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This article explores the content of wartime sermons in eighteenth-century Russia, delivered by the Orthodox bishops during the pivotal military conflicts of early imperial period. Apart from communicating war aims and current events to the laity, these sermons also presented an image of the enemy to the masses. This imagery manifested bishops’ support for the Petrine and Catherinian cultural opening to the West, on the one hand, while promoting a myth of an existential antagonism against the Ottoman South, on the other. Unlike their seventeenth-century predecessors, eighteenth-century sermons avoided the stereotypes of heterodoxy or heresy when describing Russia’s Western enemies, preferring instead the language of just or unjust wars, protection of European neighbors or the metaphor of David facing titanic Goliaths. The non-sectarian imagery, however, did not extend to Islam. Sermons of the Russo-Ottoman wars presented the conflict as a purely religious and Russia’s involvement as a holy war.

Despite a decrease in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Russian Federation in recent years, among the newly diagnosed patients there remains a significant proportion of patients with bacterial excretion and destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, surgical treatment is often the only possible method for saving lives. We studied the results of extrapleural posterosuperior thoracoplasty in 42 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients who received medicamentous therapy. The mortality rate for 3 years of follow-up in the conservative treatment group was 36.7%, in the surgical treatment group it was 23.8%, p = 0.237. Among patients with more than 2 years of disease experience, mortality was 45% in the main group, 88% in the comparison group, p = 0.070. In the absence of drug resistance, mortality in the main group was 4%, that in the comparison group – 14.2%, p = 0.283. Mortality in individuals with normal body weight was lower in the group of patients who underwent thoracoplasty than in the comparison group: 17.6% vs. 33.3% (p = 0.202). Among those who did not achieve sputum negative reaction, mortality was lower, and passing to the 3rd group of dispensary care was more common in the surgical treatment group – 41.7% vs. 71.4% (p = 0.077) and 33.3% vs. 21.4% (p = 0.426). Among patients with drug resistance or low body weight or unachieved sputum negative reaction, mortality rates were comparable in both groups. Thus, thoracoplasty, in comparison with conservative therapy, makes it possible to improve treatment results in patients regardless of the length of the disease in groups with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive process, with normal body weight, with preservation of elimination of bacilli. The effectiveness of thoracoplasty decreases in patients with an increase in the disease duration.

В настоящее время определение мощности выброса твердых взвешенных веществ с единицы площади поверхности техногенного массива при различных параметрах ветрового потока описано недостаточно. Анализ мирового опыта исследователей показал, что существующие лабораторные установки обладают различными конструктивными особенностями, не позволяющими корректно определить массу взметаемой и переносимой пыли. На основании результатов анализа разработана концепция инновационной лабораторной установки для исследования пылящих поверхностей. Она учитывает влияние аэродинамичеких теней, детурбулизацию искусственно создаваемого потока воздуха, возможность регулирования не только скоростного режима потока, но и создания разряжения или возмущения в области размещения образцов, а также формирования определенного угла атаки ветрового потока относительно поверхности. В концепции заложена возможность определения объемов выброса пыли по значениям потерянных масс пыли в образце и по значениям концентраций пыли в выходящем потоке. Проведен расчет основных базовых элементов установки с применением программного пакета ANSYS FLUENT. Разработана и рассчитана модель и компоновка аэродинамической трубы, определены основные геометрические параметры и функциональные элементы для возможности использования в научной работе. Для практического использования эмпирического показателя шероховатости подстилающей поверхности рекомендованы его значения в широких пределах – от нуля для водной поверхности до 0,44 для крупных городов с высокими зданиями и небоскребами.

The present article studies structural models and semantic content of parenthetical insertions in modern English fiction. The relevance of the research is determined by its focus on the study of the corpus of parenthesis in the modern English language within the framework of the general science issue ‘man and the language’. The study is novel in that it is carried out using evidence from modern English literature (texts written by S. King, J. Barnes, D. Mitchell, J. Coe, Laura van den Berg). This article will be of interest to researchers dealing with problems of parenthesis in modern English and to specialists in semantic syntax.

В работе представлен анализ содержания книги известного индийского ученого, специалиста по Центральной Азии доктора Кулбхушана Варику (K. Warikoo) “Siberia and India: Historical Cultural Affinities” («Сибирь и Индия: историко-культурное родство»). Она была издана на английском языке в Нью-Дели в 2020 г. Международным фондом Вивекананды (Индия). Отмечается, что методологические установки исследования автора близки позициям рецензентов и многих других российских коллег и что данный труд свидетельствует о перспективности сотрудничества индийских и сибирских ученых в самых разных областях, в том числе по линии повышения качества самих исследований и научных публикаций. Автор пишет, что между Индией и народами Сибири существует явное историко-культурное родство, в частности, благодаря общим традициям и буддийской культуре. На страницах книги, которая относится к классическому жанру путевых научных очерков, приводятся некоторые наблюдения индийского ученого, сделанные во время путешествий по республикам Бурятия (2007), Хакасия (2009), Алтай (2014 и 2015) и Тыва (2016) Российской Федерации, подтверждающие его тезис. Автор отмечает распространенность в традиционной культуре сибирских народов представлений, которые являются характерными и для гималайских народов. Он делает вывод о необходимости дальнейшего выявления общих традиций, верований и обычаев у народов Сибири и Индии, что может стать плодотворной основой научного сотрудничества между сибирскими и индийскими учеными. Эта идея научного сотрудничества должна способствовать и росту самосознания населения Сибири, занимающей срединное положение на пространствах Евразии и являющейся местом культурного и цивилизационного взаимодействия народов. Обращается внимание на некоторые упущения д-ра Варику, в частности, по проблемам неоднозначности языковой ситуации в Туве.

Currently, geospatial 3D modeling is one of the modern ways to represent digital geodetic data on the size and shape of the objects under study. However, the publication of requirements and recommendations in methodological and regulatory documents describing the use of laser scanning in engineering-geodesy, as well as methods for analyzing the accuracy of the obtained measurements, today, significantly lags behind the market demand. In this regard, we propose an experimental technique that allows conducting field work using a robotic electronic total station Trimble SX10 with a laser scanning function and identify measurement errors, followed by an analysis of the influence of external and internal factors of deterioration in the quality of the data obtained, for example, facade surveying and creating a united 3D model of the Assumption Cathedral, located in Omsk.

The problem for the research. Due to the focus of foreign-language education on the moral perfection of a younger personality and the development of a student’s creative abilities, many researchers consider that the structure of its content should include not only the “intellectual”, but also the emotional component. In this regard, the problem of developing an appropriate activity component that would contribute to the realization of reserves of such content and the appropriation of the cultural heritage of humanity by schoolchildren is becoming more and more urgent. Methods of investigation. The study involved students at the primary (grades 1–4), secondary (grades 5–7), high (grades 8–9) and subject-oriented (grades 10–11) levels of school foreign-language education. These are 138 students of schools in Kirov, Kirov Region, Izhevsk and the urban district “Lesnoy” (Russian Federation). In the experimental work foreign-language text material of emotional content was used, as well as the techniques of mastering the emotional component of the content of foreign-language education as a unit of emotional activity component of foreign-language education. The results were processed using methods of mathematical statistics (dispersion, standard deviation, Fisher’s criterion). The findings of the study. Identify statistically significant differences in the initial and final indicators of students with a vertical form of control at the significance level of p = 0.05. Thus, the indices of the Fisher criterion in assessing the results of mastering the “intellectual” unit and the emotional component of the content of foreign-language education by students of the junior stage were 1.89/1 and 1.3/1, respectively. At the middle stage, they were as follows: 2.47/1 (for the “intellectual” unit) and 1.5/1 (for the emotional component); at the high stage – 1.7/1 and 1.0022/1; at the profile-oriented one – 2.36/1 and 1.08/1. Conclusions. The results of the control experiment confirmed the feasibility of introducing techniques of mastering the emotional component of the content of foreign-language education in the mass practice of secondary schools. These data are of a fundamental nature on the way to the of a student as an intercultural language personality.

Background: Diazepam is one of the most commonly prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Despite its popularity, there is currently no precise information on the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of diazepam therapy. Objective: The objective of our study was to study the effect of CYP3A isoenzymes activity on the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with AWS. Methods: The study was conducted on 30 Russian male patients suffering from the AWS who received diazepam in injections at a dosage of 30.0 mg / day for 5 days. The efficacy and safety assessment was performed using psychometric scales and scales for assessing the severity of adverse drug reactions. Results: Based on the results of the study, we revealed the differences in the efficacy of therapy in patients with different CYP3A4 C>T intron 6 ( rs35599367) genotypes: ( CC) −9.0 [−13.0; −5.0], ( CT+TT) −13.5 [−15.0; −10.0], p = 0.014. The scores on the UKU scale, which was used to evaluate the safety of therapy, were also different: ( CC) 7.5 [6.0; 11.0], ( CT+TT) 11.0 [8.0; 12.0], p = 0.003. Conclusion: Possible relationship between the CYP3A activity, evaluated by the content of the urinary endogenous substrate of the given isoenzyme and its metabolite, the 6-beta-hydroxy cortisol (6-β-HC) / cortisol ratio, and the efficacy of diazepam was demonstrated. This possible relationship was also supported by the genotyping results. This should be taken into consideration when prescribing this drug to such patients in order to reduce the risk of pharmacoresistance.

The authors of this article, relying on a set of Eurasian ideas, develop previously formulated ideas about the need for a global civilizational transformation from the currently dominant technogenic-consumer to the spiritual-ecological strategy of development. Within this perspective, Siberia is considered as a priority area of the Russian state policy. The general theoretical and methodological guidelines are supported by the results of a sociological survey of students of agricultural universities in the largest cities of Siberia. The novelty of the empirical research consists in its target setting to identify the value orientations of young people as a potential subject of civilizational transformations. The content core of the concrete study was a series of questions: Is there a passion reserve among Siberian youth? How important is the Siberian identity for her in the general system of identity? What is its socio-cultural potential? Do young people connect their personal future with Siberia? Do they accept the idea of a new civilizational structure based on the principles that are relevant to our time, and are they ready to contribute to its approval? The results of the study do not provide a clear answer to the initial questions. On the one hand, the sociocultural potential of young people, expressed in the system of value orientations, largely corresponds to the fundamental principles of the spiritual and ecological strategy of civilizational development. At the same time, many students are carriers of a pronounced Siberian identity, are aware of and highly appreciate the rich natural resources of Siberia and the human potential that exists here. On the other hand, the majority of young people are not ready for active creative actions, they do not form a passionate group that has the necessary ideas about the prospects for the development of the country, about the role of Siberia in creating the civilizational future of Russia. This is largely due to the fact that the state itself does not have a clear global civilizational project and image of the future.

The article analyzes the specific features of project work organization in English classes with blended mobile learning with the participation of students who previously haven't studied foreign languages or had school experience in learning other foreign languages – German or French. The relevance of the proposed work is caused by the application of the project method on the basis of mobile technologies that promotes the development of oral communication skills in the most effective way, taking into account the individual characteristics of the student and allows him in the future conducting a free conversation in a foreign language. The novelty of the methodology used lies in the complex application of systemic and integrative approaches using mobile technologies to the formation of oral skills in a foreign language. The hypothesis of the study that the application of the proposed teaching method contributes to a stable average for all students to improve the quality of knowledge throughout the entire period of study was fully confirmed. Student’s participation in the project work and the use of mobile technology to share information and knowledge are an independent creative activity that ends with the creation of a fully communicative and linguistically correct speech message. Free speech in a foreign language based on students own multimedia product is considered as a practical result of using an intensive method of teaching a foreign language from scratch.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising sacrificial templates for synthesis of carbon functional materials with a relatively high concentration of stabilized metallic species. In this work coordination polymers based on trans,trans-muconic acid and transition metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co) were prepared and selected as the precursors for supramolecular organization of nanocomposites. The coordination polymers and metal-containing thermolysis products obtained were characterized using a number of analytical techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and volumetric nitrogen adsorption/desorption. This study extends the application of coordination polymers as precursors for designing of carbon materials incorporating metal nanoparticles. It is shown that appropriate choice of metal-organic precursors in solid-phase thermolysis allowed to get materials with determined morphologies.

A new experimental method for panoramic contactless determination of the laminar-turbulent transition position in a three-dimensional boundary layer is described. It is demonstrated that this method allows accurate determination of the transition region boundaries at both low and enhanced levels of free-stream turbulence.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of seropositive status for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG; its dynamics in connection with restrictive measures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic; and the quantitative dynamics of antibody levels in the population of St. Petersburg, Russia.From May to November 2020, a retrospective analysis of Saint Petersburg State University Hospital laboratory database was performed. The database included 158,283 test results of 87,067 patients for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG. The dynamics of antibody level was assessed using R v.3.6.3.The introduction of a universal lockdown was effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. The proportion of seropositive patients gradually decreased; approximately 50% of these patients remained seropositive for IgM after 3-4 weeks; for IgG, by follow-up week 22; and for IgA, by week 12. The maximum decrease in IgG and IgA was observed 3-4 months and 2 months after the detection of the seropositive status, respectively.The epidemiological study of post-infection immunity to COVID-19 demonstrates significant differences in the dynamics of IgA, IgM, and IgG seropositivity and in PCR test results over time, which is linked to the introduction of restrictive measures. Both the proportion of seropositive patients and the level of all antibodies decreased in terms of the dynamics, and only approximately half of these patients remained IgG-positive 6 months post-infection.

High-contrast optical imaging is achievable using phosphorescent labels to suppress the short-lived background due to the optical backscatter and autofluorescence. However, the long-lived phosphorescence is generally incompatible with high-speed laser-scanning imaging modalities. Here, we show that upconversion nanoparticles of structure NaYF4:Yb co-doped with 8% Tm (8T-UCNP) in combination with a commercial laser-scanning multiphoton microscopy are uniquely suited for labeling biological systems to acquire high-resolution images with the enhanced contrast. In comparison with many phosphorescent labels, the 8T-UCNP emission lifetime of ∼ 15 µs affords rapid image acquisition. The high-order optical nonlinearity of the 8T-UCNP (n ≈ 4, as confirmed experimentally and theoretically) afforded pushing the resolution limit attainable with UCNPs to the diffraction-limit. The contrast enhancement was achieved by suppressing the background using (i) bandpass spectral filtering of the narrow emission peak of 8T-UCNP at 455-nm, and (ii) time-gating implemented with a time-correlated single-photon counting system that demonstrated the contrast enhancement of > 2.5-fold of polyethyleneimine-coated 8T-UCNPs taken up by human breast adenocarcinoma cells SK-BR-3. As a result, discrete 8T-UCNP nanoparticles became clearly observable in the freshly excised spleen tissue of laboratory mice 15-min post intravenous injection of an 8T-UCNP solution. The demonstrated approach paves the way for high-contrast, high-resolution, and high-speed multiphoton microscopy in challenging environments of intense autofluorescence, exogenous staining, and turbidity, as typically occur in intravital imaging.

The article considers the possibility of using photo / video cameras to obtain georeferenced images, reduce production time and cost of geodetic work while maintaining high accuracy.

Here we report a systematic study of all-inorganic perovskite-inspired systems based on CsxPbI2Brx alloys with x ranging from 0.95 to 4. The identified optimal non-stoichiometric composition Cs1.2PbI2Br1.2 delivered the best optoelectronic, structural and photovoltaic characteristics in combination with the improved stability. The elucidated remarkable effect of the Cs4PbI2Br4 impurity phase, serving as a reservoir of CsBr, on the photothermal stability and photovoltaic performance of CsPbI2Br perovskite films offers a new paradigm in the development of more efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

This paper is devoted to an experimental investigation of the distributed receptivity of a laminar swept-wing boundary layer to unsteady freestream vortices with streamwise orientation of the vorticity vector. The experiments were performed on a model of a swept wing with a sweep angle of at fully controlled disturbance conditions with freestream vortices generated by a special disturbance source. It is found that the unsteady streamwise vortices are able to provide very efficient excitation of cross-flow instability modes without requiring the presence of any surface non-uniformities. The developed experimental approach is shown to allow us to perform a detailed quantitative investigation of the mechanism of distributed excitation of unsteady boundary-layer disturbances due to scattering of freestream vortices on natural base-flow non-uniformity. This mechanism has been studied experimentally in detail. Part 1 of the present investigation (Borodulin et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 908, 2021, A14) was devoted to the description of the experimental approach and the base-flow structure, the method of excitation of fully controlled streamwise-elongated freestream vortices, the results of measurements of structure of these vortices and the experimental evidence of high efficiency of the distributed vortex receptivity mechanism under study. Meanwhile, the present paper (Part 2) is devoted to: (a) theoretical background and definition of the distributed receptivity coefficients and (b) obtaining experimental quantitative characteristics of the distributed vortex receptivity including values of the corresponding receptivity coefficients for their three different definitions as functions of the disturbance frequency, spanwise wavenumber and wave propagation angle.

The problem of accurate experimental detection of laminar-turbulent transition in three-dimensional boundary layers is discussed. A high-resolving panoramic experimental technique to estimate the onset and length of the transition for aerodynamic applications is proposed and described in detail. The technique includes multistage processing of recorded infrared image sequences to provide a robust detection of the transition in a broad range of base flow parameters. The data processing is fast and virtually hands-free that allows extensive parametric investigation of the transition in experiments. Moreover, an application of statistics procedures to obtain various spanwise-averaged values quantifying different aspects of the transition important for calibrating and validating engineering transition prediction methods is possible.

We studied HCl uptake by MgCl2 and sea salt over a relative humidity (RH) range from 0% to 34% at 278-313 K using a differential bead-filled flow tube coupled to a high-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The results showed that dry MgCl2 and sea salt are essentially inert to gaseous HCl with a probability of less than 10-6 . However, under humid conditions, HCl was found to be efficiently taken up by wet inorganic surfaces. The HCl uptake coefficient for MgCl2 and sea salt increased squarely with RH, reaching a value of 0.00123 and 0.00171, respectively, at 29% RH and 298 K. Such wetting behavior is even enhanced at elevated temperatures, with the coefficient reaching 0.00208 and 0.00239, respectively, at 313 K. Based on the study of the dependence of γHCl on the initial HCl concentration, we estimate γHCl as 0.012 at 24% RH at a typical HCl concentration in the troposphere. In addition, the observation of the remarkable enhancement in the OH uptake by the HCl-treated salts agrees with the results of our previous investigation, which suggested that water absorption on salts enhances γOH by lowering the surface pH. The proposed mechanism of HCl uptake by sea salt aerosol has implications for ozone production in the marine boundary layer.