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Abstract Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, both mosquito-borne, often circulate simultaneously, raising concerns about the effects of coinfection. This study evaluated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 12 patients with concurrent CHIKV and ZIKV infections confirmed by RT-qPCR. Clinical data and 45 immune mediators were analyzed. Coinfected and monoinfected patients exhibited similar symptoms, although ZIKV-infected individuals experienced fewer instances of fever. No patients had persistent symptoms or required hospitalization. Chemokines CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were elevated across all groups. CHIKV-infected patients showed higher levels of CCL2, CCL4, EGF, CXCL12, and IFN-α compared to controls, while IL-1RA, IL-8, and IFN-γ were elevated in both CHIKV and coinfected groups. SCF was elevated only in the ZIKV group. Overall, CHIKV and ZIKV coinfection presented mild clinical symptoms similar to monoinfections and demonstrated a moderate inflammatory response.

Abstract Introduction In highly multiracial populations with inadequate newborn screening, knowledge of the various phenotypic presentations of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) can help reach an early diagnosis. This study aims to describe phenotypes and genotypes at the time of CF diagnosis in a state in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records of CF patients. Clinical, laboratory, and genotypic characteristics were described for patients admitted to a tertiary referral center between 2007 and 2021. Results Fifty-eight (58) patients were included in the study, 53.5% of whom were diagnosed through clinical suspicion. The median age at diagnosis was 4.7 months (IQR: 1.5–14.8 months). Five patients had false-negative results in the newborn screening. Faltering growth was the most frequent clinical manifestation. Bronchiectasis and a history of pneumonia predominated in those older than ten, while thinness, underweight, and electrolyte imbalances were more frequent in children under two. Sequencing of the CFTR gene identified 27 genotypes, with at least one class I–III variant in all patients, and nine variants that are rare, previously undescribed, or have uncertain significance (619delA, T12991, K162Q, 3195del6, 1678del > T, 124del123bp, 3121–3113 A > T). The most frequent alleles were p.Phe508del, p.Gly542*, p.Arg334Trp, and p.Ser549Arg. Conclusions Malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances were the most frequent phenotypes for children

IntroductionIn VL, a proinflammatory phenotype is typically associated with enhanced phagocytosis and a Th1 mediated immune response resulting in infection control. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory phenotype, associated with a predominant regulatory response, typically enables intracellular multiplication of Leishmania parasites and disease progression.MethodsTo investigate the impact of chemotherapy on Th2 and Th17 immune responses in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we assessed all combinations of intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients, after antigenic stimulation with Leishmania lysate, throughout treatment and follow-up. As increases in spleen and liver sizes and decreases in hematocrit, hemogloblin, erythrocytes, monocytes, leukocytes and platelets levels are strongly related to the disease, we studied the correlations between the frequencies of T cells producing the afore mentioned cytokines, individually and in combination, and these variables, as markers of disease or cure.ResultsWe found that the frequency of IFN-γ-producingCD4+ T cells increased until the end of chemotherapy with Glucantime® or AmBisome ®, while IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells peaked on day 7 following the start of treatment. Although the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells decreased during treatment an increase was observed after clinical cure. The frequency of CD4+ T cells producing only IFN-γ or IL-17 correlated with blood monocytes levels. Frequencies of double-producers of IFN-γ and IL-10 or IL-4 correlated positively with eosinophils and platelets levels. Together, this suggest that IFN-γ drives the immune response towards Th1 at cure. In contrast, and associated with disease or Th2 response, the frequency of CD4+ IL-10+ cells correlated positively with spleen sizes and negatively with circulating monocyte levels, while the frequency of CD4+ producing both IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelets levels. The frequency of CD8+ single-producers of IFN-γ increased from day 21 to 90 while that of single-producers of IL-10 peaked on day 7, of IL-4 on day 30 and of IL-17, on day 180. IFN-γ expression in CD8+ single- and double-producers of cytokines was indicative of an immune response associated with cure. In contrast, frequencies of CD8+ double-producers of IL-4 and IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 and IL-10 and IL-17 and producers of three and four cytokines, were associated with disease and were low after the cure. Frequencies of CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ alone or with IL-17 were positively correlated with platelets levels. In contrast, as markers of disease: 1) frequencies of single producers of IL-10 correlated negatively with leukocytes levels, 2) frequencies of double producers of IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and circulating monocyte levels, 3) frequencies of triple-producers of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelet, leukocyte and neutrophil levels and 4) frequencies of producers of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 simultaneously correlated positively with spleen size, and negatively with leukocyte and neutrophil levels.DiscussionOur results confirmed that the clinical improvement of VL patients correlates with the decrease of an IL-4 and IL-10 CD4+Th2 response, the recovery of CD4+ Th1 and Th17 responses and the frequency of CD8+ single-producers of IFN-γ and double producers of IFN-γ and IL-17.

Abstract Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a cluster of malformations induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the underline mechanisms involved in its occurrence are yet not fully understood. Along with epidemiological and environmental factors, the genetic host factors are suggested as important to the CZS occurrence and development, however, few studies have evaluated this. This study enrolled a total of 245 individuals in a case–control association study compound a cohort of high specific interest constituted by 75 mothers who had delivered CZS infants, their 76 infants, and 47 mothers that had delivered healthy infants, and their 47 infants. Sixteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms on TREM1, CXCL10, IL4, CXCL8, TLR3, TLR7, IFNR1, CXCR1, IL10, CCR2 and CCR5 genes were genotyped to investigate their association as risk factors to CZS. The results show an association between C allele at TREM1 rs2234246 and C allele at IL4 rs224325 in mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy, with the increased susceptibility to CZS occurrence in their infants and the SNP CXCL8 rs4073 and the G allele at CXCL10 rs4508917 with presence of CZS microcephaly in the infants. Furthermore, the T allele at CXCL8 rs4073 and TRL7 rs179008 SNPs were associated with the severity of microcephaly in children with CZS. These results suggest that these polymorphisms in genes of innate immune responses addressed here are associated to increased risk of occurrence and severity of CZS in pregnant mothers infected with ZIKV and their CZS infants.

Problem considered: The rational use of antimicrobials (ATMs) is a challenge for global health services. One strategy used to control the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is antimicrobial management programs. This is a pre- and post-intervention study that assesses the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a hospital through evaluating clinical and microbiological outcomes, usage measures and costs. Methods: The sample comprised adult patients hospitalized for more than 24 h during a seven-month pre-intervention, and an eleven-month post-intervention period. Primary outcomes included length of therapy (LOT) and days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days (pd), the DOT/LOT ratio, the incidence of a number of the main multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the costs of therapy. Secondary outcomes were the use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial prescriptions by class, hospital length of stay rates, and mortality rates. Data were obtained from medical prescriptions, pre-authorization forms for restricted antibiotics, and microbiological tests. Non-critical and critical care units were compared, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 2704 patients were evaluated and there was a significant post-intervention reduction of exposure to antimicrobials of 8.1% and of 90 days in respect of the LOT in non-critical units. There was a reduction of more than 50% in the costs of therapy and of 1.2 days in the length of hospital stay in non-critical units. There was no variation in bacterial resistance. Conclusions: Although the stewardship program and its interventions reduced antimicrobial consumption, costs and the length of hospital stay further studies are required to identify the components that can produce the impact on microbiological outcomes seen in other studies.

Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to analyze the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil, between 1996 and 2015 with Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.0 and to identify the geographical distribution of CRC in the municipality. Results A total of 1322 cases of CRC and 467 CRC-related deaths during the study period were included. In total, 40% of the incident cases and 43% of the deaths occurred in men, while 60% of the incident cases and 57% of the deaths occurred in women. Males who were 20 to 44 years old had the most significant trend in growth. Among women, those in the group aged 45 to 64 years had the highest observed annual percent change (APC). In both sexes, mortality was stable. Regarding the geographic distribution, there were constant hotspots in the northeast region of the municipality. This study showed a significant increase in incidence, mainly in young men between 20 and 44 years of age, but stable mortality in Aracaju.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that can be potentially fatal if left untreated. In Brazil, it is caused by Leishmania infantum parasites. Blood transcriptomics allows us to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathological processes of several clinical conditions, namely, parasitic diseases. Here, we performed mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during the active phase of the disease and six months after successful treatment, when the patients were considered clinically cured. To strengthen the study, the RNA-seq data analysis included two other non-diseased groups composed of healthy uninfected volunteers and asymptomatic individuals. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes between VL patients and non-diseased groups. Overall, pathway analysis corroborated the importance of signaling involving interferons, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and the neutrophil response. Cellular deconvolution of gene expression profiles was able to discriminate cellular subtypes, highlighting the contribution of plasma cells and NK cells in the course of the disease. Beyond the biological processes involved in the immunopathology of VL revealed by the expression of protein coding genes (PCGs), we observed a significant participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in our blood transcriptome dataset. Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs expression in VL has never been performed. lncRNAs have been considered key regulators of disease progression, mainly in cancers; however, their pattern regulation may also help to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of host immune responses elicited by L. infantum infections in humans. Among our findings, we identified lncRNAs such as IL21-AS1, MIR4435-2HG and LINC01501 and coexpressed lncRNA/mRNA pairs such as CA3-AS1/CA1, GASAL1/IFNG and LINC01127/IL1R1-IL1R2. Thus, for the first time, we present an integrated analysis of PCGs and lncRNAs by exploring the lncRNA–mRNA coexpression profile of VL to provide insights into the regulatory gene network involved in the development of this inflammatory and infectious disease.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic chronic and potentially fatal disease for humans. Mechanisms related to the dysregulation of the inflammatory response may be involved in both the pathogenesis and prognosis of VL. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) is a receptor constitutively expressed on neutrophils and monocyte subsets. The protein serves to regulate and amplify inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profile of TREM-1 on the surface of neutrophils from patients with VL at varying time points during leishmanicidal treatment. For this purpose, neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with VL at different stages of treatment, which include 0, 7, and 30 days after treatment. Surface TREM-1 expression was assessed by immunophenotyping neutrophil populations. In addition, the association of TREM-1 expression on the surface of neutrophils with clinical and laboratory parameters and serum levels of inflammatory mediators was also evaluated. Results demonstrate a lower surface expression of TREM-1 in VL patients in the absence of treatment. However, increased levels of TREM-1 expression were observed 7 and 30 days after the start of treatment, with levels similar to those of healthy controls. TREM-1 expression was directly correlated with lymphocyte and erythrocyte count and indirectly correlated with spleen and liver size. Furthermore, elevated levels of TREM-1 expression were also correlated with lower serum levels of interleukin (IL)-22. Taken together, these results suggest that infection by Leishmania infantum leads to depressed TREM-1 expression on the neutrophil surface and may contribute to the inflammatory imbalance that characterizes active VL disease.

Breast cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Analysis of breast cancer epidemiology in emerging countries enables assessment of prognostic factors, cancer care quality, and the equity of resource distribution. We aimed to estimate the overall (OS) and cancer-specific survival (SS) of breast cancer patients in the northeastern Brazilian state of Sergipe to identify independent prognostic factors. We analyzed a cohort for the factors age at diagnosis, place of residence, time to treatment, staging, and molecular classification, using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, Pearson's chi-squared test and Cox regression model. The outcome was the vital status at the end of the study. Our analysis showed an OS probability of 0.72 and an SS probability of 0.75. In multivariate analysis, time to treatment within 60 days, stage IV, and triple-negative classification remained independent prognostic factors for both OS [unadjusted hazard ratio (HRp) 1.50 (1.21; 1.86), HRp 16.56 (8.35; 32.85), and HRp 2.73 (1.73; 4.29), respectively] and SS [HRp 1.43 (1.13; 1.81), HRp 20.53 (9.45; 44.56), and HRp 3.14 (1.88; 5.26), respectively]. Better survival was demonstrated for the following patients: those receiving their first treatment after 60 days, with an OS of 52.5 months (51.2; 53.8) and SS of 53.5 months (52.3; 54.7); stage I patients, with an OS of 58.8 months (57.7; 60.0) and SS of 59.2 months (58.1; 60.3); patients without nodal metastasis, with an OS of 54.2 months (53.0; 55.4) and SS of 55.6 months (54.5; 56.7); and patients with luminal A classification, with an OS of 56.8 months (55.0; 58.5) and SS of 57.8 months (56.2; 59.4). This study identified independent prognostic factors and that OS and SS were lower for patients from Sergipe than for patients in high-income areas. Therefore, determining the profiles of breast cancer patients in this population will inform specific cancer care.

ABSTRACT The study on the native species of fast growth and nodulation capacity, Ormosia discolor, intends to conserve genetic resources and make available seed lots of high vigor for seed orchards. This work evaluates the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds from 20 O. discolor trees as a subsidy for selecting superior mother trees. Twenty matrices selected from a population in the state of Amazonas were inventoried. Physical tests were performed on the seeds collected, including water content, biometrics, the weight of one thousand seeds, and coat permeability test. For vigor estimates and classification regarding seed storage, the seeds were frozen for five months. The germination test was carried out at a constant temperature of 30 °C. It was used a completely randomized design consisting of 20 mother trees, 4 replicates, and 25 seeds per plot. The germination characteristics evaluated were germination percentage, speed index, mean germination time, and synchronization index. Cut seeds are more efficient for determining water content. All biometric variables are representative for the selection of vigorous lots, with emphasis on geometric diameter, surface area, and sphericity of seeds. Species seeds were classified as orthodox and as having physical dormancy. The protrusion of the primary root is the best morphological characteristic for evaluating germination in the laboratory. The mother trees 7, 16, and 10 showed superior characteristics for dendrometric and technological data, being indicated for marking, phenological monitoring, and planting.

The morphology allows to identify and distinguish characters from the growth phases, as well as supports the studies of seed technology in the adequacy of protocols to evaluate the quality of the seed. The genus Jatropha is distinguished by its economic importance and by its diverse uses, mainly as medicinal. Considering their characteristics and economic relevance, we sought to investigate and illustrate the morphology of the seeds and the development of the seedling of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. and Jatropha podagrica Hook and assist in the propagation of the species. The seeds were collected in the city of Boa Vista (RR). The physical and biometric aspects were measured, the morphological characteristics of the seeds were described and illustrated, as well as the seedling development. The seeds of J. podagrica are larger than those of J. gossypiifolia, but they have similar external characteristics, such as hilum position, caruncle, raphe and chalaza, and internal, such as crass and fleshy endosperm, an axial embryo spatulated with foliate cotyledons. Both species have germination of the epigeal-phanerocotyledonary type. Aspects of seedling development differ between species in chronology, shape and position of the hypocotyl, epicotyl and eophyll.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is a health problem that affects approximately 7 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Vector transmission is one of the most important routes in South and Central American countries. Between 2013 and 2019, municipalities of Sergipe sent 507 triatomines for analysis, unveiling the largest records found in the south in the villages of Poço da Clara, Alagoinhas and Pilões, and the municipality of Tobias Barreto. The high prevalence of infected vectors in these localities motivated this epidemiological study. METHODS: After educational lectures on the vectors and risks of the disease, a structured questionnaire was administered to identify areas and risk factors for transmission of the parasite. The data guided the collection of vectors and blood samples from domestic reservoirs. RESULTS: The studied region is considered endemic for triatomines infected by Trypanosoma cruzi with three species of vectors; the highest prevalence was Panstrongylus lutzi (54.83%), followed by Triatoma pseudomaculata (43.54%), and Triatoma tibiamaculata (1.61%). In the villages in this study, 100% of the vectors were found intradomically. The coexistence of residents with domestic animals was reported by 62.04% (255) of those surveyed. Forty-one small animals that were actively living with humans at home in the localities were evaluated serologically. No infection was observed in the domestic animals. CONCLUSIONS: There are favorable conditions for the domiciliation of triatomines in the evaluated locations, contributing to the risk of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease.

Prostate cancer differently affects different regions of the world, displaying higher rates in more developed areas. After the implementation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, several studies described rising rates globally, but it is possible that indolent lesions are being detected given the lack of changes in mortality data. The Brazilian government recommends against PSA screening in the male population regardless of age, but the Urology Society issued a report recommending that screening should start at 50 years old for certain men and for those aged ≥75 years with a life expectancy exceeding 10 years. In this study, we examined the incidence and mortality rates of invasive prostate cancer over time in the Sergipe state of Brazil. The databases of the Aracaju Cancer Registry and Mortality Information System were used to calculate age-standardized rates for all prostate tumors (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition: C61 and D07.5) in the following age ranges: 20-44, 45-54, and ≥65 years. We identified 3595 cases of cancer, 30 glandular intraepithelial high-grade lesions, and 3269 deaths. Using the Joinpoint Regression Program, we found that the incidence of prostate cancer dramatically increased over time until the mid-2000s for all age groups, after which the rates declined. Prostate cancer mortality rates increased until 2005, followed by a non-significant annual percent change of 22.0 in 2001-2005 and a stable rate thereafter. We noticed that the increases and decreases of the incidence rates of prostate cancer were associated with the screening recommendations. Meanwhile, the increased mortality rates did not appear to be associated with decreased PSA testing; instead, they were linked to the effects of age and improvements in identification of the cause of death. Thus, we do not believe a PSA screening program would benefit the population of this study.

RESUMO (Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Algae, 45: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculales: Brachysira)). O levantamento florístico do gênero Brachysira Kützing (Naviculales) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, resultou da análise de 31 preparações permanentes de material coletado entre 1991 e 2017. As amostras de água e de substratos (macrófitas e rochas) de sistemas lênticos, riachos e do hidrofitotério foram coletadas e posteriormente oxidadas para análise ao microscópio de luz. Nove espécies e um morfotipo foram encontrados em 15 amostras de material do PEFI, sendo quatro novas citações para o Brasil (Brachysira cf. calcicola Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira frenguellii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot & Moser, Brachysira huitotarum Vouilloud, Sala & Núñez-Avellaneda e Brachysira intermedia (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot). Brachysira subrostrata Lange-Bertalot foi registrada pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo.

RESUMO (Análise de pólen em pelagem de morcegos Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) no Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). A polinização é uma relação mutualística bem-sucedida entre morcegos e angiospermas. Apesar disso, pouco se conhece sobre a diversidade polínica presente na pelagem de espécies de morcegos fitófagos. O objetivo deste estudo foi registrar os tipos polínicos encontrados na pelagem de morcegos Phyllostomidae, a fim de identificar possíveis interações entre esses animais e as plantas. Para a captura dos quirópteros no Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, foram utilizadas redes de neblina entre outubro de 2015 e setembro de 2016. Os grãos de pólen foram coletados com pincel e água destilada e submetidos à análise em laboratório. Setenta e dois tipos polínicos foram registrados, sendo que os mais frequentes foram Alchornea (9,3%, n=20), Eucalyptus (5,6%, n=12) e Euterpe (4,6%, n=10). Foram amostrados 267 morcegos pertencentes a cinco espécies, sendo que Artibeus lituratus, Stunira lilium e Artibeus fimbriatus apresentaram as maiores diversidades polínicas em seus corpos. Neste trabalho, foram identificadas interações inéditas entre morcegos e plantas.

As lesões agudas da medula espinhal são comuns na medicina veterinária. A gravidade de uma lesão medular é mensurada por três fatores: tempo (duração da compressão), grau de compressão e, especialmente, velocidade (força) da compressão. O diagnóstico pode ser feito através de radiografia. Não se recomenda utilização de corticosteroides após seis horas do traumatismo e sim anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais como o meloxicam. O meloxicam possui efeito neuroprotetor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de trauma medular por projétil em uma fêmea da espécie felina onde o tratamento de eleição foi anti-inflamatório não esteroidal meloxicam. Foi atendido na Clínica Veterinária da Faculdade Anhanguera de Dourados, um felino, SRD, fêmea, de aproximadamente seis meses de idade com paraplegia de membros pélvicos, sem resposta ao teste do panículo cutâneo caudal à L2, ausência de propriocepção bilateral em membros pélvicos, ausência de reflexos de dor profunda, reflexo dos esfíncteres uretral e anal diminuídos. No exame radiográfico da coluna toracolombar observou-se a presença de um projétil avançando o canal medular entre o espaço vertebral de L1-L2. Apresentou anemia normocítica normocrômica e leucocitose moderada nos exames de sangue. O animal foi encaminhado para realização de uma hemilaminectomia dorsolateral esquerda para retirada do projétil e descompressão medular. A paciente recuperou-se bem no pós-operatório e passou a realizar sessões de fisioterapia.

Descreve-se um caso de atendimento a animal, felino, adulto, fêmea, com diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática crônica tendo o útero gravídico em fase final de gestação como parte do conteúdo herniário. O gradativo crescimento fetal no decorrer da gestação determinou importante comprometimento respiratório. A gravidade do quadro exigiu interrupção cirúrgica da gestação com posterior herniorrafia por flape peritoneal, porém não houve êxito e o animal veio a óbito ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. O óbito foi atribuído à cronicidade e gravidade da condição clínica em que se encontrava. Este relato ressalta a importância da correção imediata de hérnias diafragmáticas e do acompanhamento pré-natal durante a gestação.

Cervical cancer is a health issue that disproportionately affects developing countries, where the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) remains an important screening tool. Brazilian government recommendations have focused screening on the female population aged from 25 to 64 years old. In this study, we examined the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer lesions and the incidence rates of in situ precancerous cervical lesions, aiming to calculate their respective statistics over time in a mid-sized Brazilian city, Aracaju. The 1996-2015 database from the Aracaju Cancer Registry and Mortality Information System was used to calculate age standardized rates for all invasive cervical tumors (International code of diseases, ICD-10: C53) and preinvasive cervical lesions (ICD-10: D06) in the following patient age ranges; ≤ 24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and ≥ 65 years old. We identified 1,030 cancer cases, 1,871 in situ lesions and 334 deaths. Using the Joinpoint Regression Program, we calculated the annual percentage incidence changes and our analyses show that cervical cancer incidence decreased up to 2008, increased up to 2012 and decreased again thereafter, a significant trend in all age groups from 25 years. The incidence of precursor lesions increased from 1996 to 2005 and has since decreased, a result significant in all age groups until 64 years. Cervical cancer mortality has decreased by 3.8% annually and trend analysis indicates that Pap smears have been effective in decreasing cancer incidence and mortality. However, recent trends shown here show a decreasing incidence of in situ lesions and may indicate either a real decrease or incomplete catchment. Thus, we suggest health policies should be re-considered and include sufficient screening and HPV vaccination strategies to avoid cervical cancer resurgence in the population.

This study aims at identifying ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed intrauterine infection by ZIKV. A cross-sectional study included 62 outpatient infants with congenital microcephaly, presumably secondary to maternal ZIKV infection. The included infants had head circumference below −2 standard deviations, with negative maternal serology for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and HIV. Assessment of ocular alterations was performed through review of their medical records. Forty two (67.7%) of the children analyzed presented some degree of ocular alteration. Findings in the posterior segment occurred in 29 (46.8%) patients, including atrophy of the retinal pigmentary epithelium in 15 (24.2%) patients, chorioretinal scars in 14 (22.6%) patients, retinal coloboma in 6 (9.7%) patients, and punctate retinal hemorrhage in 1 (1.6%) patient. Other ocular alterations were seen in 15 (24.2%) patients, including pathological strabismus in 11 (17.7%) patients, congenital cataracts in 2 (3.2%) patients, and nystagmus in 2 (3.2%) patients. Functional alterations were seen in four (6.5%) children. More than one change occurred in 11 (17.7%) children, eight of whom had head circumferences below −3 standard deviations. Changes in both the eyes occurred in 22 (35.5%) children, while 20 (32.3%) children had unilateral involvement. Among the 42 children with any ocular alteration, 27 (64.3%) children presented with severe microcephaly (head circumference with standard deviation lower than −3). The majority of children with microcephaly, presumably secondary to maternal ZIKV infection, present ocular alterations, with a higher frequency of involvement in the fundus. Severe ocular alterations are related to severe microcephaly.

O ensaio objetiva refletir de que maneira as microalgas podem ser teoricamente concebidas e metodologicamente utilizadas como instrumento biotecnológico de sensoriamento responsável por aumentar capacidade de percepção/ação/cognição e comunicação acerca das dinâmicas antrópicas da natureza – considerando, em termos epistemológicos, que a razão científica se afasta do senso comum na medida em que gera experiências instrumentalizadas entre sujeito-objeto do conhecimento. Também ampliam e corrigem as experiências fenomenológicas limitadas às capacidades humanas circunscritas a regras neurofisiológicas e neuropsicológicas do corpo humano, ou às lógicas técnico-científicas de outras áreas do saber ligadas à política. Elas funcionam como biotecnologias capazes de fazer crescer e de corrigir a inteligência e a sensibilidade de sistemas teórico-metodológicos aplicados em planos de diagnóstico, monitoramento e ajustes ambientais. Enquanto biotecnologias, as microalgas funcionam como prolongamentos e potencializadores dos corpos e dos cérebros dos cientistas ou das comunidades acadêmicas reunidas no interior das Ciências do Ambiente. Por fim, considera alguns obstáculos epistemológicos que impedem a participação dos bioindicadores na esfera das políticas voltadas à gestão ambiental.

The study aimed to describe bionomic aspects of Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 in order to allow the conservation or breeding of these bees. The nesting biology was studied using trap nests made with cardboard-paper tubes and plastic straws during the period between December 2014 and September 2015, in the Bee Unit of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 135 nests were obtained with 593 brood cells, from which emerged 448 adults and individuals of two parasitic species. The proportion of females (n = 297) was higher than that of males (n = 151) resulting in a sex ratio of 1.97:1. The total mortality in the nests was 24.45% and the majority of deaths recorded occurred at the pupal stage (33.1%). During their reproductive life, females of this bee species were able to construct up to 16 brood cells. The trap-nests removal and transfer to the laboratory shortly after finished by the bees reduced the attack of natural enemies.

A própolis é uma substância resinosa coletada por abelhas de diferentes partes de uma planta, portanto, sua qualidade é relacionada à sua origem botânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se os tipos polínicos encontrados indicam a origem botânica de suas resinas e contribuir com o conhecimento da relação destas abelhas com a vegetação do entorno do meliponário. Foram realizadas 31 coletas ao longo de 12 meses, com intervalo de sete dias entre elas. Os grãos de pólen foram extraídos da própolis e utilizados para confecção de lâminas para microscopia, posteriormente procedeu-se a identificação, contabilização e determinação das classes de frequência. Foram encontrados 94 tipos polínicos oriundos de 35 famílias botânicas. Borreria verticillata (34,17%) foi o tipo polínico mais frequente, seguido por Anadenanthera sp. (13,65%) e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (10,5%). Fabaceae (38,37%) e Rubiaceae (34,18%) foram as famílias que apresentaram as maiores frequências polínicas. Foram encontrados também 34 tipos polínicos exclusivos, ou seja tipos ocorrentes somente em um determinado mês do ano, podendo ser indicadores da caracterização sazonal de floração das espécies e assim inferir dados sobre sua fenologia. Os resultados obtidos não possibilitaram a determinação da origem botânica das resinas, entretanto a grande variedade de tipos polínicos encontrados nas amostras de própolis indicou uma ampla interação entre as abelhas e as plantas e contribuíram para a caracterização fitogeográfica da própolis.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar as características morfológicas complexas dos frutos e diásporos de inharé, e fornecer subsídios para o reconhecimento da planta na fase inicial do desenvolvimento. As infrutescências apresentam, em média, 2,2 cm x 2,9 cm x 2,6 cm, com 4-10 frutos inseridos ao perianto carnoso. Os frutos, drupas monospérmicas, apresentam um pericarpo fino-gelatinoso, que contem um pirênio globoso, levemente achatado, marrom opaco e liso medindo 0,9 cm x 0,8 cm x 0,6 cm. A semente exalbuminosa possui tegumento membranoso; o embrião é axial total e as reservas encontram-se nos cotilédones crassos e isófilos. A germinação é tipo hipógea criptocotiledonar; com a retirada do endocarpo, a protrusão da raiz primária ocorre após 10 dias da semeadura e a plântula normal aos 30 dias está completamente formada. A plântula possui os primeiros eofilos com filotaxia alterno-espriralada, forma elíptica com base atenuada, ápice agudo a acuminado e margem denteada; o epicótilo é cilíndrico, com aproximadamente 1,0 cm de comprimento, e possui catafilos; o sistema radicular é bem desenvolvido, com muitas raízes secundárias. As plantas jovens, entre 50 cm a 115 cm de altura, apresentam similaridades morfológicas com o indivíduo adulto, principalmente no tocante ao caule e às folhas.

O apoio matricial é uma estratégia potente e inovadora para enfrentar o desafio de reorganizar e qualificar o processo assistencial das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este artigo relata a implantação do Programa de Apoio Matricial em Cardiologia na rede básica de saúde de um município na Região Sul do Brasil e seus resultados iniciais. Trata-se de um estudo de pesquisa-ação no qual os pesquisadores em campo foram um cardiologista e uma enfermeira que participaram ativamente do delineamento do Programa de Apoio Matricial em Cardiologia. O material empírico foi constituído por anotações de campo, registros da Central de Regulação e depoimentos dos principais agentes envolvidos na implantação e realização do apoio matricial, obtidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas e reuniões. O programa foi implantado em 2010, em todas as 56 unidades básicas de saúde com os objetivos de expandir a educação permanente para os profissionais da rede e capacitar as equipes de saúde para a resolução de problemas cardiológicos que demandem menor densidade tecnológica. Os resultados evidenciam maior resolubilidade dos médicos da atenção primária, com consequente redução e qualificação dos encaminhamentos para os cardiologistas, acesso mais rápido aos cardiologistas e aos exames, além de importante redução da fila dessa especialidade. Propõe-se a continuidade desse programa, sua reprodução em outros locais e incorporação de outros profissionais que atuam nas equipes multidisciplinares da atenção primária.

O araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata) é uma fruteira nativa com grande potencial agroindustrial. Suas sementes são intolerantes ao dessecamento e apresentam dormência, o que dificulta sua propagação. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as características de germinação das sementes de araçá-boi submetidas a diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos: retirada parcial do tegumento, lixiviação e fracionamento. A germinação das sementes intactas e com retirada parcial do tegumento foi realizada em dois ambientes: casa de vegetação e viveiro telado com sombrite de 50%. Para a lixiviação, as sementes foram colocadas em balde e submetidas à lixiviação, em água corrente, por até 90 dias, com intervalos de 10 dias. O fracionamento das sementes foi realizado de acordo com a posição da zona meristemática de protrusão da raiz e parte aérea (fracionamento transversal e longitudinal). A retirada parcial do tegumento das sementes de araçá-boi diminui o tempo médio de germinação de 91 para 48 dias, com 100% de emergência. As sementes de araçá-boi mantidas submersas em água corrente por até 50 dias mantêm a viabilidade e o vigor. As frações de sementes que apresentam a protuberância meristemática formam plântulas normais, com as mesmas características de germinação das sementes intactas, porém os diferentes tipos de fracionamento não aceleraram nem uniformizaram a germinação das sementes.

O estudo sobre a diversidade das diatomáceas do reservatório do Iraí ampliou o conhecimento da flora diatomológica perifítica de ambientes eutróficos do estado do Paraná e contribuiu para subsidiar futuros trabalhos que utilizem diatomáceas como bioindicadoras das condições tróficas da água. Coletas trimestrais foram realizadas no reservatório durante um ano. As amostras perifíticas foram obtidas pela remoção do biofilme aderido a caules da macrófita Polygonum sp. e a lâminas de vidro. Estas foram colocadas em complexos de madeira e deixadas submersas durante 30 dias para colonização. O estudo taxonômico resultou na identificação de 11 citações pioneiras para o estado do Paraná entre as 96 espécies de diatomáceas determinadas. Maior diversidade de espécies foi registrada para o substrato macrófita. Achnanthidium minutissimum foi dominante na maior parte das amostras analisadas, sendo considerada tolerante às condições eutróficas do reservatório do Iraí. Fragilaria rumpens, Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitellata e Gomphonema gracile foram abundantes. Informações ecológicas sobre as espécies foram obtidas em literatura, sendo 35% características de sistemas aquáticos em processo avançado de eutrofização, 18% de ambientes mesotróficos e 19% classificadas como tolerantes e indiferentes ao estado trófico dos ambientes.This floristic survey contributed to our knowledge of periphytic diatoms in a eutrophic reservoir in Paraná state, and provided a basis for future works using diatoms as bioindicators of trophic water conditions. Samples were collected quarterly, over a year, by removing the biofilm attached to Polygonum sp. stems and to glass slides. The slides were placed in wooden frames and remained submersed for 30 days to colonize. The taxonomic study resulted in 11 new taxonomic records for Paraná state among the 96 identified diatoms. The highest species diversity was found in the macrophyte samples. Achnanthidium minutissimum was dominant in most samples analyzed and considered tolerant of the eutrophic conditions in Iraí reservoir. Fragilaria rumpens, Fragilaria vaucheriae var. capitellata and Gomphonema gracile were abundant. Ecological information on the species was obtained from the literature; 35% of the species were characteristic of aquatic systems in an advanced state of eutrophication, 18% of mesotrophic environments and 19% were classified as tolerant and indifferent to the trophic state of the environment.

O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar métodos de pré-condicionamento e concentrações da solução de tetrazólio na avaliação da qualidade de sementes de Parkia velutina Benoist. Os tratamentos pré-condicionantes das sementes foram avaliados com três métodos de escarificação: desponte na região oposta ao hilo, punção na região mediana e lixa nos dois lados da semente com posterior embebição em 200 ml de água para cada 25 sementes e permanência em câmara a 30 ºC por 16 horas. As concentrações da solução de tetrazólio testadas foram: 1,0%, 0,5% e 0,1% por duas horas na temperatura de 40 ºC. O tratamento de pré-condicionamento mais eficiente foi a combinação do desponte e lixamento nos dois lados da semente. A concentração de tetrazólio a 0,5% pode ser utilizada para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de P. velutina como complemento ao teste de germinação. O teste de tetrazólio se mostrou eficiente na caracterização de lesões ocasionadas por insetos e danos mecânicos em sementes de P. velutina.This manuscript aimed to determine methods of daily pre-conditioning and concentrations of the tetrazolium solution for evaluating the quality of Parkia velutina Benoist seeds. The daily pre-condicionanting seed treatments were evaluated using three scarification methods: coating cutting on the opposite side of the hilum region, puncture in the medium region and scarification with sandpaper on both sides of the seed, followed by soaking each of the 25 seeds in 200 ml of wate and permanence in chamber 30 ºC for 16 hours. The concentrations of the tetrazolium solution tested were 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% for two hours at 40 ºC. The more efficient daily pre-conditioning treatlment was a combination of the coating cutting and the scarification n both sides of the seed. The 0.5% tetrazolium concentration can be used to evaluate the viability of P. velutina seeds as complement to the germination test. The tetrazolium test showed its efficiency in the characterization of injuries caused by insects and mechanical damages in P. velutina seeds.

A apicultura familiar é uma atividade econômica e ecológica (devido à polinização) indispensável para sistemas de agricultura familiar que tem por finalidade trazer a inclusão social, renda fixa e bases ecológicas sustentáveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil atual da produção de mel de cinco comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo (Cangume, Pilões, Piririca, Porto Velho e, Ribeirão Grande/Terra Seca), quanto aos aspectos sociais, ambientais e das práticas de apicultura. Os resultados sugerem que nos aspectos sociais a apicultura familiar pode ser considerada uma segunda renda, que tem ainda problemas de condições sanitárias que diferem entre as comunidades, como falta de recurso de água potável e contaminação por mineração. Com o estudo de georreferenciamento, pôde-se estabelecer as condições ambientais locais que serviram de embasamento para o levantamento florístico de 85 espécies de plantas, distribuído em 32 famílias botânicas. As análises de umidade relativa e temperatura do ar e umidade do mel indicaram que os méis tiveram uma influência das condições climáticas e dos processos adotados. Já as medidas de pH e Condutividade Elétrica sugerem uma correlação com a origem botânica dos méis. A capacitação profissional nas comunidades permitiu uma sensibilização sobre a qualidade e composição do mel.

Introduction Schistosomiasis is endemic in 74 countries and is considered a serious public health problem in some locations. Methods A transverse study was performed of 13 landless settlements in southern Sergipe from February to December 2009. The study included 822 settlers, of whom 601 underwent stool testing. Results The prevalence of schistosomiasis in landless workers was 4.3%. The population has a low education level, and basic sanitation services are not available to all residents. Conclusions The prevalence of schistosomiasis was low in the population and among different settlements, possibly because of different forms of water use by the settlers.

O taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) é uma espécie frutífera bastante apreciada no Norte e Nordeste do País. Porém, alguns problemas fitotécnicos ainda persistem, dentre os quais a germinação irregular e distribuída ao longo do tempo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características de germinação das sementes, indicando algumas causas que contribuem para a baixa germinação das sementes, além de contribuir com a produção de mudas de boa qualidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido sob condições ambientais no Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Os endocarpos foram colocados para secar ao ambiente e, após 24 horas, foram determinadas as massas de 20 endocarpos e, posteriormente, colocados para germinar; a cada cinco dias, este procedimento foi repetido por um período de 135 dias. As sementes de taperebá não perdem a viabilidade quando colocadas para secar ao ambiente por 135 dias. O período de dessecamento das sementes diminuiu o tempo médio de germinação. Os endocarpos de taperebá são euricárpicos, cada endocarpo contém 1 a 4 sementes viáveis. A germinação do taperebá é do tipo epígeo fanerocotiledonar. A protrusão da raiz primária e do hipocótilo ocorre na parte truncada do endocarpo. De cada endocarpo, pode germinar mais de uma semente ao mesmo tempo, porém apenas uma raiz principal se desenvolve.Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a fruit species very appreciated in northern and northeastern Brazil. However, a few phytotechnical problems still persist, such as irregular and distributed germination along the time. The aim of the present paper was to study seed germination characteristics by pointing out some causes, which contribute for poor seed germination, as well as providing useful information for producing high quality seeds. The present study was carried out under environmental conditions at the Biological Science Institute in the Federal University of Amazonas. The endocarps were put to dry in the open air. After 24 h the masses of 20 endocarps were determined and then put to germinate; this procedure was repeated every five days for 135 days. Taperebá seeds lost no viability when put to dry in the air for 135 days. The seeds drying period diminished its average germination time. Taperebá endocarps are eurocarpic, each one containing from 1 to 4 viable seeds. Taperebá germination is the epigeous fanerocotiledonar type. Radicle and hypocotyls protrusion takes place on the truncated portion of the endocarp. More than one seed can germinate at the same time from the endocarp, yet only one main root will develop.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 55 espécies pertencentes a 15 gêneros da família Myrtaceae ocorrentes na “Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga”. Os seguintes táxons são incluídos: Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Calyptranthes concinna DC., C. grandifolia O. Berg, Campomanesia eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand ex Landrum, C. guaviroba (DC.) Kiaerk., C. guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, C. phaea (O. Berg) Landrum, C. pubescens (DC) O. Berg, Eugenia beaurepaireana (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, E. bimarginata DC., E. cerasifl ora Miq., E. cereja D. Legrand, E. convexinervia D. Legrand, E. dodonaeifolia Cambess., E. excelsa O. Berg, E. handroana D. Legrand, E. neoglomerata Sobral, E. neoverrucosa Sobral, E. pruinosa D. Legrand, E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. speciosa Cambess., E. stigmatosa DC., Gomidesia affi nis (Cambess.) D. Legrand, G. anacardiaefolia (Gardner) O. Berg, G. sellowiana O. Berg, G. tijucensis (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, Marlierea parvifl ora O. Berg, M. racemosa (Vell.) Kiaersk., Myrceugenia rufescens (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel, Myrcia amazonica DC., M. citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb., M. fallax (Rich.) DC., M. guianensis (Aubl.), M. laruotteana Cambess., M. laxifl ora Cambess., M. macrocarpa DC., M. multifl ora (Lam.) DC., M. pubipetala Miq., M. pulchra (O. Berg) Kiaersk., M. retorta Cambess., M. rostrata DC., M. tenuivenosa Kiaersk, M. tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., M. venulosa D.C., Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, M. fl oribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Neomitranthes pedicellata (Burret) Mattos, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum, Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, P. cinereum Mart. ex DC., P. guineense Sw., P. myrtoides O. Berg, P. rufum Mart ex DC. e Siphoneugena widgreniana O. Berg. Para todos os táxons estudados são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de cinco espécies pertencentes à família Menispermaceae (Abuta selloana Eichler, Cissampelos andromorpha DC, Disciphania modestaDiels, Hyperbaena domingensis (DC.) Benth, Odontocarya acuparata Miers) e de uma espécie pertencente à família Violaceae (Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don), ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, e observações.

Neste trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de sete gêneros e 11 táxons de Cucurbitaceae (Anisosperma passiflora (Vell.) A. Silva Manso, Cayaponia cabocla (Vell.) Mart., C. martiana (Cogn.) Cogn., C. pilosa (Vell.) Cogn., C. villosissima Cogn., Echinocystis racemosa (Steud.) Mart. Crov., Melothria campestre Naudin., M. cucumis Vell. var. cucumis, Sicydium gracile Cogn., Sicyos polyacanthos Cogn. e Wilbrandia verticillata (Vell.) Cogn.), ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga". São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações para todas espécies estudadas.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a palinologycal study of 16 Fabaceae species (Bauhinia variegata (L.), Caesalpinia echinata Lam., C. pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Calliandra surinamensis Benth., Cassia grandis L. f., Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Inga vera Willd., I. laurina (Sw.) Willd., Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth., M. pudica L., Myroxylon peruiferum L. f., Platypodium elegans Vogel, Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P. Queiroz, Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, S. polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and Senna trachypus (Mart. ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby), which occur in the Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas Campus I- UNIPAM, and in the urban area of the city. The results showed that Fabaceae is euripalinous, displaying small, medium, large and very large sized pollen grains, dispersed in monads, tetrads and polyads, 3-colporate, 3-colpate, 4-(5)-(6)-24-porate, and with psilate, rugulate, reticulate-rugulate, retipilate to striate-reticulate sexine.

ABSTRACT Flowers with heterodynamous stamens can present differences in the pollen grains of each stamen size group. Species of Aeschynomene L. present didynamous stamens (five long and five short) but little is known about their pollen dimorphism. The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge about the pollen characteristics in Aeschynomene and emphasize the possible morphological differences between the pollen grains of long and short stamens in order to contribute to ecological and taxonomic studies. Pollen grains from the two groups of stamens size of ten species were analyzed separately, according to the standard methodology for studies of pollen morphology. In addition, analyses of variance, comparison of means and base index were performed. The results showed that the amb, shape, endoaperture type and sexine ornamentation did not vary in the pollen grains of the long and short stamens in the same specimen, but they varied among the species. However, in relation to the size of the pollen grains of the two groups of stamens, four species presented significant differences regarding the size of the polar and equatorial axes. The pollen morphological data obtained considering the heteromorphism of the stamens can contribute to the knowledge of the repro ductive dynamics of the genus, and to the systematic studies.

Foram estudados os grãos de pólen de sete gêneros e 45 espécies de Melastomataceae (Huberia semisserrata DC., Leandra amplexicaulis DC., L. aurea Cogn., L. australis Cogn., L. cardiophylla Cogn., L. hirta Raddi, L. hirtella Cogn., L. mosenii Cogn., L. purpurascens Cogn., L. refracta Cogn., L. scabra DC., L. sericea DC., Miconia cabussu Hoehne, M. candolleana Triana, M. castanaeflora Naud., M. conferta Cogn., M. cubatanensis Hoehne, M. depauperata Gardn., M. hyemalis A. St.-Hil. et Naud., M. inaequidens Naud., M. latecrenata Naud., M. oblongifolia Cogn., M. petropolitana Cogn., M. pyrifolia Naud., M. sellowiana Naud., M. theaezans Cogn., M. urophylla DC., M. valtherii Naud., Mouriri chamissoana Cogn., Ossaea brachystachya Triana, Pleiochiton ebracteatum Triana, Tibouchina adenostemon Cogn., T. cerastifolia Cogn., T. chamissoana Cogn., T. clinopodifolia Cogn., T. frigidula Cogn., T. gracilis Cogn., T. granulosa Cogn., T. martialis Cogn., T. mutabilis Cogn., T. pulchra Cogn., T. raddiana Cogn., T. sellowiana Cogn., T. trichopoda Bail., T. velutina Cogn.) ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. São apresentadas descrições e observações para todas as espécies estudadas, bem como chave polínica para a identificação das espécies. Ilustrações são apresentadas somente para alguns táxons.

No presente trabalho, foram estudados os polinários de nove gêneros e 16 espécies de Asclepiadaceae ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Asclepias curassavica L., Blepharodon nitidum (Vell.) J F. Macbr., Ditassa burchellii var. vestita (Malme) Fontella, Ditassa hispida (Vell.) Fontella, Ditassa tomentosa (Decne.) Fontella, Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey., Gonianthela axillaris (Vell.) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz, Matelea glaziovii (E. Fourn.) Morillo, Orthosia urceolata E. Fourn., Oxypetalum appendiculatum Mart., Oxypetalum capitatum subsp. capitatum Mart., Oxypetalum insigne (Decne.) Malme, Oxypetalumpachyglossum Decne., Oxypetalumpedicellatum Decne., Oxypetalum wightianum Hook. & Arn., Tassadia subulata var. subulata (Vell.) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações para todas as espécies estudadas, bem como chaves para identificação das espécies dos gêneros Ditassa e Oxypetalum tomando como base a morfologia dos polinários.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados seis gêneros e oito espécies de Sapotaceae (Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. & Arn.) Radlk., Diploon cuspidatum (Hoehne) Cronq., Ecclinusa ramiflora Mart., Micropholis cuneata Pierre ex Glaziou, Pouteria bullata Baehni, P. laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk., P. reticulata (Engl.) Eyma, Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk., ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga. Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, chave polínica para as espécies de Pouteria e observações.

Focalizase neste trabalho, a anatomia foliar de Plumeria rubra L. var. alba. Observou-se no pecíolo e na lâmina foliar a presença de feixes vasculares bico laterais e de canais laticíferos, característicos da família. A iâmina foliar tem estrutura dorsiventral, anfiestomática, tendo-se detectado a ocorrência de estômatos anomocíticos e paracíticos e de pêlos simples, unicelulares, sendo que estes ocorrem somente sobre as nervuras ao nível da epiderme adaxial.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 11 espécies pertencentes à família Urticaceae (Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw., Cecropia glaziovii (Snethl), C. hololeuca (Miq), C. pachystachya Trécul, Coussapoa microcarpa ( Shott) Rizzini, Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew, Phenax sonneratti (Poir.) Wedd., Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd., U. caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb., U. nitida (Vell.) Brack). Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de cinco espécies, pertencentes às famílias Ericaceae (Agarista oleifolia (Cham.) G. Don., Gaylussacia brasiliensis (Spr.) Meissn., Olacaceae (Heisteria silvianii Schwacke) e Trigoniaceae (Trigonia nivea Camb., T. paniculata Warm.), ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga". Para todos os táxons estudados são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, e observações.

RESUMO Família: 119-Oxalidaceae. No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de quatro espécies de Oxalis L. da família Oxalidaceae (O. corniculata L., O. debilis Kunth, O. latifolia Kunth, O. triangularis A. St.-Hil.), ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga. Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

Foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 14 gêneros e 27 espécies de Euphorbiaceae s.l., ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga: Actinostemon klotzschii (Didr.) Pax, Alchornea sidifolia Müll. Arg., A. triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll. Arg., Croton floribundus Spreng., C. fuscescens Spreng., C. glandulosus L., C. lundianus (Didr.) Müll. Arg., C. organensis Baill., C. salutaris Casar., C. vulnerarius Baill., Dalechampia triphylla Lam., Euphorbia heterophylla L., E. hirta (L.) Millsp., E. hyssopifolia (L.) Small, E. peplus L., Gonatogyne brasiliensis Müll. Arg., Hieronyma alchorneoides Allemão, Maprounea guianensis Aubl., Pera obovata (Klotzsch) Baill., Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt., P. niruri L., P. tenellus Roxb., Plukenetia serrata (Vell.) L.J. Gillespie, Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, Savia dictyocarpa Müll. Arg., Sebastiania klotzschiana (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., S. serrata (Baill.) Müll. Arg. Para todos os táxons estudados, são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, e observações adicionais, bem como chaves polínicas para a identificação das espécies de alguns gêneros.

RESUMO Foi estudada a morfologia dos grãos de pólen de 18 espécies de Schefflera ocorrentes na Região Sudeste do Brasil: S. angustissima, S. calva, S. capixaba, S. cordata, S. fruticosa, S. gardneri, S. glaziovii, S. longipetiolata, S. lucumoides, S. macrocarpa, S. malmei, S. morototoni, S. selloi, S. spruceana, S. succinea, S. villosissima, S. vinosa e Schefflera aff. varisiana. Os grãos de pólen estudados são geralmente médios, raramente pequenos, com âmbito triangular a subtriangular, anguloaperturados, oblato-esferoidais a prolato-esferoidais, 3colporados, exina reticulada heterobrocada ou rugulado-reticulada. Relações filogenéticas entre algumas das espécies estudadas são discutidas com base nos resultados obtidos.