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Wildlife diseases are a considerable threat to human health, conservation, and the economy. Surveillance is a critical component to mitigate the impact of animal diseases in these sectors. To monitor human diseases, CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein) biosensors have proven instrumental as diagnostic tools capable of detecting unique DNA and RNA sequences related to their associated pathogens. However, despite the significant advances in the general development of CRISPR-Cas biosensors, their use to support wildlife disease management is lagging. In some cases, wildlife diseases of concern could be rapidly surveyed using these tools with minimal technical, operational, or cost requirements to end users. This review explores the potential to further leverage this technology to advance wildlife disease monitoring and highlights how concerted standardization of protocols can help to ensure data reliability.

Mass spectrometry (MS) has long been considered a cornerstone technique in analytical chemistry. However, the use of MS in animal health laboratories (AHLs) has been limited, however, largely because of the expense involved in purchasing and maintaining these systems. Nevertheless, since ~2020, the use of MS techniques has increased significantly in AHLs. As expected, developments in new instrumentation have shown significant benefits in veterinary analytical toxicology as well as bacteriology. Creative researchers continue to push the boundaries of MS analysis, and MS now promises to impact disciplines other than toxicology and bacteriology. I include a short discussion of MS instrumentation, more detailed discussions of the MS techniques introduced since ~2020, and a variety of new techniques that promise to bring the benefits of MS to disciplines such as virology and pathology., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Animal diseases are a major concern to animal welfare, human health and the global economy. Early detection, prevention and control of these animal diseases are crucial to ensure sustainability of livestock sector, to reduce farm losses and protecting public health. Points of care (POC) devices are small, portable instruments that provide rapid results thus reduce the risk of disease transmission and enable early intervention. CRISPR based diagnostics offer more accurate and efficient solution for monitoring animal health due to their quick response, can detect very low level of pathogenic organism or disease markers and specificity. These diagnostics are particularly useful in the in area with limited resources or access to common diagnostic methods, especially in developing countries. The ability of electrochemical sensors to detect accurately very low analyte concentration makes them suitable for POC diagnostics and field application. CRISPR base electrochemical biosensors show great potential in revolutionizing disease detection and diagnosis including animal health. However, challenges, such as achieving selectivity and sensitivity, need to be addressed to enhance the competitiveness of these biosensors. Currently, most CRISPR based bioassay research focuses on nucleic acid target detection, but researchers exploring to monitor small organic/inorganic non-nucleic acid molecules like toxins and proteins. Emerging diagnostics would be centered on CRISPR-Cas system will offer great potential as an accurate, specific and effective means to identify microorganism, virus, toxins, small molecules, peptides and nucleic acid related to various animal health disorders particularly when integrated into electrochemical biosensing platform., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (ISWAVLD) is the unmissable biannual meeting of all diagnostic veterinary laboratories including biologists, veterinarians and other scientists involved in laboratory diagnostics. It took place at the Lyon Convention Centre (29 June-1 July 2023). It was a pleasant and enriching moment, which allowed participants to discover and/or discuss new diagnostic methods and the epidemiology of animal diseases, around all themes involving veterinarians (animal health, but also environmental and human health, and food safety).

Background: In general, animal diseases have a significant impact on public health; accordingly, an effective animal disease surveillance system is an important control system that requires efficient and engaging participants in the long run. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of monetary and social motivation on animal disease surveillance. We hypothesized that there are two sorts of motivation based on Fiske's relational theory (1992): monetary incentives (monetary markets) and nonmonetary incentives (social markets)., Methods: In Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand, we analyzed data from a pilot project that began in 2014 and used a mobile application to report on signs that identify animal health problems. A total of 67 participants from 17 different areas in the central part of the province participated in this study. Participants in this study were divided into two groups: those who received monetary incentives and those who received social incentives., Results: According to the findings, the monetary market group's effort was significantly higher than that of the social market group during the time when the volunteers in the monetary market group were paid. However, in the long run, the monetary market group reported significantly less than the social market group. Social incentive, on the other hand, was more efficient once the payment period ended., Conclusions: Social incentive outperformed monetary motivation in terms of efficiency and sustainability in the long run. Not only did the volunteers who were offered monetary incentive put in less effort than those who were offered the social incentive, but they were also not remotivated by the social incentive after the payment period had ended., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.