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1. Authors’ Responses to Peer Reviews of 'Utility of the ROX Index in Predicting Intubation for Patients With COVID-19–Related Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Receiving High-Flow Nasal Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study'

Author

Maulin Patel, Junad Chowdhury, Nicole Mills, Robert Marron, Andrew Gangemi, Zachariah Dorey-Stein, Ibraheem Yousef, Matthew Zheng, Lauren Tragesser, Julie Giurintano, Rohit Gupta, Parth Rali, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Huaqing Zhao, Nicole Patlakh, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gerard Criner, and Matthew Gordon

Subjects
Medicine
Published
2021
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2. Utility of the ROX Index in Predicting Intubation for Patients With COVID-19–Related Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Receiving High-Flow Nasal Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Maulin Patel, Junad Chowdhury, Nicole Mills, Robert Marron, Andrew Gangemi, Zachariah Dorey-Stein, Ibraheem Yousef, Matthew Zheng, Lauren Tragesser, Julie Giurintano, Rohit Gupta, Parth Rali, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Huaqing Zhao, Nicole Patlakh, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gerard Criner, and Matthew Gordon

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundThe use of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia has been greatly debated around the world due to concerns about increased health care worker transmission and delays in invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Herein, we analyzed the utility of the noninvasive ROX (ratio of oxygen saturation) index to predict the need for and timing of IMV. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether the ROX index can be a useful score to predict intubation and IMV in patients receiving HFNT as treatment for COVID-19–related hypoxemic respiratory failure. MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of 129 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA, from March 10, 2020, to May 17, 2020. This is a single-center study conducted in designated COVID-19 units (intensive care unit and other wards) at Temple University Hospital. Patients with moderate and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNT were included in the study. HFNT patients were divided into two groups: HFNT only and intubation (ie, patients who progressed from HFNT to IMV). The primary outcome was the value of the ROX index in predicting the need for IMV. Secondary outcomes were mortality, rate of intubation, length of stay, and rate of nosocomial infections in a cohort treated initially with HFNT. ResultsOf the 837 patients with COVID-19, 129 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60.8 (SD 13.6) years, mean BMI was 32.6 (SD 8) kg/m², 58 (45%) were female, 72 (55.8%) were African American, 40 (31%) were Hispanic, and 48 (37.2%) were nonsmokers. The mean time to intubation was 2.5 (SD 3.3) days. An ROX index value of less than 5 at HFNT initiation was suggestive of progression to IMV (odds ratio [OR] 2.137, P=.052). Any further decrease in ROX index value after HFNT initiation was predictive of intubation (OR 14.67, P

Published
2021
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3. Pulmonary vasculopathy in explanted lungs from patients with interstitial lung disease undergoing lung transplantation

Author

Yaniv Dotan, Jeffrey Stewart, Andrew Gangemi, He Wang, Amandeep Aneja, Chandra Dass, Huaqing Zhao, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Francis C Cordova, Gerard Criner, Albert James Mamary, and Baidarbhi Chakraborty

Subjects
Medicine, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Classification schemes, while well-characterised for the vasculopathy of idiopathic PH, have been applied, unchallenged, to ILD-related PH. We evaluated pulmonary arterial histopathology in explanted human lung tissue from patients who were transplanted for advanced fibrotic ILD.Methods Lung explants from 38 adult patients who underwent lung transplantation were included. Patients were divided into three groups: none, mild/moderate and severe PH by mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) measured at pre lung transplantation right heart catheterisation (RHC). Grading of pulmonary vasculopathy according to Heath and Edwards scheme, and prelung transplantation evaluation data were compared between the groups.Results 38 patients with fibrotic ILDs were included, the majority (21) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Of the 38 patients, 18 had severe PH, 13 had mild/moderate PH and 7 had no PH by RHC. 16 of 38 patients had severe pulmonary arterial vasculopathy including vascular occlusion with intimal fibrosis and/or plexiform lesions. There were no correlations between mPAP and lung diffusion with the severity of pulmonary arterial pathological grade (Spearman’s rho=0.14, p=0.34, rho=0.11, p=0.49, respectively).Conclusions Patients with end stage ILD had severe pulmonary arterial vasculopathy in their explanted lungs irrespective of the presence and/or severity of PH as measured by RHC. These findings suggest that advanced pulmonary arterial vasculopathy is common in patients with advanced fibrotic ILD and may develop prior to the clinical detection of PH by RHC.

Published
2020
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4. Retrospective analysis of high flow nasal therapy in COVID-19-related moderate-to-severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure

Author

Rohit Gupta, Andrew Gangemi, Huaqing Zhao, Gerard Criner, Maulin Patel, Robert Marron, Junad Chowdhury, Ibraheem Yousef, Matthew Zheng, Nicole Mills, Lauren Tragesser, Julie Giurintano, Matthew Gordon, Parth Rali, Gilbert D'Alonso, David Fleece, and Nicole Patlakh

Subjects
Medicine, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Conclusion HFNT use is associated with a reduction in the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation and overall mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Published
2020
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6. Authors’ Responses to Peer Reviews of 'Utility of the ROX Index in Predicting Intubation for Patients With COVID-19–Related Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Receiving High-Flow Nasal Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study' (Preprint)

Author

Maulin Patel, Junad Chowdhury, Nicole Mills, Robert Marron, Andrew Gangemi, Zachariah Dorey-Stein, Ibraheem Yousef, Matthew Zheng, Lauren Tragesser, Julie Giurintano, Rohit Gupta, Parth Rali, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Huaqing Zhao, Nicole Patlakh, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gerard Criner, and Matthew Gordon

Subjects
Data_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputerSystemsOrganization_PROCESSORARCHITECTURES, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract

UNSTRUCTURED These are author responses to peer review.

Published
2021
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7. Utility of the ROX Index in Predicting Intubation for Patients With COVID-19–Related Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Receiving High-Flow Nasal Therapy: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

Author

Maulin Patel, Junad Chowdhury, Nicole Mills, Robert Marron, Andrew Gangemi, Zachariah Dorey-Stein, Ibraheem Yousef, Matthew Zheng, Lauren Tragesser, Julie Giurintano, Rohit Gupta, Parth Rali, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Huaqing Zhao, Nicole Patlakh, Nathaniel Marchetti, Gerard Criner, and Matthew Gordon

Abstract

BACKGROUND The use of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia has been greatly debated around the world due to concerns about increased health care worker transmission and delays in invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Herein, we analyzed the utility of the noninvasive ROX (ratio of oxygen saturation) index to predict the need for and timing of IMV. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether the ROX index can be a useful score to predict intubation and IMV in patients receiving HFNT as treatment for COVID-19–related hypoxemic respiratory failure. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 129 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA, from March 10, 2020, to May 17, 2020. This is a single-center study conducted in designated COVID-19 units (intensive care unit and other wards) at Temple University Hospital. Patients with moderate and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNT were included in the study. HFNT patients were divided into two groups: HFNT only and intubation (ie, patients who progressed from HFNT to IMV). The primary outcome was the value of the ROX index in predicting the need for IMV. Secondary outcomes were mortality, rate of intubation, length of stay, and rate of nosocomial infections in a cohort treated initially with HFNT. RESULTS Of the 837 patients with COVID-19, 129 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60.8 (SD 13.6) years, mean BMI was 32.6 (SD 8) kg/m², 58 (45%) were female, 72 (55.8%) were African American, 40 (31%) were Hispanic, and 48 (37.2%) were nonsmokers. The mean time to intubation was 2.5 (SD 3.3) days. An ROX index value of less than 5 at HFNT initiation was suggestive of progression to IMV (odds ratio [OR] 2.137, P=.052). Any further decrease in ROX index value after HFNT initiation was predictive of intubation (OR 14.67, PP CONCLUSIONS The ROX index helps decide which patients need IMV and may limit eventual morbidity and mortality associated with the progression to IMV.

Published
2021
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8. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in coronavirus disease 2019: An experience from a single large academic center

Author

Parth Rali, Oisin O'Corragain, Lawrence Oresanya, Daohai Yu, Omar Sheriff, Robert Weiss, Catherine Myers, Parag Desai, Nadia Ali, Anthony Stack, Michael Bromberg, Andrea L. Lubitz, Joseph Panaro, Riyaz Bashir, Vladimir Lakhter, Roberto Caricchio, Rohit Gupta, Chandra Dass, Kumaran Maruti, Xiaoning Lu, A. Koneti Rao, Gary Cohen, Gerard J. Criner, Eric T. Choi, Aaron Mishkin, Abbas Abba, Abhijit S. Pathak, Abhinav Rastogi, Adam Diamond, Aditi Satti, Adria Simon, Ahmed Soliman, Alan Braveman, Albert J. Mamary, Aloknath Pandya, Amy Goldberg, Amy Kambo, Andrew Gangemi, Anjali Vaidya, Ann Davison, Anuj Basil, Beata Kosmider, Charles T. Bakhos, Bill Cornwell, Brianna Sanguily, Brittany Corso, Carla Grabianowski, Carly Sedlock, Charles Bakhos, Chenna Kesava Reddy Mandapati, Cherie Erkmen, Chethan Gangireddy, Chih-ru Lin, Christopher T. Burks, Claire Raab, Deborah Crabbe, Crystal Chen, Daniel Edmundowicz, Daniel Sacher, Daniel Salerno, Daniele Simon, David Ambrose, David Ciccolella, Debra Gillman, Dolores Fehrle, Dominic Morano, Donnalynn Bassler, Edmund Cronin, Eduardo Dominguez, Ekam Randhawa, Ekamjeet Randhawa, Eman Hamad, Eneida Male, Erin Narewski, Francis Cordova, Frederic Jaffe, Frederich Kueppers, Fusun Dikengil, Jonathan Galli, Jamie Garfield, Gayle Jones, Gennaro Calendo, Gerard Criner, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Ginny Marmolejos, Matthew Gordon, Gregory Millio, Fernandez Gustavo, Hannah Simborio, Harwood Scott, Heidi Shore-Brown, Hernan Alvarado, Ho-Man Yeung, Ibraheem Yousef, Ifeoma Oriaku, Iris Jung-won Lee, Isaac Whitman, James Brown, Jamie L. Garfield, Janpreet Mokha, Jason Gallagher, Jeffrey Stewart, Jenna Murray, Jessica Tang, Jeyssa Gonzalez, Jichuan Wu, Jiji Thomas, Jim Murrett, Joanna Beros, John M. Travaline, Jolly Varghese, Jordan Senchak, Joseph Lambert, Joseph Ramzy, Joshua Cooper, Jun Song, Junad Chowdhury, Kaitlin Kennedy, Karim Bahmed, Karim Loukmane, Karthik Shenoy, Kathleen Brennan, Keith Johnson, Kevin Carney, Kraftin Schreyer, Kristin Criner, Maruti Kumaran, Lauren Miller, Laurie Jameson, Laurie Johnson, Laurie Kilpatrick, Lii-Yoong Criner, Lily Zhang, Lindsay K. McGann, Llera A. Samuels, Marc Diamon, Margaret Kerper, Maria Vega Sanchez, Mariola Marcinkienwicz, Maritza Pedlar, Mark Aksoy, Mark Weir, Marla R. Wolfson, Marla Wolfson, Robert Marron, Martin Keane, Massa Zantah, Mathew Zheng, Matthew Delfiner, Maulin Patel, Megan Healy, Melinda Darnell, Melissa Navaro, Meredith A. Brisco-Bacik, Michael Gannon, Michael Jacobs, Mira Mandal, Nanzhou Gou, Nathaniel Marchetti, Nathaniel Xander, Navjot Kaur, Neil Nadpara, Nicole Desai, Nicole Mills, Norihisa Shigemura, Ohoud Rehbini, Oneida Arosarena, Osheen Abramian, Paige Stanley, Patrick Mulhall, Pravin Patil, Priju Varghe, Puja Dubal, Puja Patel, Rachael Blair, Rajagopalan Rengan, Rami Alashram, Randol Hooper, Rebecca A. Armbruster, Regina Sheriden, Rogers Thomas, Rohit Soans, Roman Petrov, Roman Prosniak, Romulo Fajardo, Ruchi Bhutani, Ryan Townsend, Sabrina Islam, Samantha Pettigrew, Samantha Wallace, Sameep Sehgal, Samuel Krachman, Santosh Dhungana, Sarah Hoang, Sean Duffy, Seema Rani, Shapiro William, Sheila Weaver, Shelu Benny, Sheril George, Shuang Sun, Shubhra Srivastava-Malhotra, Stephanie Brictson, Stephanie Spivack, Stephanie Tittaferrante, Stephanie Yerkes, Stephen Priest, Steve Codella, Steven G. Kelsen, Steven Houser, Steven Verga, Sudhir Bolla, Sudhir Kotnala, Sunil Karhadkar, Sylvia Johnson, Tahseen Shariff, Tammy Jacobs, Thomas Hooper, Tom Rogers, Tony S. Reed, Tse-Shuen Ku, Uma Sajjan, Victor Kim, Whitney Cabey, Wissam Chatila, Wuyan Li, Zach Dorey-Stein, Zachariah Dorey-Stein, and Zachary D. Repanshek

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Computed Tomography Angiography, Deep vein, Hypercoagulable state in COVID-19, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, COVID-19 VTE, Article, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, COVID-19 coagulopathy, medicine, Humans, Thrombophilia, 030212 general & internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Prospective cohort study, Retrospective Studies, Philadelphia, Venous Thrombosis, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, equipment and supplies, Respiration, Artificial, Confidence interval, Pulmonary embolism, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cohort, Surgery, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Pulmonary Embolism
Abstract

Background Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state. Emerging data from China and Europe have consistently shown an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aimed to identify the VTE incidence and early predictors of VTE at our high-volume tertiary care center. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 147 patients who had been admitted to Temple University Hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from April 1, 2020 to April 27, 2020. We first identified the VTE (pulmonary embolism [PE] and deep vein thrombosis [DVT]) incidence in our cohort. The VTE and no-VTE groups were compared by univariable analysis for demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, and treatment outcomes. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the early predictors of VTE. Results The 147 patients (20.9% of all admissions) admitted to a designated COVID-19 unit at Temple University Hospital with a high clinical suspicion of acute VTE had undergone testing for VTE using computed tomography pulmonary angiography and/or extremity venous duplex ultrasonography. The overall incidence of VTE was 17% (25 of 147). Of the 25 patients, 16 had had acute PE, 14 had had acute DVT, and 5 had had both PE and DVT. The need for invasive mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-9.55) and the admission D-dimer level ≥1500 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-9.78) were independent markers associated with VTE. The all-cause mortality in the VTE group was greater than that in the non-VTE group (48% vs 22%; P = .007). Conclusions Our study represents one of the earliest reported from the United States on the incidence rate of VTE in patients with COVID-19. Patients with a high clinical suspicion and the identified risk factors (invasive mechanical ventilation, admission D-dimer level ≥1500 ng/mL) should be considered for early VTE testing. We did not screen all patients admitted for VTE; therefore, the true incidence of VTE could have been underestimated. Our findings require confirmation in future prospective studies.

Published
2020

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