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Ben Jonson (1572–1637) delighted in skewering the reformed language of Hugh Broughton (1549–1612), a choleric biblical scholar and one of the best Hebraists in early modern England. Broughton produ...

The paper addresses the problem of providing a framework and an algorithm to evaluate super and sub replicating prices, for European options, having interesting risk-reward characteristics. A general operational framework is put forward and illustrated by an algorithmic construction of one-dimensional models for option pricing. Asset models are defined based on a class of investors characterized by how they operate on financial data leading to potential portfolio rebalances. Once observable variables are selected for modeling, necessary conditions constraining these variables and resulting from the operational setup are derived. Future uncertainty is then reflected in the construction of combinatorial trajectory spaces satisfying such constraints. As the risky asset unfolds, it can be tested dynamically for the validity of observable sufficient conditions that rigorously imply the validity of the models. The paper describes the resulting algorithmic construction of such trajectory spaces and, in the absence of probability assumptions, a minmax algorithm that is available to evaluate the super and sub replicating prices.

Marston’s Dutch Courtesan links the dangers of sexually transmitted infection and false religious doctrine, both spread by the Family of Love. The play finds dark comedy in the syphilis epidemic that urban sexual promiscuity perpetuated and in ridiculous religious heterodoxy. Both seem to thrive on infidelity. By making the tavern-owning Mulligrubs, the sex worker Franceschina, and her bawd Mary Faugh members of the Family of Love, Marston makes the corporeal dangers of illicit sex during an epidemic even more dangerous when its companion is the contagion of Familism, threatening to spread as efficiently as the syphilis ravaging early modern London.

The anti-inflammatory effects of statins have likely not been used to their fullest extent, particularly in reducing venous thromboembolic events. Current therapy for thrombotic events hinges on anticoagulation via heparin, warfarin or new oral anticoagulants. Interventional procedures with thrombectomy may also play a critical role. Unfortunately, thrombotic events can occur and recur despite meticulous anticoagulation therapy. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), two complicated and prevalent diseases that can cause chronic disease states such as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). In 2009 the JUPITER trial demonstrated that rosuvastatin may be effective when dealing with vascular inflammation by providing an anti-inflammatory effect. Multiple subsequent studies have looked at this association with some promising findings. The mechanism of action for statins is not entirely understood but there has been a variety of proposals and subsequent testing of inflammatory biomarkers. Additional prospective trials are needed to confirm the possible benefit of VTE reduction through an anti-inflammatory effect, but if this can be shown then statins may become a safe adjunctive therapy for VTE prevention.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a significant medical problem with an incidence of 1 in 1,000 adults and greatly reduces quality of life through post-thrombotic syndrome. Treatment choice for DVT can be influenced by the age of the clot. While new endovascular catheter techniques treat venous clots to potentially prevent post-thrombotic syndrome, they require improved imaging techniques to accurately determine clot age. This review investigates experimental and clinical evidence of elastography techniques for aging DVT. Strain elastography and shear wave elastography are the most common techniques to age thrombus. These elastography techniques can distinguish between acute and chronic clots by characterizing tissue stiffness. When clot age cannot be determined with ultrasound duplex analysis, elastography may offer a helpful adjunct. However, further investigation is required to validate accuracy and reproducibility for clinical implementation of this novel technique.

Aemilia Lanyer refers extensively to the Gospels in writing her poem on the Passion, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. Alluding to the events of Christ's final day, she incorporates details from each of the Gospel accounts of the Crucifixion. Focusing on specific echoes of the translations available to her, it is possible to trace which bible Lanyer preferred. Surprisingly, despite Lanyer's preference for the Geneva translation, she also made use of the Bishops' Bible, suggesting that the poet carefully sifted through different English translations as she sought to generate biblical authority for her account of the Passion.

Hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplant is often treated with endovascular stent placement. Our institution has adopted use of drug-eluting stents, particularly in small-caliber arteries. We aimed to compare patency rates of drug-eluting stents vs. traditional bare-metal stents. This was a single-institution, retrospective study of liver transplant hepatic artery stenosis treated with stents. Primary patency was defined as time from stent placement to resistive index on Doppler ultrasonography (&lt, 0.5), hepatic artery thrombosis, or any intervention including surgery. Fifty-two patients were treated with stents (31 men, mean age, 57 years): 15, drug-eluting stents, 37, bare-metal stents. Mean arterial diameters were 4.1 mm and 5.1 mm, respectively. Technical success was 100% (52/52). At 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years, primary patency for drug-eluting stents was 80%, 71%, 71%, and 71%, bare-metal stents: 76%, 65%, 53%, and 46% (p = 0.41). Primary patency for small-caliber arteries (3.5&ndash, 4.5 mm) with drug-eluting stents was 93%, 75%, 75%, and 75%, bare-metal stents: 60%, 60%, 50%, and 38% (p = 0.19). Overall survival was 100%, 100%, 94%, and 91%. Graft survival was 100%, 98%, 96%, and 90%. Stenting for hepatic artery stenosis was safe and effective. While not statistically significant, patency improved with drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents, especially in arteries &lt, 4.5 mm in diameter. Drug-eluting stents can be considered for liver transplant hepatic artery stenosis, particularly in small-caliber arteries.

Venous thrombosis (VT) is a prevalent clinical condition with significant adverse sequela or mortality. Anticoagulation and pharmacologic or pharmacomechanical thrombolytic therapies are the mainstays of VT treatment. An understanding of thrombosis biology will allow for more effective VT-tailored diagnosis and therapy. In vivo models of thrombosis provide indispensable tools to study the pathogenesis of thrombus formation and to evaluate novel therapeutic or preventive adjuncts for VT management or prevention. In this article, we review the most prominent in vivo models of VT created in rodents and swine species and outline how each model can serve as a useful tool to promote our understanding of VT pathogenesis and to examine novel therapies.

Although its subject is the emergence of a new understanding of authorship in one small group's "thrifty" postmortem efforts to control the traces surrounding another Elizabethan figure, Sir Philip Sidney.2 At the heart of these contentious efforts to claim authority for one version of his Arcadia over others stands a document attached to every printed edition of it: Sidney's tender dedication of his romance to his sister, Mary Herbert, the countess of Pembroke. But just as the meats that welcome Horatio to Elsinore limn the space between melancholy and mirth, the dedication that precedes Sidney's text and the paratextual wrangling that happens in the fraught posthumous printing of different texts under the banner of the Arcadia signify differently in Sidney's life and in his death.3 Out of this agon on the threshold of Sidney's Arcadias, in which his friends and family attempt to (re)construct the relationship between Sidney and his romance, emerges a category resembling our

(2008). The Custom of Courtesans and John Marston's The Dutch Courtesan. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 11-19.

Capitalizing upon the enduring fascination with decapitation in European culture, this collection examines--through a variety of critical lenses--the recurring "roles/rolls" of severed human heads in the medieval and early modern imagination.