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The paper outlines the challenges faced by street-connected children in India, particularly the lack of accurate data and the failure of governance systems to address their needs. It introduces the Rag Dreams Weaver Association case study in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, focusing on their mentorship programs to empower street-connected children in urban planning and policy-making processes. The paper argues for the inclusion of youth voices in participatory design, challenging traditional skepticism within city agencies. It suggests that involving young people in decision-making can rectify historical planning errors and create more equitable urban environments.

Introduction: Aspiration cytology has recently become the first-line of investigation during the initial assessment of any swelling. It is also an effective tool for the early diagnosis of malignancy. In this study, the feasibility of extending the benefits of this simple, cost-effective procedure to the community level has been assessed. Aim: In the present study, attempts were made to prove that most aspirations and subsequent interpretations of aspirated samples could be accomplished by Junior Residents (JRs) even in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bankura Sammilani Medical College (BSMC), West Bengal, India for a period of nine years (01/01/2014 to 31/12/2022). Conventional aspirations without guidance were included in the study group. The majority of aspirations were successfully conducted by JRs, and only 4.5% (823) of conventional aspirations needed the help and supervision of senior faculties. All adequate aspirations were then independently interpreted by two separate JRs, and the proportion of cases with similar and dissimilar interpretations was duly noted. Finally, all the smears were assessed by senior faculties and compared with the interpretations of JRs. Result: During this study period, a total of 19,743 aspirations were done of which 18,391 were conventional. JRs aspirated 17,568 (95.5%) of these cases. Data analysis revealed that JRs were successful in 16,570 (83.9%) of total aspirations and also correctly interpreted 13,381 (67.8%) of total cases. Conclusion: This study proved that one year of training could be sufficient to achieve a desirable level of competency in aspiration and interpretation of cytological samples. So, willing doctors with the necessary training could perform as Community Cytopathologists (CCPs) to extend the benefits of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) up to the block level, thus escalating the fight against malignancy.

In this study, an Economic Return Quantity (ERQ) model for the Empty Container Reposition (ECR) problem using the reverse logistics (RL) approach is developed. Some of the model’s primary considerations are the return rate that depends on the quantity and quality of the empty container, and the capacity constraints to hold the empty container in the port. The model of ERQ is optimized using an analytical approach. Based on the result of the hypothetical case, the authors examined that the acceptable quality level of reusable containers should be set at 67%, 55%, and 50% for the three types of containers to be able to obtain minimum inventory costs. Two cases of binding and nonbinding constraints are investigated, and it is found that the binding constraint gives 3.4% higher cost than the latter. The results of this study help the container depots to plan, manage, and handle empty containers so that the container utility can be increased, and inventory costs can be minimized.

Abstract The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-binding integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 are clinically validated cancer and fibrosis targets of considerable therapeutic importance. Compounds that can discriminate between homologous αvβ6 and αvβ8 and other RGD integrins, stabilize specific conformational states, and have high thermal stability could have considerable therapeutic utility. Existing small molecule and antibody inhibitors do not have all these properties, and hence new approaches are needed. Here we describe a generalized method for computationally designing RGD-containing miniproteins selective for a single RGD integrin heterodimer and conformational state. We design hyperstable, selective αvβ6 and αvβ8 inhibitors that bind with picomolar affinity. CryoEM structures of the designed inhibitor-integrin complexes are very close to the computational design models, and show that the inhibitors stabilize specific conformational states of the αvβ6 and the αvβ8 integrins. In a lung fibrosis mouse model, the αvβ6 inhibitor potently reduced fibrotic burden and improved overall lung mechanics, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of de novo designed integrin binding proteins with high selectivity.

Abstract. This study aims to find out empirically anxiety in undergoing romantic relationships among women survivors of toxic relationships and what are the factors that influence anxiety in undergoing romantic relationships among women survivors of toxic relationships. The research method chosen was qualitative research with data collection techniques consisting of interviews and observation. Respondents in this study amounted to 3 respondents with the criteria of female students who are currently studying at both public and private universities, age range 20 to 22, are not currently in a romantic relationship, and have had a toxic relationship in a romantic relationship for at least one year. , and found the dynamics of anxiety in the subject. The results found in this study are toxic relationships in undergoing romantic relationships with forms of physical, psychological, sexual and financial or economic violence can cause a negative impact on the survivor's psychology in the form of anxiety caused by bad past experiences and anxiety about the relationship that will come. Keywords: Anxiety, Toxic relationship, Survivor, Romantic Relationship Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris kecemasan dalam menjalani relasi romantis pada perempuan penyintas toxic relationship dan apa saja faktor yang memengaruhi kecemasan dalam menjalani relasi romantis pada perempuan penyintas toxic relationship. Dengan metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan observasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 responden dengan kriteria mahasiswi yang tengah menempuh pendidikan baik di universitas negeri maupun swasta, rentang usia 20 hingga 22, sedang tidak dalam status menjalin hubungan relasi romantis, dan pernah menjalani toxic relationship dalam relasi romantis pada kurun waktu minimal satu tahun, serta ditemukan dinamika kecemasan pada subjek. Hasil yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini adalah toxic relationship dalam menjalani relasi romantis dengan bentuk kekerasan fisik, psikis, seksual dan finansial atau ekonomi dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif pada psikis penyintas nya berupa kecemasan yang dikarenakan oleh pengalaman masa lalu yang buruk dan rasa cemas mengenai hubungan yang akan datang. Kata kunci: Kecemasan, Toxic relationship, Penyintas, Relasi Romantis

Discussion forums are a key component of online learning platforms, allowing learners to ask for help, provide help to others, and connect with others in the learning community. Analyzing patterns of forum usage and their association with course outcomes can provide valuable insight into how learners actually use discussion forums, and suggest strategies for shaping forum dynamics to improve learner experiences and outcomes. However, the fine-grained coding of forum posts required for this kind of analysis is a manually intensive process that can be challenging for large datasets, e.g., those that result from popular MOOCs. To address this issue, we propose an AI-assisted labeling process that uses advanced natural language processing techniques to train machine learning models capable of labeling a large dataset while minimizing human annotation effort. We fine-tune pretrained transformer-based deep learning models on category, structure, and emotion classification tasks. The transformer-based models outperform a more traditional baseline that uses support vector machines and a bag-of-words input representation. The transformer-based models also perform better when we augment the input features for an individual post with additional context from the post's thread (e.g., the thread title). We validate model quality through a combination of internal performance metrics, human auditing, and common-sense checks. For our Python MOOC dataset, we find that annotating approximately 1% of the forum posts achieves performance levels that are reliable for downstream analysis. Using labels from the validated AI models, we investigate the association of learner and course attributes with thread resolution and various forms of forum participation. We find significant differences in how learners of different age groups, gender, and course outcome status ask for help, provide help, and make posts with emotional (positive or negative) sentiment.

BackgroundCustomized fetal growth charts assume birthweight at term to be normally distributed across the population with a constant coefficient of variation at earlier gestational ages. Thus, standard deviation used for computing percentiles (e.g., 10th, 90th) is assumed to be proportional to the customized mean, although this assumption has never been formally tested.MethodsIn a secondary analysis of NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons (12 U.S. sites, 2009-2013) using longitudinal sonographic biometric data (n = 2288 pregnancies), we investigated the assumptions of normality and constant coefficient of variation by examining behavior of the mean and standard deviation, computed following the Gardosi method. We then created a more flexible model that customizes both mean and standard deviation using heteroscedastic regression and calculated customized percentiles directly using quantile regression, with an application in a separate study of 102, 012 deliveries, 37-41 weeks.ResultsAnalysis of term optimal birthweight challenged assumptions of proportionality and that values were normally distributed: at different mean birthweight values, standard deviation did not change linearly with mean birthweight and the percentile computed with the normality assumption deviated from empirical percentiles. Composite neonatal morbidity and mortality rates in relation to birthweight < 10th were higher for heteroscedastic and quantile models (10.3% and 10.0%, respectively) than the Gardosi model (7.2%), although prediction performance was similar among all three (c-statistic 0.52-0.53).ConclusionsOur findings question normality and constant coefficient of variation assumptions of the Gardosi customization method. A heteroscedastic model captures unstable variance in customization characteristics which may improve detection of abnormal growth percentiles.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00912132.

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak pada sektor kesehatan, ekonomi maupun sosial. Pada sektor kesehatan, bertambahnya jumlah kasus Covid-19 mengakibatkan upaya kesehatan bersumber daya masyarakat (UKBM) seperti pos pelayanan terpadu (Posbindu) tidak bisa berjalan. Salah satu kegiatan yang berhenti adalah edukasi dan skrining faktor risiko hipertensi di masyarakat. Kondisi ini akhirnya berdampak pada surveilans faktor risiko hipertensi yang terganggu di puskesmas. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat melalui skrining faktor risiko hipertensi dan pemberian penyuluhan mengenai hipertensi. Sasaran kegiatan skrining adalah masyarakat usia produktif 15-59 tahun di Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan dan dilakukan dengan desain studi potong lintang. Sedangkan sasaran penyuluhan adalah kader yang bertanggung jawab sebagai pelaksana Posbindu. Pre test dan post test diberikan untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan setelah diberikan penyuluhan melalui zoom meeting. Hasilnya adalah 26,9% masyarakat mengalami hipertensi. Faktor –faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi adalah usia di atas 50 tahun, memiliki IMT kategori gemuk, memiliki riwayat orang tua terkena hipertensi, perilaku konsumsi makanan bersantan, perilaku konsumsi makanan berlemak, tidak olahraga, mengalami stres, sulit tidur, keluhan sakit kepala, dan keluhan sakit tengkuk (dengan nilai p-value

The emerging concerns towards sustainability have encouraged industrial stakeholders to get involved and cooperate to achieve a sustainable supply chain. This paper develops a coordination mechanism for a closed-loop supply chain, operating under several policies to control the carbon emission, namely a carbon tax regulation, government incentives policy, green technology investment, and energy-saving investment. The carbon tax regulation is implemented to lessen the emissions from the manufacturer’s activities. Whereas, to encourage the manufacturer to cut down the emission as well as to increase the product return and energy savings, the government provides incentives based on a target level. The system operates under a variable market demand which is affected by the retailer’s selling price, green technology, and energy-saving levels. The proposed problem is formulated under two different scenarios, which are the centralized model and the decentralized model. To improve the supply chain coordination, we also propose two different contracts, namely the green technology revenue-investment-sharing contract (GRIS contract) and the energy saving revenue-investment-sharing contract (ERIS contract). The system inflicted with two types of inspection error in classifying the returned products. The models are formulated mathematically and optimized using a proposed algorithm. The result shows that the centralized model performs better in maximizing the total profit compared to the decentralized model. The results also imply that the government incentives toward product returns, green technology, and energy-saving actually affect the optimal decision of the supply chain system. In addition, the proposed contracts are proven to provide win–win solutions and improve supply chain coordination.

Subsea oil and gas (O&G) exploration demands significantly high power to supply the electrical loads for extraction and pumping of the oil and gas. The energy demand is usually met by fossil fuel combustion-based platform generation, which releases a substantial volume of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane into the atmosphere. The severity of the resulting adverse environmental impact has increased the focus on more sustainable and environment-friendly power processing for deepwater O&G production. The most feasible way toward sustainable power processing lies in the complete electrification of subsea systems. This paper aims to dive deep into the technology trends that enable an all-electric subsea grid and the real-world challenges that hinder the proliferation of these technologies. Two main enabling technologies are the transmission of electrical power from the onshore electrical grid to the subsea petroleum installations or the integration of offshore renewable energy sources to form a microgrid to power the platform-based and subsea loads. This paper reviews the feasible power generation sources for interconnection with subsea oil installations. Next, this interconnection’s possible power transmission and distribution architectures are presented, including auxiliary power processing systems like subsea electric heating. As the electrical fault is one of the major challenges for DC systems, the fault protection topologies for the subsea HVDC architectures are also reviewed. A brief discussion and comparison of the reviewed technologies are presented. Finally, the critical findings are summarized in the conclusion section.

Wastewater produced from cheese industry is rich in biological component such as whey protein, fat and lactose. Whey protein is the residual liquid of cheese making process with a high protein efficiency ratio. The wastewater source used in this study was whey liquid from cheese processing industry located at West Java, Indonesia. Conversion of soluble whey protein into whey protein microparticle is required to produce food with nutritional value that can be adjusted to the needs of the specific target with high digestibility and palatability. Whey protein was collected by separation technique through heat treatment at specific condition. This was done by changing the heat treatment condition and pH of the samples. Changing the pH of the samples before heat treatment affect the ionic strength of the whey protein hence, altering the properties of the concentrate. This study aims to produce whey protein concentrate heated at various pH level and to observe physicochemical and functional properties of the concentrates. The method used in this research was a descriptive method conducted on three treatments and two replications namely whey protein concentrate production in a pH condition 6.4; 6.65; and 7.0. The parameters observed were physicochemical and functional properties. Furthermore, the result showed that there were decrease in protein content, along with the increasing pH before heat treatment. Microstructure image (SEM) showed a finer particles with the increasing pH. Meanwhile, solubility of the rehydrated samples tends to increase along with the increasing pH. The measurement of functional properties of the samples showed that denatured whey protein produced at different pH before heat treatment have different water holding capacity and a tendency to form bonds between protein particles thereby increasing the viscosity value. These physicochemical and functional properties were suitable for denatured whey protein to be used as a texture controller in whey protein based-food production.

The increasing demand for the development and utilization of renewable energy resources has lead to a growing interest in the development of LVDC systems. The dc grid provides more flexibility in integrating different forms of renewable energy sources effectively. However, the lack of a reliable protection mechanism remains the main drawback in the growth of dc distribution systems. Unlike ac systems, the absence of a natural zero crossing in dc systems for arc extinction makes the use of a conventional mechanical circuit breaker (MCB) a less reliable solution. The use of a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) results in fast fault interruption but reduces the overall efficiency of the system due to the on-state voltage drop of the semiconductor devices. A hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) combining MCB and SSCB yields better static and dynamic performances but the main challenges remains in the demagnetization of the transmission line inductance after a fault interruption and an arc formation between the MCB contacts. This paper proposes a hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) which is suitable for fast fault interruption in low voltage dc (LVDC) systems while alleviating the above issues. Proposed topology employs a semiconductor switch as well as an actively switched capacitor branch in parallel with the main mechanical breaker to facilitate fast current commutation during a fault. The mechanical breaker forming the main branch is turned off at zero voltage. This eliminates the arc formation across the moving contacts of the breaker. Moreover, the fault interruption process does not require a varistor for network demagnetization following the fault current commutation. This paper also presents a discharging mechanism for the capacitor in a practical implementation. Operation of the proposed dc circuit breaker is evaluated through a prototype tested in the laboratory.

The EuroQuality of life-5 dimension 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) and Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) are the most widely used generic instruments for assessing utility as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic studies. Different instruments cause different utility values and influence the decision making. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility score index measured using EuroQuality of life-5 dimension 5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) and Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) in general population. The study was conducted cross sectional design in general population in the Yogyakarta. EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D questionnaires were given to 470 respondents to measure the utility score index. Differences of utility index scores based on demographic characteristics were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test, while correlations between EQ-5D and SF-6D domains with utility scores were analyzed using Pearson Correlation. Limits of agreement were described by Bland and Altman Plot. The results of the study showed the utility scores measured using EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, and SF-6D were 0.944 (SD = 0.093), 0.829 (SD = 0.089) and 0.915 (SD = 0.081) respectively. EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS can distinguish utility values based on age. There is a strong correlation (> 0.700) between the domain of mobility and pain with the EQ-5D-5L utility index, and the domain of physical function and pain with the SF-6D utility index. Ceiling effect of EQ-5D-5L (59%) is greater than SF-6D (22.4%). The Bland and Altman plot shows the difference in utility scores of EQ-5D-5L with SF-6D, SF-6D with EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D-5L with VAS, respectively at the limit of agreement 92.98%, 96 , 38%, and 95.74%. EQ-5D-5L can distinguish utility scores based on age, but showed higher ceiling effect. Both EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D showed a strong correlation between the domain of mobility (physical function) and pain with the utility score.

Engineered proteins generally must possess a stable structure in order to achieve their designed function. Stable designs, however, are astronomically rare within the space of all possible amino acid sequences. As a consequence, many designs must be tested computationally and experimentally in order to find stable ones, which is expensive in terms of time and resources. Here we use a high-throughput, low-fidelity assay to experimentally evaluate the stability of approximately 200,000 novel proteins. These include a wide range of sequence perturbations, providing a baseline for future work in the field. We build a neural network model that predicts protein stability given only sequences of amino acids, and compare its performance to the assayed values. We also report another network model that is able to generate the amino acid sequences of novel stable proteins given requested secondary sequences. Finally, we show that the predictive model—despite weaknesses including a noisy data set—can be used to substantially increase the stability of both expert-designed and model-generated proteins.

This study comes up with a new insight into the area of pricing strategy to include consumer perspective under duopolistic competition. Two firms with vertically differentiated products are investigated to compete against price and quality. The implication of outsourcing decisions as one operational strategy carried out by a firm that offers a product with lower price and quality is examined. We consider several components of cost, namely in-house production, quality loss, and outsourcing costs. Market share is calculated using the concept of consumer utility and marginal valuation. Since both firms compete in terms of product prices, the optimal prices must be determined to obtain the equilibrium condition. In addition to profit maximization, this model also aims to minimize the gap between consumer and firm utilities. By optimizing the model sequentially, we obtain the optimal solution regarding product prices, dimensional tolerances, and outsource proportion.

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is also a target of ROS, with an implied role in the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and induction of the AMPK pathway. Here we used varying doses of two agents, Mito-Paraquat and Mito-Metformin, that have been conjugated to cationic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety to selectively target them to the mitochondrial matrix compartment, thereby resulting in the site-specific generation of ROS within mitochondria. These agents primarily induce superoxide (O2•–) production by acting on complex I. In Raw264.7 macrophages, C2C12 skeletal myocytes, and HCT116 adenocarcinoma cells, we show that mitochondria-targeted oxidants can induce ROS (O2•– and H2O2). In all three cell lines tested, the mitochondria-targeted agents disrupted membrane potential and activated calcineurin and the Cn-dependent retrograde signaling pathway. Hypoxic culture conditions also induced Cn activation and HIF1α activation in a temporally regulated manner, with the former appearing at shorter exposure times. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidant-induced retrograde signaling is driven by disruption of membrane potential and activation of Ca2+/Cn pathway and is independent of ROS-induced HIF1α or AMPK pathways.

Summary: This study shows that multiple modes of mitochondrial stress generated by partial mtDNA depletion or cytochrome c oxidase disruption cause ryanodine receptor channel (RyR) dysregulation, which instigates the release of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of C2C12 myoblasts and HCT116 carcinoma cells. We also observed a reciprocal downregulation of IP3R channel activity and reduced mitochondrial uptake of Ca2+. Ryanodine, an RyR antagonist, abrogated the mitochondrial stress-mediated increase in [Ca2+]c and the entire downstream signaling cascades of mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Interestingly, ryanodine also inhibited mitochondrial stress-induced invasive behavior in mtDNA-depleted C2C12 cells and HCT116 carcinoma cells. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation shows reduced FKBP12 protein binding to RyR channel proteins, suggesting the altered function of the Ca2+ channel. These results document how the endoplasmic reticulum-associated RyR channels, in combination with inhibition of the mitochondrial uniporter system, modulate cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling under mitochondrial stress conditions.

Background: Survival of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative bacteria for leprosy, in the human host is dependent to an extent on the ways in which its genome integrity is retained. DNA repair mechanisms protect bacterial DNA from damage induced by various stress factors. The current study is aimed at understanding the sequence and functional annotation of DNA repair genes in M. leprae. Methods: T he genome of M. leprae was annotated using sequence alignment tools to identify DNA repair genes that have homologs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli. A set of 96 genes known to be involved in DNA repair mechanisms in E. coli and Mycobacteriaceae were chosen as a reference. Among these, 61 were identified in M. leprae based on sequence similarity and domain architecture. The 61 were classified into 36 characterized gene products (59%), 11 hypothetical proteins (18%), and 14 pseudogenes (23%). All these genes have homologs in M. tuberculosis and 49 (80.32%) in E. coli. A set of 12 genes which are absent in E. coli were present in M. leprae and in Mycobacteriaceae. These 61 genes were further investigated for their expression profiles in the whole transcriptome microarray data of M. leprae which was obtained from the signal intensities of 60bp probes, tiling the entire genome with 10bp overlaps. Results: It was noted that transcripts corresponding to all the 61 genes were identified in the transcriptome data with varying expression levels ranging from 0.18 to 2.47 fold (normalized with 16SrRNA). The mRNA expression levels of a representative set of seven genes ( four annotated and three hypothetical protein coding genes) were analyzed using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) assays with RNA extracted from skin biopsies of 10 newly diagnosed, untreated leprosy cases. It was noted that RNA expression levels were higher for genes involved in homologous recombination whereas the genes with a low level of expression are involved in the direct repair pathway. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary information on the potential DNA repair pathways that are extant in M. leprae and the associated genes.

The modern market has made the wet market have to change its appearance to be able to provide competitiveness with the modern market. Therefore, in this study comparing wet markets that have been revitalized (Manis Market) and not revitalized (Pon Market) in Purwokerto. In this research, to analyze the influence of several factors such as capital, working hours and length of business on the income of traders and to analyze differences in the average income of traders in Manis Market and Pon Market. The data used in this research are primary data taken from 84 respondents from Manis Market and 55 respondents from Pon Market. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that capital has a significant influence on the income of traders while other factors such as working hours and length of business do not significantly influence the income of traders in the Manis Market. Then the capital and duration of the business have a significant influence on the income of traders while other factors such as working hours do not significantly influence the income of traders in Pon Market. Result of Independent Sample t-test also shows that there are significant differences in the average income of traders between Manis Market and Pon Market. Thus, revitalization is still a factor that can enhance the competitiveness of traditional markets. Keywords: income, capital, working hours, length of business, and revitalization

Large-scale quantum networks require quantum memories featuring long-lived storage of non-classical light together with efficient, high-speed and reliable operation. The concurrent realization of these features is challenging due to inherent limitations of matter platforms and light–matter interaction protocols. Here, we propose an approach to overcome this obstacle, based on the implementation of the Autler–Townes-splitting (ATS) quantum-memory protocol on Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) platform. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle of this approach by storing short pulses of single-photon-level light as a collective spin-excitation in a rubidium-BEC. For 20 ns long-pulses, we achieve an ultra-low-noise memory with an efficiency of 30% and lifetime of 15 μ s. The non-adiabatic character of the ATS protocol (leading to high-speed and low-noise operation) in combination with the intrinsically large atomic densities and ultra-low temperatures of the BEC platform (offering highly efficient and long-lived storage) opens up a new avenue toward high-performance quantum memories.

Branch of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) in Tanjung Perak is one of the institution body that appointed by the Government to carry out the collection and remittance of WAPU VAT according to PMK No. 85 / PMK.03 / 2012 (amended by PMK No. 136 / PMK.03 / 2012). WAPU VAT collection and deposit system are inefficient because it requires a lot of time and effort when it comes to input the data entry of tax invoice, printing Tax Deposit and sent it to Bank Perception. Three steps activities need to be done more than once. Therefore, Branch of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) in Tanjung Perak need the collection and remittance of the WAPU VAT system that sufficient to improve the efficiency of tax suboffices performance.This research aims to design the accounting information system for collecting and depositing process WAPU VAT. WAPU VAT Deposit using e-tax payment application are expected to overcome the problems that will arise in the WAPU VAT system deposit.Exploratory qualitative approach with case study method chosen in order to dig up the real problem occurs and find a solution. This research are expected to contribute significantly towards Branch of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero) in Tanjung Perak as a research subject. In addition, the implementation of draft e-tax application payment system are expected to improve efficiency process of collection and remittance of WAPU VAT.

Herein, we describe the successful construction of composite DNA nanostructures by the self-assembly of complementary symmetrical 2,6,14-triptycenetripropiolic acid (TPA)–DNA building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX (Zn PpIX). DNA–organic molecule scaffolds for the composite DNA nanostructure were constructed through covalent conjugation of TPA with 5′-C12-amine-terminated modified single strand DNA (ssDNA) and its complementary strand. The repeated covalent conjugation of TPA with DNA was confirmed by using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). The biologically relevant photosensitizer Zn PpIX was used to direct the hybridization-mediated self-assembly of DNA–TPA molecular building blocks as well as a model guest molecule within the DNA–TPA supramolecular self-assembly. The formation of fiber-like composite DNA nanostructures was observed. Native PAGE, circular dichroism (CD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been utilized for analyzing the formation of DNA nanofibers after the coassembly. Computational methods were applied to discern the theoretical dimension of the DNA–TPA molecular building block of the nanofibers. A notable change in photocatalytic efficiency of Zn PpIX was observed when it was inside the TPA–DNA scaffold. The significant increase in ROS generation by Zn PpIX when trapped in this biocompatible DNA–TPA hybrid nanofiber may be an effective tool to explore photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications as well as photocatalytic reactions.

This research develops an integrated single-vendor single-buyer inventory model considering imperfect production process and investment to reduce lead time variance. In the model, we consider a system where the buyer’s lead time is uncertain and follows a normal distribution. Inspection process is performed by the buyer to classify the defective items in each lot delivered from the vendor. The defective items that were found by the buyer will be returned to the vendor at the next delivery. The shortages are allowed and assumed to be fully backordered. The objective function of the model is to minimize the expected joint total cost of the system by simultaneously determining the optimal shipment lot size, optimal safety factor, optimal target variance reduction of lead time and optimal number of shipments. Further, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model. Based on the results, we understand that by applying the investment policy to reduce lead time variance, the system may improve its service level at a lower cost. Thus, we conclude that the investment policy is proved to give better outcomes to the system.

Logistics distribution in the event of natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and floods, is an important matter that needs attention of both government and society. The distribution of logistics in many disaster-prone countries, including Indonesia, is poorly planned and managed. Therefore, various problems arise, such as low efficiency and effectiveness of delivery and poor cost-effective flow. This study developed location-allocation models for distribution and evacuation of refugees and logistics. The investigation was conducted by determining the characteristics of the disaster management system of volcanic eruption in Mount Merapi, Indonesia. The mathematical model was built and a set of solution procedure was proposed to solve the problem. The objective of the model is to minimize total costs of the system and determine the optimal solutions at the three alert-levels, which are alert phase, danger phase and post-disaster phase. The results were discussed and models were analyzed to give several managerial insights regarding the model’s optimal solution. Based on the results, the proposed models are proven to give more effective solutions at lower costs. The usage of each evacuation shelter can be utilized to its maximum level. Therefore, it allows minimum waste of capacity as well as costs related to evacuation and distribution.

In this study, we propose an inventory model consisting of a depot and a distributor with environmental and finite remanufacturing generations considerations. Investigation of the environmental effects is done by examining how carbon emissions and energy consumption for both transportation and production affect the model’s optimal solution. In the system, the depot fulfils demand at the distributor through ordering new products from outside supplier and remanufacturing used items that are returned from the market. We build the joint annual inventory cost function and find its minimum value by determining the optimal value of shipment lot size, number of shipments per year, and the number of remanufacturing generations. The results show that the proposed model gives benefit to the depot and the distributor, respectively. Optimizing the inventory related costs and the environmental costs actually provides less remanufacturing generations. In the other hand, higher amount of solid waste disposal and carbon emissions will be generated yet lower amount of energy is consumed. This study also showed that the joint total cost can be reduced by increasing the number of used items collected from the market.

Broadband spin-photon interfaces for the long-lived storage of photonic quantum states are key elements for quantum information technologies. Yet, the reliable operation of such memories in the quantum regime is challenging due to photonic noise arising from technical and/or fundamental limitations in the storage-and-recall processes controlled by strong electromagnetic fields. Here, we experimentally implement a single-photon-level spin-wave memory in a laser-cooled rubidium gas, based on the recently proposed Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) protocol. We demonstrate the storage of 20-ns-long laser pulses, each containing an average of 0.1 photons, for 200 ns with an efficiency of 12.5% and a signal-to-noise ratio above 30. Notably, the robustness of ATS spin-wave memory against motional dephasing allows for an all-spatial filtering of the control-field noise, yielding an ultralow unconditional noise probability of 3.3×10^{−4}, without the complexity of spectral filtering. These results highlight that broadband ATS memory in ultracold atoms is a preeminent option for storing quantum light.

Rationale: Being a vital organ of respiration, the human lungs are divided by fissures into lobes, which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another. This knowledge of fissures & lobes is of academic interest to all medical professionals. Not only that, considering the fact that malignant lung neoplasms are on the rise all over the world and also in India, this case series would also be particularly useful to cardiothoracic surgeons during surgical resection of individual lung segments. Objective: Keeping in mind the above clinical importance, a cadaveric study focussed on anatomical variations of fissures & lobes was done in 82 human cadaveric lungs, over a period of one year. Result: Among the right lung specimens examined, one lung showed absence of oblique fissure & 22 right lungs had no horizontal fissure. None of the right lung specimens showed any accessory fissure. Among the left lung specimens studied, incomplete oblique fissure was seen in 29 lungs & absence of oblique fissure in two lung specimens. Conclusion: Hence, awareness of anatomical variations of lungs with respect to its lobes & fissures is of great significance

Introduction: Many studies have been published about the correlation between asthma and obesity in males and females. Various epidemiological data showed that obesity precedes development of asthma and increases the prevalence and incidence of asthma, indicates the possibility of a causal association. Aim: To find out the correlation between body mass index and lung functions parameters in non-asthmatics, diagnosed by spirometric values in males and females. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from October, 2012 to March, 2013 in Physiology department, R.G.Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India on the spirometric data stored in our laboratory. About 590 test results were reviewed, among them only 424 test results of non asthmatics were analysed for our study. Results: Comparison of lung function parameters between male and female showed a significant difference. Lung function parameters like Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV), Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) rates, were significantly correlated with BMI among the obese subjects [FEV1(r=-0.531, p=0.009); FEF25-75% (r=-0.653, p=0.001); FEV1/FVC (r=-0.603, p=0.002)]. Significant association was found between BMI and lung function parameters in obese female but not in obese male. Conclusion: Association was found between indices of spirometry and BMI in non-asthmatic obese group along with a gender disparity.

The article focuses on the work of the (in)famous graffiti artist Banksy, as a way into discussing the wider artistic and textual aspects of graffiti-art. Banksy has famously declared that the wall is 'just as good a place to publish' – a statement that certainly invites a study of graffiti-art as a movement to appropriate both the wall and the surrounding cityscape as a space to situate the 'texts'. A graffiti-artist has to remain, to use Baudelaire's expression, incognito, and the implications of a necessarily anonymous artist on both the nature and ownership of the 'text' created have to be considered when examining graffiti art. The transient and ephemeral nature that Baudelaire attributes to modernity constitutes the very essence of graffiti. Indeed, graffiti-art is doubly ephemeral – because the authorities ‘buff’ (remove) it with depressing regularity, and because its roadside existence means that the viewers themselves are usually in motion relative to the artwork. Graffiti artists like Banksy, therefore exemplify sociological criticism of early cinema (Georg Simmel’s "Metropolis and Mental Life", for example.) and as such, should be an essential part of ‘urban studies’ of art and aesthetics.

Abstract This is the third reported case of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm presenting as intractable hiccups (IH). A previously healthy 29-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-week history of hiccups occurring >100 times per minute. Symptoms persisted despite numerous noninvasive therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiogram of the brain showed a left PICA aneurysm that was confirmed by catheter angiography. Symptoms resolved following suboccipital craniotomy and resection. Although rare, PICA aneurysm is a potentially curable cause of IH.

Introduction: There are so many complications involving eyes, kidneys, lungs and nerves associated with diabetes. But, pulmonary complications are poorly characterized among eastern Indian diabetic populations. Aims and Objectives: To assess pulmonary function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To find out correlation of the pulmonary functions test variables with Glycemic control. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 type 2 diabetes patient of age between 35-55 y and same number of age and sex matched apparently healthy control individual were included in the present study. All subjects were evaluated for PFT by flow sensitive spirometer (RMS HELIOS-401), the spirometric parameters were measured as a percentage of predicted and DLCO (by single breath technique). HBA1c of all cases were measured and they were grouped according to HBA1c level (Group-a =>7%, Group-b =6%-7%, Group-c =7% than the other groups. FEV1, FVC, DLCO, and DL/VA were negatively correlated with HbA1c where as FEV1/FVC has positive association with HbA1c. Conclusion: Significant deterioration of lung function and diffusing capacity was observed in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control.

Objective: To examine the frequency of proper use of inhalation devices and influence of age and training on it. Materials and Methods: One hundred and five subjects of bronchial asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); aged between 18 to 75 y (mean ± SD; 46 ± 28.55) were studied. Subjects were enrolled over a period of three months. Data like weight, height and concomitant medications were recorded. It was an observational and questionnaire based study. Parameters were chosen to demonstrate the inhalational technique, errors committed in different steps of use & nature of medical, paramedical, nursing personals and others imparting training for use of inhaler device and time devoted for it. Results: Of total 105 patients, 31 were using dry powdered inhalers (DPI), 50 on metered dose inhalers (MDI), and 24 on MDI with spacer devices. Among study population 83.81% were trained by healthcare professionals (doctors, nurse, pharmacists, paramedical or representatives of Pharmaceutical companies) and 16.19% are trained by general people. Among the MDI users (n=50) only 6%, 16.12% among the DPI users, 20.8%, among MDI with spacer users could use inhalers correctly. At 95% confidence limit there was significance of errors committed between DPI and MDI users (difference of SE is 2.56) and between spacer and MDI users (difference of SE 2.92). There was no difference found in regard of frequency of errors committed in taking different devices according to patient’s socioeconomic, educational background and trainer. Conclusion: It was concluded that use of MDI with spacer most convenient method. Doctors often did not have sufficient time to train patients regarding proper technique of inhaler use. With ever increasing and widespread use of inhalers patients’ education is becoming more important. Proper training will surely make these drugs more effective and cost benefit ratio more favourable.

Vertebral hemangioma is the most common spinal axis tumor. This rare presentation of a vertebral hemangioma extended contiguously from one cervical vertebra to another, encasing the vertebral artery, and thereby mimicking other tumors of the spine. We discuss the differential diagnosis of bridging vertebral masses.

The ubiquitous hyaladherin, hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR) upon stable overexpression in normal fibroblasts (F-HABP07) has been reported to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, growth retardation and apoptosis after 72 h of growth. HABP1 has been observed to accumulate in the mitochondria resulting in generation of excess Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), mitochondrial Ca(++) efflux and drop in mitochondrial membrane potential. In the present study, autophagic vacuolation was detected with monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining from 36 h to 60 h of culture period along with elevated level of ROS in F-HABP07 cells. Increased expression of autophagic markers like MAP-LC3-II, Beclin 1 and autophagic modulator, DRAM confirmed the occurrence of the phenomenon. Reduced vacuole formation was observed upon treatment with 3-MA, a known PI3 kinase inhibitor, only at 32 h and was ineffective if treated later, as high ROS level was already attained. Treatment of F111 and F-HABP07 cells with bafilomycin A1 further indicated an increase in autophagosome formation along with autophagic degradation in HABP1 overexpressed fibroblasts. Comparison between normal fibroblast (F111) and F-HABP07 cells indicate reduced level of polymeric HA, its depolymerization and perturbed HA-HABP1 interaction in F-HABP07. Interestingly, supplementation of polymeric HA, an endogenous ROS scavenger, in the culture medium prompted reduction in number of vacuoles in F-HABP07 along with drop in ROS level, implying that excess ROS generation triggers initiation of autophagic vacuole formation prior to apoptosis due to overexpression of HABP1. Thus, the phenomenon of autophagy takes place prior to apoptosis induction in the HABP1 overexpressing cell line, F-HABP07.

The human DNA repair enzyme AlkB homologue-2 (ALKBH2) repairs methyl adducts from genomic DNA and is overexpressed in several cancers. However, there are no known inhibitors available for this crucial DNA repair enzyme. The aim of this study was to examine whether the first-generation HIV protease inhibitors having strong anti-cancer activity can be repurposed as inhibitors of ALKBH2. We selected four such inhibitors and performed in vitro binding analysis against ALKBH2 based on alterations of its intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and differential scanning fluorimetry. The effect of these HIV protease inhibitors on the DNA repair activity of ALKBH2 was also evaluated. Interestingly, we observed that one of the inhibitors, ritonavir, could inhibit ALKBH2-mediated DNA repair significantly via competitive inhibition and sensitized cancer cells to alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). This work may provide new insights into the possibilities of utilizing HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir as a DNA repair antagonist., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A significant health risk arises from the bioaccumulation of harmful Cd (II) in drinking water. Here, we report the unique Cd (II) remediation from drinking water by using novel GO-ZnO-curcumin composite. The composites were tailored by varying the ratio of GO-ZnO and curcumin. The composites followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. ZnO nano-rods were more effective in Cd (II) than ZnO nano-disks. A maximum adsorption capacity of 4580 ± 40 mg/gm was achieved for 21G-B with a removal efficiency of 87.5% at neutral pH under optimized conditions. The removal process was governed by ion exchange and electrostatic attraction, followed by cation exchange capacity (CEC). The lattice parameter increase was detected after adsorption of Cd (II) ions. The regeneration and reusability of the composite was studied. Also, the effect of presence of dyes such as methylene blue on Cd (II) adsorption was noted. The latter had negligible effect on Cd (II) removal efficiency from water. The composite showed high antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 ± 0.75 µg/ml and 5 ± 1 µg/ml respectively due to the presence of zinc. Composite stability was confirmed through leaching and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The study establishes the nanocomposite as a potential material for remediation of hazardous Cd (II) ions from real water samples under neutral conditions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melanin pigment. While the excess production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation of human skin, hypopigmentation results in medical conditions like vitiligo. Tyrosinase inhibitors could be used as efficient skin whitening agents and tyrosinase agonists could be used for enhanced melanin synthesis and skin protection from UV exposure. Among a wide range of tyrosinase-regulating compounds, natural and synthetic derivatives of furochromenones, such as 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), are known to both activate and inhibit tyrosinase. We recently reported a synthetic approach to generate a variety of dihydrofuro[3,2-c]chromenones and furo[3,2-c]chromenones in a metal-free condition. In the present study, we investigated these compounds for their potential as antagonists or agonists of tyrosinase. Using fungal tyrosinase-based in vitro biochemical assay, we obtained one compound (3k) which could inhibit tyrosinase activity, and the other compound (4f) that stimulated tyrosinase activity. The kinetic studies revealed that compound 3k caused 'mixed' type tyrosinase inhibition and 4f stimulated the catalytic efficiency. Studying the mechanisms of these compounds may provide a basis for the development of new effective tyrosinase inhibitors or activators., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The human DNA repair enzyme AlkB homologue-2 (ALKBH2) repairs methyl adducts from genomic DNA. Overexpression of ALKBH2 has been implicated in both tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance in some cancers, including glioblastoma and renal cancer rendering it a potential therapeutic target and a diagnostic marker. However, no inhibitor is available against these important DNA repair proteins. Intending to repurpose a drug as an inhibitor of ALKBH2, we performed in silico evaluation of HIV protease inhibitors and identified Ritonavir as an ALKBH2-interacting molecule. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we elucidated the molecular details of Ritonavir-ALKBH2 interaction. The present work highlights that Ritonavir might be used to target the ALKBH2-mediated DNA alkylation repair., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new-onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the host immune system with respect to new-onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS-CoV-2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T (T REG ) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β-cell population by autoantigen-specific CD8 + T cells, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 infection may compromise self-tolerance by depleting T REG -cell numbers or diminishing T REG -cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self-duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA 1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new-onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β-cell mass as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can trigger new-onset T1D., (© 2022 the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.)

The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of tumor cells induces the dendritic cell to produce type-I IFNs. Classically, the presence of foreign DNA in host cells' cytoplasm during viral infection elicits cGAS-STING mediated type-I IFN signaling and cytokine production. It is likely that cytosolic DNA leads to senescence and immune surveillance in transformed cells during the early stages of carcinogenesis. However, multiple factors, such as loss of cell-cycle checkpoint, mitochondrial damage and chromosomal instability, can lead to persistent accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. That is why aberrant activation of the type I IFN pathway is frequently associated with highly aggressive tumors. Intriguingly, two powerful intracellular deoxyribonucleases, DNase2 and TREX1, can target the cytoplasmic DNA for degradation. Yet the tumor cells consistently accumulate cytoplasmic DNA. This review highlights recent work connecting the lack of DNase2 and TREX1 function to innate immune signaling. It also summarizes the possible mechanisms that limit the activity of DNase2 and TREX1 in tumor cells and contributes to chronic inflammation., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Herein, we report a novel and unexpected metal-free oxygenation of 2,3-diphenyl-1-indenones, under an oxygen atmosphere (air), to either 2,3-epoxy-2,3-diphenyl-1-indenone or 2-hydroxy-2,3-diphenyl-1-indanone, depending on the conditions. Several bioactive epoxy indenones and one-pot α-hydroxy indanones (α-acyloin) were synthesized from 2,3-diaryl dihydroindanone and 2,3-diarylindenone, respectively. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed, where oxygenation would take place at the α-position and further proton abstraction from the β-position leads to epoxy indenone derivatives. A one-pot cis -hydroxy indanone protocol is also achieved directly from biaryl indenone via reduction, epimerization, and oxygenation. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against the DNA repair protein AlkB. Among the screened (17 tested) compounds, one epoxide derivative was found to be a specific inhibitor of AlkB enzyme function.