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Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Introduction: breast milk is the first fundamental food of newborns and it provides all the sources of energy, nutrients and the immunological protection they need during their first months of life. Unfortunately, there are specific circumstances that imply that the mother cannot feed her baby correctly, since the mother's nutritional needs differ to a certain extent during different periods of life. Especially in breastfeeding, since nutritional needs are increased, due to the loss of nutrients, first by colostrum and then by breast milk. Objective: to demonstrate the influence of the diet of Mexican women on the nutritional quality and the presence of beneficial microorganisms in human milk. Methods: seventy descriptive surveys of nutrition and sampling of milk to women in nursing state were carried out. The milks were subjected to various bromatological and microbiological analyzes to evaluate their nutritional quality and possible probiotic activity. Results: it was shown that the mother's food intake influences the nutritional quality of the milk. Likewise, it affects the development and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Several strains were isolated and identified in human milk of the genus Lactobacillus, as well as pathogenic bacteria such as Lodderomyces elongisporus among others. Conclusions: the mothers' nutrition is directly reflected in the nutritional quality of the milk. It was observed that the amount of essential nutrients of milk such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins vary according to the diet and life rhythm of the mothers, as well as the significant decrease of lactic bacteria with probiotic potential.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding, retinal neovascular disease. Systemic prolactin accesses the retina to regulate blood vessels. Prolactin is proangiogenic and can be cleaved to antiangiogenic vasoinhibins. We investigated whether circulating prolactin and vasoinhibins associate with incidence and progression of ROP., Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, case-control study covering postnatal weeks 1 to 9 measured serum prolactin, vasoinhibins, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) weekly in 90 premature infants diagnosed as ROP or control., Results: Prolactin levels were higher in ROP than in control patients before (106.2 ± 11.3 (SEM) vs. 64.7 ± 4.9 ng/ml, postnatal week 1) and during (120.6 ± 10 vs. 84.7 ± 7.5ng/ml, postnatal week 5) ROP diagnosis. Prolactin, but not gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, sepsis, or ventilation time, correlated with ROP. The relative risk (RR) of developing ROP increased if Prolactin (PRL) levels were higher than thresholds of 80 ng/ml (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.06-2.28), 100 ng/ml (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14-2.34), or 120 ng/ml (RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.41-2.68). Vasoinhibin levels were 39.7% higher (95% CI: 4.5-77.5) in the circulation of ROP than in control patients at postnatal week 1 and similar thereafter, whereas VEGF serum levels were always similar., Conclusion: High serum prolactin and vasoinhibin levels predict and may impact ROP progression.

To describe the characteristics of infants with bilateral Stage 4b or 5 ROP (i.e. with subtotal or total retinal detachment) who presented to eye departments in two major cities in Mexico, to identify reasons why they may have become blind in order to recommend how programs could be improved. A large case-series of infants with Stage 4b or 5 ROP in both eyes confirmed by ultrasound who attended the ROP Clinic, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara from September 2010 to November 2012, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez from December 2011 to December 2012 were identified from the diagnostic databases of each hospital. Mothers of infants in Guadalajara had a telephone interview. 89/94 eligible infants were included in the study, 48 in Guadalajara and 41 in Mexico City. Cases came from 22 of the 32 states in Mexico. Half of the infants attending Guadalajara 24/48 (50 %) had been cared for in NICUs without ROP screening programs and were not examined. Among the 24 infants cared for in NICUs with ROP programs, 7/24 (29.1 %) mothers reported that their infant had not been examined while in the NICU, and a further 9/24 (37.5 %) were either not referred for screening after discharge or they did not attend. Two infants had failed laser treatment. Strategies and resources to prevent end stage ROP have not been firmly established in Mexico. There is an urgent need to expand the coverage and quality of ROP programs, to ensure that existing screening guidelines are better adhered to, and to improve communication with parents.

VACTERL-H syndrome is a complex disorder of congenital malformations that implies vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, limbs and hydrocephalus. Its etiology has been identified in a fraction of patients largely due to their sporadic nature and its high degree of clinical heterogeneity. This report presents a newborn with VACTERL-H syndrome, associated with unusual branchial arch, dermoepidermal and nervous system anomalies, which are compared with those described in the medical literature. Based on our experience, the presentation of this case not only expands the knowledge of the spectrum of anomalies that can occur in VACTERL-H syndrome, but also can be useful in identifying patients with this heterogeneous phenotype.

Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of preventable blindness in premature babies. Currently, there is a shortage of trained ophthalmologists, which has resulted in an alarming increase in cases of vision loss and related complications. This study's aim was to determine the utility of examinations conducted by non-ophthalmologist physicians to assess posterior pole vessel abnormalities in eyes at risk for ROP., Method: Non-ophthalmologist physicians (pediatrician and neonatologist) were trained to use an indirect ophthalmoscope to view the posterior pole of babies at risk for ROP. Examinations were conducted on both eyes of premature infants born before 35 weeks gestational age (GA) starting at the third week after birth and weekly thereafter. The presence of Plus disease was identified by the non-ophthalmologist and results compared to the clinical examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist experienced in ROP detection and treatment. Chi-square was used for proportions and the Mann Whitney U test for medians. Fagan's nomogram was determined for diagnostic usability. The Kappa index was used to rate inter-observer agreement., Results: Results of 228 examinations performed on 150 premature infants were analyzed to determine the correlation of the non-ophthalmologist findings and the eye examination. For any vascular change in posterior pole diagnostic, findings were 87% and 87% accuracy for pediatrician and neonatologist, 82% and 83% sensitivity, 90% and 90% specificity respectively. There was no significant difference found in the detection of Plus disease for the examinations performed by the ophthalmologist compared to those performed by the non-ophthalmologist (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: After training in the use of an indirect ophthalmoscope, non-ophthalmologist physicians can reliably detect posterior pole retinal vessel changes for ROP diagnosis.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of the cleft lip and palate and its association with some risking factors., Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational and analytic study, of 44 newborn infants with cleft lip and palate and their controls, in 33,461 consecutive births, with 20 weeks or more, and birth weight more than 500 g, since November of 1988 to June of 1991. The information were obtained from the database of the Congenital External Malformation Register, done by the University of Guadalajara, in four hospitals. The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was calculated. Of the variables studied their association was searched with congenital malformation in 2 x 2 tables, calculating, its chi square, confidence interval, and old ratio., Results: The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was of 13.2 x 10,000 births. By categories: cleft lip 2.7 x 10,000, cleft lip and palate 7.8 x 10,000 and cleft palate 2.7 x 10,000. The only statistics differences with control group were the association with antecedent of other malformation in the family and methrorrague during pregnancy., Conclusions: The found prevalence is similar to the one informed in the literature, with some differences by categories. The association with antecedent of another malformation in the family, support the role of the hereditary role in the multifactorial etiology.