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Purpose/objectives To investigate dental students’ perceptions and concerns regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic, their coping strategies and support resources, and their perceived stress levels. Methods A customized 19‐item survey and the perceived stress scale (PSS) were applied to undergraduate dental students from the US, Spain, Ireland, Chile, India, and Brazil between April 10 and July 5, 2020. Linear modeling and mediation analysis were used to explore the relationships among demographics, stressors, coping mechanisms, social support, and stress Results A total of 4475 students responded to the survey. The majority (72.4%) were women, and 52.3% had no COVID‐19 training at the time of the survey. The students reported that they had to accommodate to changes in patient care (96.6%) and didactic learning (95.2%) activities, while 88.5% of the respondents indicated at least one of their courses moved online. Transition to online courses went “smoothly with some troubles” for 51.8% of the respondents, and 48.3% perceived the faculty as prepared for the online transition; however, 45.9% reported feeling extremely concerned about the impact of COVID‐19 on their education. The average PSS score was 21.9 of 40 (moderate stress). Multivariate models were built for participants with full data (n = 3899). Being male, having completed more dental coursework, and perceiving a smoother transition were associated with lower PSS scores; more concern about academic progress was associated with higher PSS. Faculty support mediated the relationship between a smoothness of transition and concern about academic progress and PSS scores Conclusion Stress caused by the pandemic may be alleviated by smoother transition and good faculty support.

Introduction Dental undergraduates will access the Internet searching for learning materials to complement their training; however, open access content is not generally recommended by dental schools. This study aimed to evaluate how dental students are using online video content. Materials and Methods Students from eight Universities (Athens, Birmingham, Brescia, Cardiff, Melbourne, Paris, Sao Paulo and Valdivia) representing three continents were invited to complete a survey on their access and learning from online videos. Results International students behave similarly when studying dental content online. Of 515 respondents, 94.6% use the Internet as a learning tool. It was observed that videos are not frequently recommended during didactic lectures (9.6%). But many students (79.9%) will use YouTube for their learning which includes clinical procedures. Students will check online content before performing procedures for the first time (74.8%), to understand what was explained in class (65.9%) or read in books (59.5%), to relearn clinical techniques (64.7%) and to visualise rare procedures (49.8%). More than half of the students do not fully trust the accuracy or the reliability of online content. This does not prevent students from watching and sharing dental videos with classmates (64.4%). The content watched is not shared with teachers (23.3%) even when it contradicts what was learnt in the school (38.2%). Conclusion This study concludes that students regularly integrate open access digital resources into learning portfolios but are hesitant to inform their teachers about their viewing habits. Students wish to receive critical skills on how to evaluate the material they encounter outside their traditional learning space.

The internet is a study tool for high school students, however, its content can be disqualified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, interactivity and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by human anatomy websites focused on high school. Ten independent searches were performed on Google® using keywords related to the organic systems. Out of one hundred web links (first ten resulted from each system), only the websites containing information for high school (56%) were analysed. Most of them had good interactivity, however, low reliability and scarcity of ICT tools. The websites “Toda Matéria” and “Só Biologia” were highly punctuated according to the previous criteria. It was concluded that the student has difficulty in finding a reliable human anatomy website focused on high school. It is important a conjunct action of teachers, school and government to improve the use of technology and enhance the Brazilian high school.

INTRODUCTION Increasingly, dental education is using digital strategies to deliver teaching; however, not all of these learning materials are engaging and effective. AIM To evaluate the perception and knowledge retention of undergraduate dental students after using two different digital learning tools: quizzes and PDF. METHODS Thirty-three students from a Dental School in the United Kingdom took part in the research. They received learning material derived from the Prosthodontic (Kennedy classification) or Paediatric dentistry content (Tooth classification). The same content was delivered in two different formats: quiz game (n = 17) and PDF file (n = 16). The PDF file had ten images and their classifications, whilst the quiz had the same images with a question about the classification, along with alternatives (single best answer). RESULTS All students gave similar performances on the knowledge assessment; however, their perception about the learning material differed. Students using quizzes (88%) agreed that they were fun and an interesting way of learning, while only 37.5% had this opinion about PDF material (p = .002). When using quizzes, learners were more motivated and confident. They would frequently recommend quizzes to other colleagues; however, the use of PDF was not suggested as frequently (p = .039). As a learning strategy, 100% of the students using quizzes wanted more of the same to study other dental subjects. This was not the case with the PDF format (p = .005). CONCLUSION Despite quizzes and PDF files resulting in a similar understanding of dental subjects, learners prefer quizzes to supplement their studies. Educators should consider using this interactive digital tool to engage students, instead of PDF files.

Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar o perfil das pesquisas de iniciação científica publicadas nos anais das reuniões da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO), no ano de inserção das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para os cursos de graduação em odontologia, em 2002, e nove anos após, em 2011. Foram avaliados 1.720 resumos, da 19ª (2002) e 28ª (2011) reuniões anuais da SBPqO, os quais foram classificados de acordo com as áreas de conhecimento, a categoria administrativa da instituição de ensino superior e segundo as unidades da federação brasileira. Observou-se que a implantação das DCN não alterou as áreas de conhecimento estudadas nas pesquisas, sendo as publicações referentes as Ciências Odontológicas as mais presentes. Verificou-se uma mudança na participação das instituições na produção científica. Em 2002, a maioria das publicações eram oriundas de instituições públicas estaduais (52%). Em 2011, as instituições públicas federais foram predominantes (40%). Destaca-se também melhor distribuição na participação científica das instituições de diferentes regiões, marcada não só pela redução da dominância dos estados da região Sudeste de 77,5%, em 2002, para 56,7% em 2011, como também pelo aumento da participação das regiões Centro-Oeste (6,0%), Nordeste (21,1%), Norte (1,6%) e Sul (14,6%). Conclui-se que a inserção das DCN pode ter influenciado a distribuição da produção da pesquisa científica nacional, porém pouco alterou o perfil tecnicista da pesquisa realizada durante a graduação em odontologia.

Diversas iniciativas governamentais têm sido realizadas para promover a inclusão de pessoas surdas no ensino superior. Entretanto, o ingresso de um estudante surdo em um curso de Odontologia é de extrema complexidade, devido a vários motivos, dentre eles a carência de termos odontológicos em Libras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar e disponibilizar sinais odontológicos específicos em Libras. Uma equipe multidisciplinar selecionou os quinze primeiros termos a serem criados, os quais tiveram seus conceitos e explicações técnicas demonstrados para um docente surdo. Em seguida, o professor criava o sinal, que era registrado por vídeos e fotografias. Os dados técnicos da sinalização foram descritos detalhadamente e em seguida publicados junto às fotos e vídeos em sítio web. A criação do site e a disponibilização dos termos odontológicos específicos em Libras caracteriza o início de um processo de inclusão e permanência de pessoas surdas no Curso de Odontologia. A continuidade desse trabalho permitirá que os sinais sejam constantemente criados e adicionados ao glossário, a fim de auxiliar o ensino de pessoas surdas e aperfeiçoar a atuação do tradutor/interprete de Libras, contribuindo de forma pioneira para a formação de futuros cirurgiões dentistas surdos.

BACKGROUND The Internet has become an established learning tool in dental education where students can access online videos on a range of dental subjects. However, finding reliable peer-reviewed content is not straightforward. AIM To evaluate the video content offered by UK and Republic of Ireland (RoI) Dental Schools on their YouTube channels and public websites. METHODS Free videos offered on UK and RoI Dental schools websites and YouTube channels were watched and set according to its purpose, as educational or non-educational. The number of views, length, category and date of publication were analysed. RESULTS A total of 627 videos offered by dental courses were evaluated. Videos were available on 83% of the websites, but only 9% was educational content. Dental courses YouTube channels received more than 2.3 million views, but less than 5% of the material offered is educational. Instructional videos found on the websites (3.2 min) were shorter than those found on YouTube (8.5 min) (P = .03). The majority of the videos, provided by Universities, were not educational and focused on promoting the dental courses. Most websites have demonstrated a password-protected area where quality content may be offered. CONCLUSION Students wishing to watch instructional videos will find limited educational content provided by UK and RoI dental courses. Therefore, they are likely to access course-related material elsewhere on the Internet that may not be necessarily peer-reviewed.

O ensino moderno de Anatomia permite a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas que inovam a forma de aprender o corpo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a experiência de utilizar jogos digitais como material complementar no ensino de anatomia humana no curso de odontologia e analisar como o site contendo esses jogos foi acessado durante um semestre acadêmico. O endereço eletrônico foi disponibilizado como um recurso extra (não obrigatório) para o estudo dos assuntos discutidos nas aulas tradicionais de Anatomia. No site, o aluno podia encontrar links para os jogos sobre diferentes conteúdos, com acesso anônimo. Os dados coletados pelo Google Analytics mostraram a visualização de páginas de acordo com o assunto abordado e o número de visualizações de página por dia. Durante o semestre acadêmico, o maior número de visualizações correspondeu exatamente aos assuntos abordados pelo cronograma e o “pico” de visualizações sempre ocorreu antes das avaliações da disciplina. Concluiu-se que os jogos foram ferramentas de ensino atrativas e os alunos os utilizaram ao longo da disciplina de anatomia (especialmente na véspera das avaliações) mesmo não sendo uma atividade mandatória. Esta metodologia pode ser uma estratégia efetiva no ensino híbrido em saúde para motivar os alunos no estudo extra-classe.

Introduction Online video sharing platforms are regularly visited by dental students. However, they may be accessing non-peer-reviewed content which is not officially recommended by their dental school's curriculum.Aims To evaluate the reliability of dental education content found on YouTube.Methods A YouTube search for dental procedures content was conducted using the keywords 'restorative dentistry', 'paediatric dentistry', 'orthodontics' and 'oral surgery'. The first ten results of each search were set according to its publisher. The number of views, length, category, retention index and date of publication were analysed.Results Around 70% of the videos were published under education/science categories. These 40 videos received 25 million visitors and showed an average length of 9.22 min (± 8.19). Universities provided only 5% of the content. Older videos had more views per month (p0.05) and a better interaction index (p0.05). Most users preferred the long videos (p0.05) and the interaction index was better for those older videos (p0.01). Short videos had 70% user retention, while ten-minute-long videos had 21%.Conclusions Most of the content found did not match the reliability criteria. Universities should consider how their students use YouTube and look to incorporate their findings into their curriculum. Content length and more recent dental videos will influence student retention and learning.

As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) podem auxiliar no processo de ensino, pois permitem maior interatividade que favorece o autoaprendizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença e utilização das TIC como ferramenta complementar no ensino da histologia nos cursos de odontologia das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas avaliações em 126 sites de odontologia e enviados questionários online para os responsáveis pelas disciplinas de histologia dos cursos de odontologia. Observou-se que a maioria (88,1%) das universidades não apresentam sites de histologia e que subutilizam as ferramentas TIC. Dos 15 sites de histologia disponíveis foram encontradas figuras (33,3%), e-mail do professor (30,0%), textos (10,0%), hipertextos (6,7%), aulas (6,7%), outras ferramentas (6,7%), questionários (3,3%) e vídeos (3,3%). Dos questionários enviados, apenas 10,3% foram respondidos, dos quais dois professores asseguravam possuir site de ambiente restrito apenas aos seus alunos, e os demais, apesar de não possuírem sites da disciplina, consideravam as TIC como importantes ferramentas didáticas de apoio. Conclui-se que as instituições de ensino superior que possuem cursos de odontologia nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil apresentam potencial para a inclusão de TIC no ensino da histologia, entretanto a utilização destas ainda se encontra aquém do ideal., The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) may help in the teaching process because of the better interactivity, which encourage the self-learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and use of ICT as a complementary tool in the histology teaching in undergraduate degree in dentistry in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Evaluations were performed in 126 dentistry websites and online questionnaires were sent to the responsible for histology courses of undergraduate degree in dentistry. It was observed that the majority (88.1%) of the universities do not have histology websites and underuse ICT tools. Among the 15 histology websites available were found figures (33.3%), professor’s e-mail (30.0%), texts (10.0%), hypertext (6.7%), assignment (6.7%), other tools (6.7%), questionnaires (3.3%) and videos (3.3%). Those questionnaires sent only 10.3% were answered, of which two professors had ensured restricted website only for their students, and the others, despite of do not have the course's websites, they considered the ICT as important teaching support tools. It is concluded that the Dental Schools in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil have potential for the inclusion of ICT in the teaching of histology, however the use of these still less than ideal., Facultad de Informática

Learners are motivated when using games and they have been successfully introduced in many healthcare subjects such as medicine and nursing. The development of games in dentistry has not kept pace with their uptake both as a popular pastime and their implementation in other subjects. Games in the learning space have many advantages. Several scenarios can be gamified in pre-clinical and clinical practice creating an enjoyable learning experience for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The aim of this article is to enthuse educators on the potential of games and offer practical suggestions on how to implement them in their teaching.

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor, usually benign, which rarely metastasizes to distant organs. The case of a 27-year-old white woman is described, who presented a metastatic pulmonary ameloblastoma 7 years after the removal of a mandibular ameloblastoma. She presented no pulmonary symptoms, but a lung nodule was found in a chest x-ray during a routine check-up for job admission. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 2-cm well-defined solitary round nodule without calcifications, leading to the hypothesis of a metastatic tumor. Clinical and CT investigation confirmed no ameloblastoma recurrence in the jaw and no other primary tumor. The diagnosis of metastatic ameloblastoma was confirmed by microscopic evaluation of the pulmonary nodule.

Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) is associated with poor prognosis in cancers. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (−1607GG>G, −839G>A, −755G>T, −519A>G, −422T>A, −340C>T, and 320C>T) in the MMP1 gene promoter have recently been identified. In this study, we assessed the functional effects of these polymorphisms on MMP1 gene promoter activity in cell lines of melanoma (A2058 and A375), breast cancer (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231), lung cancer (A549 and H69), and colorectal cancer (HT-29, SW-620) by comparing the promoter strengths of 10 most common haplotypes deriving from these polymorphisms. In A2058 cells, the GG-G-G-A-T-T-T and GG-G-G-A-C-T haplotypes had 2-fold higher promoter activity than the GG-G-T-A-T-T-C, GG-G-G-A-A-T-T, GG-G-G-A-T-T-C, and GG-G-G-A-A-C-T haplotypes, which in turn, had 3-fold higher promoter activity than the G-G-T-A-A-C-T, G-A-T-G-T-T-T, G-A-T-G-A-C-T, and G-A-T-G-A-T-G haplotypes. In A375 and MDA-MB-231 cells, high expression haplotypes include not only the −1607GG-bearing haplotypes but also the G-A-T-G-A-T-T haplotype containing the −1607G allele. A similar trend was detected in A549 cells. In addition, in A549 cells, the GG-G-G-A-T-T-T haplotype had >2-fold higher promoter activity than several other −1607GG-bearing haplotypes. In MCF7 cells, the GG-G-G-A-T-T-T and G-G-T-A-A-C-T haplotypes had 1.5- to 4-fold higher promoter activity than the other haplotypes. These results suggest that the polymorphisms exert haplotype effects on the transcriptional regulation of the MMP1 gene in cancer cells, and indicate a need to examine haplotypes rather than any single polymorphism in genetic epidemiologic studies of the MMP1 gene in cancers. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(3):221–7)

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reparação óssea em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e compará-la com a de ratos normotensos, avaliando machos e fêmeas. MÉTODOS: Um defeito ósseo foi criado no fêmur esquerdo de 24 SHR (12 machos e 12 fêmeas) e 24 ratos normotensos (12 machos e 12 fêmeas). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos com diferentes períodos de sacrifício: sete e 21 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Após processamento laboratorial de rotina, as análises histológica e histométrica foram realizadas e os dados submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey (5%). RESULTADOS: Machos e fêmeas do mesmo grupo apresentaram características histológicas similares. Após sete dias, todos os animais apresentaram trabéculas ósseas irregulares, entretanto, os osteoblastos periosteais eram achatados nos SHR, enquanto nos normotensos, essas células apresentavam formato cúbico. Após 21 dias, todos os espécimes mostraram fechamento linear em toda a extensão superficial do defeito ósseo e os SHR apresentaram osteoblastos achatados, enquanto os normotensos apresentaram células cúbicas circundando as trabéculas ósseas. A análise estatística dos dados histométricos indicou médias similares entre machos e fêmeas, exceto para ratos normotensos, aos sete dias. Além disso, aos 21 dias, foi observada maior neoformação óssea nos ratos hipertensos quando comparados aos normotensos, tanto machos quanto fêmeas. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que os animais SHR apresentaram maior neoformação e maturidade óssea nos defeitos que animais normotensos, no período de 21 dias após a cirurgia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compare the results with normotensive rats, evaluating male and female animals. METHODS: A bone drill defect was created in the left femur of 24 SHR (12 males and 12 females) and 24 normotensive rats (12 males and 12 females). The animals were divided into two groups and sacrificed 7 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. After the routine laboratory processing, histological and histometric analysis were carried out and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (5%). RESULTS: Males and females from the same group had similar histological characteristics. After seven days, all animals presented irregular bone trabeculae. The periosteal osteoblasts were flattened in SHR, and presented a cuboid shape in normotensive animals. After 21 days, the bone defects of all specimens showed a linear closure in all the superficial extension. In addition, SHR presented flattened osteoblasts surrounding the bone trabeculae, while normotensive ones showed cuboidal cells. Statistical analysis of the histometric data indicated similar means between the male and female groups, except for normotensive rats on day 7. In addition, a larger amount of new bone formation was observed in hypertensive when compared to normotensive rats on day 21, in males as well as females. CONCLUSION: We conclude that bone healing in SHR was more significant than in normotensive ones, as shown by the histological and histometric evaluation 21 days after surgery.

Submitted by ROBERTO PAULO CORREIA DE ARAÚJO (ppgorgsistem@ufba.br) on 2017-06-20T14:27:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11_v.14_1.pdf: 942861 bytes, checksum: a907e7238997c6ca9143802478614844 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T14:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11_v.14_1.pdf: 942861 bytes, checksum: a907e7238997c6ca9143802478614844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01 Introdução: Na carcinogênese em pele de camundongos hairless, as lesões neoplásicas produzidas são semelhantes às da pele humana, permitindo analisar de forma mais padronizada e criteriosa as características clinicopatológicas da lesão. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a presença clínica de linfonodos infartados e as características histopatológicas de diferenciação celular, padrão e estágio de invasão de lesões de carcinoma espinocelular quimicamente induzido na pele de camundongos hairless. Metodologia: Quarenta camundongos hairless foram submetidos à carcinogênese química (DMBA 0,5%) induzida em pele, durante 16 semanas. Na 17ª semana, os animais foram fotografados (para posterior avaliação clinica quanto à presença de linfonodos infartados) e as lesões foram biopsiadas para avaliação histopatológica quanto à diferenciação celular, o padrão e o estágio de invasão, seguida, da tabulação dos dados e análise estatística. Resultados: Observou-se que a invasão mais profunda da lesão (em hipoderme e camada muscular) foi observada apenas nos animais com linfonodos infartados e que todos os animais com linfonodos normais, apresentaram invasão apenas da derme (p = 0,005). Ademais, quando os linfonodos apresentaram volume normal, não existiu uma associação com lesões em pele bem diferenciadas. Esses dados mostram a tendência ao bom prognóstico de casos sem comprometimento linfonodal de carcinomas em pele de camundongos, estando de acordo com estudos em humanos. Conclusão: Há uma relação da presença clínica de linfonodos infartados com a invasão profunda de lesões de carcinoma espinocelular quimicamente induzido na pele de camundongos hairless. Salvador

A expansão do uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) modificou as formas de obtenção de conhecimento. Acredita-se que a facilidade de acesso a conteúdo nem sempre confiável somada ao perfil dos novos estudantes pode demandar modificações no sistema de ensino. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil atual de utilização das TIC no estudo da Morfologia nos cursos da área de saúde de Instituições de Ensino Superior do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram realizadas buscas nos sites das instituições relacionadas na base de dados do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (Inep) para avaliar tanto a existência das páginas do curso e das disciplinas, quanto a forma de utilização das TIC. Constatou-se que, em abril de 2012, 69% dos cursos apresentavam página e em outubro do mesmo ano esse número caiu para 58%. Quanto às instituições, 50% das públicas possuem páginas para seus cursos contra 75% das IES privadas. Nenhuma das universidades apresentava página relacionada à disciplina de Morfologia vinculada ao site do curso. Conclui-se que as TIC ainda são subutilizadas pelos cursos de saúde no RN. Forms of acquiring knowledge have been changed by the increased use of Information and Communications Technology. Easy access to online content, which is not always reliable, allied to the profile of new students has led to a belief that the education system may require changes. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the profile of ICT use in morphology studies in Rio Grande do Norte health courses. The National Institute of Educational Studies and Research (INEP) database of higher education courses was used as the source for reviewing the existence of internet pages for the courses and subjects and the form of ICT use. It was found that, in April 2012, 69% of the courses had a website, which percentage had fallen to 59% by October of the same year. In terms of the institutions, 50% of the public universities had a page for their courses, against 75% of the private universities. Furthermore, none of the universities had any internet pages offering morphology content linked to the course website. In conclusion, ICT is being underused by health courses in Rio Grande do Norte state.

Since oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant cancer in the oral cavity, several researches have been performed to study the role of important enzymes in this disease. Among them, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highlighted, due to the fact that they are proteinases responsible to degrade many extra-cellular matrix components, making possible the invasion of neoplasic cells. Important tools in cancer prognosis have been utilized aiming to correlate high levels of MMPs and OSCC, such as immunohistochemical, zymographic and mRNA detection methods. However, these techniques are usually applied after cancer detection, characterizing a curative but not a preventive medicine. Trying to make interventions before the development of the disease and making possible the identification of people at high risk and, analysis of modifications in MMP genes has been a chance for modern medicine. Recently, polymorphisms in MMP genes have been related to different neoplasias, including OSCC. Despite investigation is beginning, MMP gene polymorphisms seems to have a promising future in oral cancer research and some of the present results have shown that there are MMP polymorphisms related to an increased risk for developing oral cancer. Key words:Oral cancer, polymorphism, matrix metalloproteinase.

Os portadores da hipertensão arterial sistêmica apresentam uma tendência à perda óssea devido às alterações no me-tabolismo do cálcio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as porcentagens das áreas cortical, trabecular e do canal medular em ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos. Foram utilizados 24 ratos, sendo 12 SHR (6 machos e 6 fêmeas) e 12 normotensos (6 machos e 6 fêmeas). Após o sacrifício e dissecção do fêmur direito, foi realizado um corte transversal (aproximadamente 1mm de espessura) na região de maior diâmetro do osso e o material imerso em hipoclorito de sódio 2% para retirada do tecido mole. As peças foram fotografadas em um estereomicroscópio e as imagens submetidas ao programa Image-J® para mensuração (em mm2) das áreas cortical, trabecular e do canal medular. Os valores encontrados foram transformados em porcentagens e submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (5%). Verificou-se que o valor de porcentagem do canal medular foi maior nos ratos hipertensos, tanto machos (p=0,02) quanto fêmeas (p=0,01). Em relação às médias das porcentagens das áreas cortical e trabecular, os animais hipertensos apresentaram valores menores, embora não estatisticamente significativos. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas. Concluiu-se que os animais hipertensos machos e fêmeas apresentaram aumento da porcentagem da área do canal medular, provavelmente em conseqüência à redução dos ossos cortical e trabecular, o que sugere um aumento na reabsorção óssea nos hipertensos.

Animal and cell line studies indicate an inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) on tumorigenesis and metastasis [1-3]. We investigated whether MMP8 gene variation was associated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis in humans. We first studied nine tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MMP8 gene in 140 clinically and pathologically well-characterized breast cancer patients. Four of the SNPs were found to be associated with lymph node metastasis, the most pronounced being a promoter SNP (rs11225395) with its minor allele (T) associating with reduced susceptibility to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02). This SNP was further evaluated for association with cancer relapse and survival among a cohort of approximately 1,100 breast cancer patients who had been followed for cancer recurrence and mortality for a median of 7.1 years. The T allele was associated with reduced cancer relapse and greater survival, particularly among patients with earlier stage cancer. Among patients of tumour-node-metastasis stage 0-II, the adjusted hazard ratio of disease-free survival was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9) for patients carrying T allele compared with those homozygous for the C allele (P = 0.02). In vitro experiments showed that the T allele had higher promoter activity than the C allele in breast cancer cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed binding of nuclear proteins to the DNA sequence at the SNP site of the T allele but not that of the C allele. The data suggest that MMP8 gene variation may influence breast cancer prognosis and support the notion that MMP8 has an inhibitory effect on cancer metastasis.

Animal and cell studies indicate an inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) on tumorigenesis and metastasis. We investigated whether MMP8 gene variation was associated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis in humans. We first studied nine tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the MMP8 gene in 140 clinically and pathologically well-characterized breast cancer patients. Four of the SNPs were found to be associated with lymph node metastasis, the most pronounced being a promoter SNP (rs11225395) with its minor allele (T) associating with reduced susceptibility to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02). This SNP was further evaluated for association with cancer relapse and survival among a cohort of ∼1,100 breast cancer patients who had been followed for cancer recurrence and mortality for a median of 7.1 years. The T allele was associated with reduced cancer relapse and greater survival, particularly among patients with earlier stage cancer. Among patients of tumor-node-metastasis stage 0 to II, the adjusted hazard ratio of disease-free survival was 0.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.5–0.9] for patients carrying T allele compared with those homozygous for the C allele (P = 0.02). In vitro experiments showed that the T allele had higher promoter activity than the C allele in breast cancer cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed binding of nuclear proteins to the DNA sequence at the SNP site of the T allele but not that of the C allele. The data suggest that MMP8 gene variation may influence breast cancer prognosis and support the notion that MMP8 has an inhibitory effect on cancer metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10214–21]

No carcinoma epidermóide, os processos de invasão e metástase são regulados por um complexo sistema dependente da interação entre as células neoplásicas e as células estromais hospedeiras. Esses processos ocorrem como conseqüência à degradação da membrana basal e da matriz extracelular por diversas enzimas, dentre as quais as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) apresentam destaque. Essas são enzimas zinco-dependentes, pouco expressas em tecidos normais e substancialmente aumentadas na maioria das neoplasias malignas. Dentre todas as MMP conhecidas, as MMP-2 e -9 (gelatinases) têm sido consistentemente associadas com a agressividade, o potencial metastático e o prognóstico desfavorável das neoplasias malignas. As gelatinases desempenham um papel fundamental no processo da carcinogênese, pois degradam principalmente colágeno tipo IV, componente fundamental da membrana basal, participando do processo de invasão do estroma e invasão dos vasos sangüíneos, processo fundamental para a metástase. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão dos aspectos gerais das MMP, abordando principalmente as MMP-2 e -9, bem como suas relações com o desenvolvimento do carcinoma epidermóide, buscando as possibilidades de prevenção e tratamento.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-24442006000100003.pdf: 148622 bytes, checksum: 7de7dff501fd8bb892620b46271118e6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-24442006000100003.pdf: 148622 bytes, checksum: 7de7dff501fd8bb892620b46271118e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-24442006000100003.pdf: 148622 bytes, checksum: 7de7dff501fd8bb892620b46271118e6 (MD5) S1676-24442006000100003.pdf.txt: 47180 bytes, checksum: 8695ec1590b7f075304002aec8329b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:04:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-24442006000100003.pdf: 148622 bytes, checksum: 7de7dff501fd8bb892620b46271118e6 (MD5) S1676-24442006000100003.pdf.txt: 47180 bytes, checksum: 8695ec1590b7f075304002aec8329b47 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:04:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-24442006000100003.pdf: 148622 bytes, checksum: 7de7dff501fd8bb892620b46271118e6 (MD5) S1676-24442006000100003.pdf.txt: 47180 bytes, checksum: 8695ec1590b7f075304002aec8329b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 INTRODUÇÃO: Nestes últimos anos, descobriu-se a complexidade dos mecanismos que influenciam a atividade óssea, e grande parte das pesquisas direcionou-se para o estudo de fatores capazes de modular as funções ósseas. Essa expansão da pesquisa deve-se, em parte, ao reconhecimento da osteoporose como importante problema na velhice. A osteoporose constitui uma das osteopatias mais comuns, caracterizando-se pela redução da massa óssea, determinada, por sua vez, pelo desequilíbrio entre reabsorção e neoformação. OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais aspectos da remodelação e da reparação associados à deficiência estrogênica. Remodelação óssea: O osso apresenta processo contínuo de remodelação, entretanto anormalidades nesse processo ocorrem em algumas doenças, entre elas a osteoporose, sendo que a deficiência estrogênica parece ter o papel principal na sua gênese. Reparação óssea: Tal processo envolve uma cascata complexa de respostas biológicase, assim como a remodelação, é afetado por fatores locais e externos e regulado pela interação de diferentes mecanismos. Portanto, o aumento ou o decréscimo da capacidade de reparação óssea têm sido relacionados a alterações ocorridas na remodelação. Deficiência estrogênica e metabolismo ósseo: A maioria dos autores sugere uma redução na capacidade de remodelação e de reparação do tecido. DISCUSSÃO: Ainda não está determinado qual estágio da reparação é mais alterado, se a fase inicial de formação do calo ósseo, se a de mineralização ou se a fase tardia da reparação, a remodelação óssea. CONCLUSÃO: Como os mecanismos fisiológicos e a patogênese das alterações ósseas causadas pela deficiência estrogênica não estão completamente estabelecidos, novas pesquisas ainda são necessárias. INTRODUCTION: In the past few years, it was recognized the great complexity of the mechanisms that influence bone cellular activity and several studies focus on the factors able to modulate the bone functions. The increase of bone research is, in part, due to the establishment of osteoporosis as a healthy problem common in elderly. Osteoporosis is one of the most important osteopathy, characterized by the bone mass reduction, resulted from disequilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. OBJECTIVE: Based on the relationship between estrogen and bone metabolism, the aim of this study is present a review of literature about the principal aspects of bone turnover and bone repair associated to estrogen deficiency. Bone turnover: Bone tissue is in continuous turnover, however, changes in this process can result in some disorders, such as osteoporosis. Bone repair: Involves a sequence of biological events. It is affected by local and external factors and regulated by interaction of several mechanisms, like bone turnover. Estrogen deficiency and bone metabolism: The capacity to repair has been associated to changes in bone turnover and repair. DISCUSSION: It is not known which bone repair stage is modified: the bone formation, the mineralization or the resorption stage. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of bone changes caused by estrogen deficiency are not completely clear, so, new studies are still necessary. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compare the results with normotensive rats, evaluating male and female animals.A bone drill defect was created in the left femur of 24 SHR (12 males and 12 females) and 24 normotensive rats (12 males and 12 females). The animals were divided into two groups and sacrificed 7 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. After the routine laboratory processing, histological and histometric analysis were carried out and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukeys test (5%).Males and females from the same group had similar histological characteristics. After seven days, all animals presented irregular bone trabeculae. The periosteal osteoblasts were flattened in SHR, and presented a cuboid shape in normotensive animals. After 21 days, the bone defects of all specimens showed a linear closure in all the superficial extension. In addition, SHR presented flattened osteoblasts surrounding the bone trabeculae, while normotensive ones showed cuboidal cells. Statistical analysis of the histometric data indicated similar means between the male and female groups, except for normotensive rats on day 7. In addition, a larger amount of new bone formation was observed in hypertensive when compared to normotensive rats on day 21, in males as well as females.We conclude that bone healing in SHR was more significant than in normotensive ones, as shown by the histological and histometric evaluation 21 days after surgery.

RESUMO Estudos demonstram que o oferecimento de conteúdo virtual parece tornar as disciplinas mais atraentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o perfil de familiaridade e uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) de alunos ingressantes e concluintes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Para isto, foi enviado, via e-mail, um link para um questionário criado com a utilização do Google Drive®. A maioria dos discentes de ambos os grupos afirma utilizar a internet todos os dias, ser capaz de executar ações básicas, principalmente via dispositivos móveis, e considerar interessante o uso de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem e redes sociais no ensino, por entender que facilitam a aprendizagem. Contudo, os alunos concluintes disseram só usar a internet para estudo quando têm dúvidas, e os ingressantes afirmaram estudar pela internet todos os dias, independentemente da existência de dúvidas. Conclui-se que os discentes executam tarefas computacionais básicas e que um período de quatro anos foi suficiente para se verificarem mudanças importantes no perfil discente de um curso de graduação a ponto de se entender que a formação docente deve ser revista. ABSTRACT Studies demonstrate that courses are considered more attractive when they offer virtual content. The aim of this study was to compare the familiarity profile and use of ICT by freshman and senior dental students. In order to do so, a link to a questionnaire posted on Google Drive® was sent by e-mail. It was observed, in both groups, that the majority of the students claim to use the internet every day, to be capable of executing basic information technology procedures and consider the use of Virtual Learning Environments e Social networks for academic purposes quite interesting, since they can facilitate learning. However, senior students reported that they use the internet to study only when in doubt about something, whereas the first-year students reported using the internet for study on a daily basis. In conclusion, as a rule students are able to execute simple information technology procedures using mainly mobile devices and a short period of time was enough to verify important differences in the behaviour of dental students. These observations lead to an understanding that the teacher training requires review.