionel Samfira, Attila Gazda, Viorica Bîscă, Róbert Benedek Sallai, Henrietta Dósa, Veronica Sărăţeanu, Hanns Kirchmeir, Danka Randjic, and Zoltán Árgay

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental resource management, business, Natura 2000, Humanities
Abstract

Renate Mayer, Claudia Plank, Bettina Plank, Andreas Bohner, Veronica Saraţeanu, Ionel Samfira, Alexandru Moisuc, Hanns Kirchmeir, Tobias Kostl, Denise Zak, Zoltan Argay, Henrietta Dosa, Attila Gazda, Bertalan Balczo, Ditta Greguss, Botond Bako, Andras Schmidt, Peter Szinai, Imre Petroczi, Robert Benedek Sallai, Zsofia Fabian, Daniel Kreiner, Petra Sterl, Massimiliano Costa, Radojica Gavrilovic, Danka Randjic, Viorica Bisca, Georgeta Ivanov and Fanica Bascau

Published
2012

24. Impacts of Land Abandonment on Vegetation: Successional Pathways in European Habitats

Author

Loek Kuiters, Daniel Kreiner, Stephan Klotz, Bernard Prévosto, Wolfgang Schmidt, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Andreas Bohner, Maurice Hoffmann, Roland Brandl, Jutta Stadler, Jan Van Uytvanck, Michaela Dölle, Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Centre for Ecosystem studies, ALTERRA, Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Department Ecosystems, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), aucun, HBLFA Raumberg Gumpenstein, Natioalpark Gesause GmbH, 8913 Weng im Gesause 2, Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of ecology, and Philipps Universität Marburg

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Secondary succession, Biodiversity, Ecological succession, Plant Science, seminatural grasslands, DEPRISE AGRICOLE, 01 natural sciences, old-fields, traits, plot size, DIVERSITE FLORISTIQUE, Wageningen Environmental Research, species richness, HABITAT, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, disturbance, B003-ecology, COLONISATION VEGETALE, Ecology, Palaeontology, food and beverages, Vegetation, Management, CE - Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Flora, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, plant-communities, Arable land, Arable field, Natural forest regeneration, Semi-natural habitat, SUCCESSION VEGETALE, Biology, Species and biotopes, 010603 evolutionary biology, diversity, soil, fungi, Life Sciences, Plant Sciences, Plant Ecology, Life Sciences, general, Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography, Paleontology, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Plant ecology, Species richness, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Changes in traditional agricultural systems in Europe in recent decades have led to widespread abandonment and colonization of various habitats by shrubs and trees. We combined several vegetation databases to test whether patterns of changes in plant diversity after land abandonment in different habitats followed similar pathways. The impacts of land abandonment and subsequent woody colonization on vegetation composition and plant traits were studied in five semi-natural open habitats and two arable habitats in six regions of Europe. For each habitat, vegetation surveys were carried out in different stages of succession using either permanent or non-permanent plots. Consecutive stages of succession were defined on a physiognomic basis from initial open stages to late woody stages. Changes in vegetation composition, species richness, numbers of species on Red Lists, plant strategy types, Ellenberg indicator values of the vegetation, Grime CSR strategy types and seven ecological traits were assessed for each stage of the successional pathway. Abandonment of agro-pastoral land-use and subsequent woody colonization were associated with changes in floristic composition. Plant richness varied according to the different habitats and stages of succession, but semi-natural habitats differed from arable fields in several ecological traits and vegetation responses. Nevertheless, succession occurred along broadly predictable pathways. Vegetation in abandoned arable fields was characterized by a decreasing importance of R-strategists, annuals, seed plants with overwintering green leaves, insect-pollinated plants with hemi-rosette morphology and plants thriving in nutrient-rich conditions, but an increase in species considered as endangered according to the Red Lists. Conversely, changes in plant traits with succession within the initially-open semi-natural habitats showed an increase in plants thriving in nutrient-rich conditions, stress-tolerant plants and plants with sexual and vegetative reproduction, but a sharp decrease in protected species. In conclusion, our study showed a set of similarities in responses of the vegetation in plant traits after land abandonment, but we also highlighted differences between arable fields and semi-natural habitats, emphasizing the importance of land-use legacy. peerReviewed

Published
2011

25. Erratum to: Impacts of Land Abandonment on Vegetation: Successional Pathways in European Habitats

Author

Wolfgang Schmidt, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Jutta Stadler, Andreas Bohner, Loek Kuiters, Michaela Dölle, Jan Van Uytvanck, Bernard Prévosto, Stephan Klotz, Maurice Hoffmann, Roland Brandl, and Daniel Kreiner

Subjects
Plant ecology, Geography, Habitat, Ecology, Abandonment (emotional), Paleontology, Ecosystem, Plant Science, Vegetation
Abstract

Folia Geobot (2012) 47:117–118DOI 10.1007/s12224-012-9121-5The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12224-9096.B. Prevosto (*)Cemagref, EMAX, 3275 route Cezanne, CS 40061, 13 182 Aix-en-Provence cedex 5, Francee-mail: bernard.prevosto@cemagref.frL. KuitersAlterra, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AAWageningen,The Netherlandse-mail: loek.kuiters@wur.nlM. Bernhardt-Romermann

Published
2012

26. Martensitic Transformation in Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steel AISI 304L Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Author

Heinz Werner Höppel, Hans Jürgen Maier, Thomas Niendorf, Andreas Böhner, Mathias Göken, and Doris Amberger

Subjects
martensitic transformation, UFG, cyclic loading, AISI 304L, stainless steel, equal channel angular pressing, tensile test, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L, produced by severe plastic deformation, was investigated. Under monotonic loading, the martensitic phase transformation in the ultrafine-grained state is strongly favored. Under cyclic loading, the martensitic transformation behavior is similar to the coarse-grained condition, but the cyclic stress response is three times larger for the ultrafine-grained condition.

Published
2012
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