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Ventilation systems depend on periodic preventive maintenance. Unfortunately, mission critical systems, exposed to varying levels of particulates and other contaminants, may require unpredictable and highly variable maintenance intervals. Direct sensing for pressure drops or other condition metrics can provide prognostic indicators, but at the expense of the installation and maintenance burden of the sensors themselves. Rotor slot harmonics from motors have been observed for decades to track motor speed. This paper presents hardware instrumentation and a signal processing algorithm that can nonintrusively track the rotor slot harmonics of multiple fan motors in an aggregate electrical stream. Combined with a physics-based model of the motors under observation, this nonintrusive data can be used to track the maintenance condition of multiple fan motors on a single electrical service, minimizing the costs of installation and data analysis and reducing the total number of sensors necessary to track fan health. Results are demonstrated with experiments on-board a US Coast Guard Cutter.

The disposition of patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is commonly the coronary care unit. Recent studies have suggested that low-risk STEMI patients could be managed in a lower-acuity setting immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to determine the frequency of downstream intensive-care therapy used in our "stable" STEMI patients post-PCI.A single-centre, retrospective review was completed of consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI between 2013 and 2016. Post-PCI, patients were defined as being stable if they had not required intensive-care therapy or suffered significant complications. Intensive-care therapies and complications were defined as invasive/noninvasive ventilation, pacing, cardiac arrest, use of vasopressors/inotropes, dialysis, stroke, or major bleeding. This group of stable patients had their course followed to discharge.A total of 731 patients presented with STEMI for primary PCI. Of these, 132 patients (18%) required intensive-care therapies and/or had complications prior to PCI and were excluded. After PCI, 599 STEMI patients (82%) were defined as stable, according to the above definition. Of these, 11 patients (1.8%) required intensive-care therapies during their hospitalization. Zwolle scores were significantly higher in patients with complications (6.3 ± 4.4 vs 2.0 ± 1.5,Patients who are stable at the completion of their primary PCI rarely develop complications that require intensive care. These patients are easily identified for triage to a lower-acuity setting, alleviating congestion in cardiac care units and reducing hospitalization costs.Les patients qui subissent un infarctus du myocarde avec élévation du segment ST (STEMI) aboutissent souvent à l’unité de soins coronariens. Des études récentes ont montré que les patients exposés à un faible risque de STEMI pouvaient être pris en charge dans les soins de faible acuité immédiatement après l’intervention coronarienne percutanée (ICP). Nous avons cherché à déterminer la fréquence des traitements de soins intensifs en aval utilisés après notre ICP chez les patients STEMI qui étaient dans un état stable.Une étude rétrospective unicentrique a été réalisée auprès de patients consécutifs qui subissaient une ICP primaire en raison d’un STEMI entre 2013 et 2016. Après l’ICP, les patients étaient considérés être dans un état stable s’ils n’avaient pas besoin de traitements de soins intensifs ou ne souffraient pas de complications importantes. Les traitements de soins intensifs et les complications étaient définis par la présence de la ventilation effractive ou non effractive, de la stimulation cardiaque, de l’arrêt cardiaque, de l’utilisation de vasopresseurs ou d’inotropes, de la dialyse, de l’accident vasculaire cérébral et de l’hémorragie majeure. Ce groupe de patients dans un état stable obtenaient leur sortie de l’hôpital.Un total de 731 patients STEMI ont subi une ICP primaire. Parmi eux, 132 patients (18 %) ont eu besoin de traitements de soins intensifs et/ou ont eu des complications avant l’ICP et ont été exclus. Après l’ICP, 599 patients STEMI (82 %) ont été considérés comme étant dans un état stable, conformément à la définition ci-dessus. Parmi eux, 11 patients (1,8 %) ont eu besoin de traitements de soins intensifs durant leur hospitalisation. Les indices de Zwolle étaient significativement plus élevés chez les patients qui avaient des complications (6,3 ± 4,4Les patients qui sont dans un état stable après l’ICP primaire ont rarement des complications qui exigent des soins intensifs. L’orientation de ces patients, facilement repérés au triage, vers des soins de faible acuité, allège la congestion aux unités de soins intensifs et réduit les coûts d’hospitalisation.

Adult cardiology residency training programs require residents to become proficient at many procedural skills, including pericardiocentesis. However, in many programs, opportunities to perform this procedure are limited. Expensive mannequins have been developed to assist with teaching this skill, however, the associated cost make them impractical for many programs. We hypothesized that a low-cost, high-fidelity pericardiocentesis model could be constructed using items easily accessible to any consumer. We describe a pericardiocentesis model made from pork skin, pork ribs, gelatin, a plastic bag, and an avocado. Total cost was less than CAD$40.00 and preparation time was approximately 60 minutes. The model was evaluated with a survey by 14 senior cardiology and critical care residents as well as 3 experienced senior cardiologists. Imaging results from the ultrasound revealed that the target fluid was easily visualized and all trainees were successful in aspirating fluid. The model was durable and withstood more than a dozen punctures, demonstrating its ability to train multiple residents. Respondents to the survey reported the model as highly realistic. All cardiology residents agreed or strongly agreed that the model should be incorporated into their formal curriculum. This study shows that a low-cost, high-fidelity model can be constructed and easily implemented into the formal curriculum of adult cardiology residency programs. It allows residents the opportunity to practice pericardiocentesis in a low-risk setting on a high-yield device.

Humans and non-human primates (NHPs) harbor complex gut microbial communities that affect phenotypes and fitness. The gut microbiotas of wild NHPs reflect their hosts’ phylogenetic histories and are compositionally distinct from those of humans, but in captivity the endogenous gut microbial lineages of NHPs can be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans. Despite its potential contributions to gastrointestinal dysfunction, this humanization of the gut microbiota has not been investigated systematically across captive NHP species. Here we show through comparisons of well-sampled wild and captive populations of apes and monkeys that the fraction of the gut microbiota humanized by captivity varies significantly between NHP species but is remarkably reproducible between captive populations of the same NHP species. Conspecific captive populations displayed significantly greater than expected overlap in the sets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene variants that were differentially abundant between captivity and the wild. This overlap was evident even between captive populations residing on different continents but was never observed between heterospecific captive populations. In addition, we developed an approach incorporating human gut microbiota data to rank NHPs’ gut microbial clades based on the propensity of their lineages to be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans in captivity. Relatively few microbial genera displayed reproducible degrees of humanization in different captive host species, but most microbial genera were reproducibly humanized or retained from the wild in conspecific pairs of captive populations. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiotas of captive NHPs display predictable, host-species specific responses to captivity.

Cardiology Residency Training Programs require residents to become proficient at many procedural skills, including pericardiocentesis. The cost of pericardiocentesis simulators make them prohibitive for many training programs. We hypothesized that a low-cost pericardiocentesis model could be

Vasoplegia occurs in up to 16% of patients who undergo heart transplantation (HT) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 61-year-old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy receiving sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto; Novartis, Cambridge, MA) who developed profound hypotension after HT. He was treated with intravenous methylene blue and high-dose vasopressors, but developed acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. This case supports a potent vasodilatory effect of sacubitril/valsartan, and if confirmed by other studies, might warrant consideration for withholding treatment while awaiting HT, particularly in patients with risk factors for vasoplegia.

Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate whether medical television dramas portray proper seizure first aid.Methods:Episodes of the four highest-rated US medical dramas (“Grey's Anatomy,” “House M.D.”, “Private Practice,” and “ER”) were screened for the presence of seizures. “Patient” age, sex, semiology, and etiology were recorded. The appropriateness of seizure first aid management was determined by comparison to the Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA) guidelines.Results:Among 364 television programs, 65 seizures (in 59 individuals) were identified (30 males; 29 females). Seizures were primary or secondarily generalized tonic-clonic in 53 (81.5%) cases. Other seizure types included complex partial (5, 7.7%), simple partial (1, 1.5%), myoclonic (1, 1.5%), absence (1,1.5%), and psychogenic (1, 1.5%). On 63 occasions (96.9%), first aid was performed by a health care professional. First aid management was judged appropriate in 21 (32.3%) seizures, inappropriate in 28 (43.1%), and indeterminate in 16 (24.6%). Inappropriate practices included holding the person down (17, 26.2%), trying to stop the involuntary movements (10, 15.4%) and putting something in the person's mouth (11, 16.9%).Conclusions:The first aid management of seizures performed by actors portraying health care professionals was inappropriate in nearly half of all cases. Inaccurate depiction of seizure first aid management may contribute to misinformation of the general public. The television industry could easily incorporate the simple first aid EFA seizure guidelines as a public service without sacrificing dramatic impact.