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Background: The high prevalence of insomnia in children and its adverse consequences on children and their family indicate that investigation about treatment of insomnia is necessary. Objectives: This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy program for insomnia, named the KiSS program (Kinder mit Schafstörungen Programm) and reflexotherapy on insomnia in children. Methods: The method of the present research was quasi-experimental in which a pretest, posttest and follow-up design was used in two experimental and two control groups. In order to perform this study among children of 8 to 10 years with insomnia referring to Medical & Psychology Clinic of Shokoufeh in, Tehran, Iran, within July to October 2021, 80 children were selected through the convenience sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assigned randomly into two experimental and two control groups. The Personal Information Questionnaire, Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Child Symptoms Inventory-4 (CSI-4) were used to collect data. In the experimental groups, the KiSS program and reflexotherapy were performed. In the control groups, the interventions of watching cartoon in group and watching cartoon individually were performed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using descriptive statistical indicators including mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics indicators, including mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the KiSS program reduced mean scores of insomnia in the posttest stage significantly compared to the first control group and the changes in the follow-up stage remained stable. The mean scores of insomnia in reflexotherapy group also decreased significantly in the posttest stage than second control group. However, the effectiveness of the reflexotherapy intervention is temporary, and after two-months follow-up, the insomnia reappear in children. Conclusions: Both the KiSS program and reflexotherapy can be used as uncomplicated and safe nondrug intervention to improve insomnia in children of 8-10 years. Nevertheless, the KiSS program showed more promising results.

And background data Haemophilia has known as an inherited bleeding disorder accompanied by remarkable pain, emotional distress, and impaired quality of life (QoL) and emotional regulation. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), have cost-effectiveness to promote emotional well-being, QoL and emotional regulation; however, they have been scarcely used in the treatment of haemophilia. Objectives of the study This research aimed at examining the effect of CBT on emotional regulation and QoL in children with haemophilia using quasi-experimental research with pretest and post-test design and a control group. Method 30 subjects were selected using convenient sampling and divided into two groups (n = 15). Both groups responded to the QoL questionnaire, the Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) developed and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k) in the pretest. The experimental group was then subjected to the CBT intervention through 9 sessions. The analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. Results There was a significant increase in the QoL and emotion regulation in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion The CBT training was effective to stop negative thinking and control their anger at school and also to adopt more appropriate strategies to deal efficaciously with concerns in social situations. Awareness about the thoughts, feelings and behaviours and being able to solve problems enables children to have better social relations and friendships with peers and also in other social situations. It also can increase the QoL and emotion regulation.

Background: Benson’s relaxation (BR) technique is a suitable non-pharmacological approach to reduce preoperative anxiety (PA). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of BR therapy on PA and the induction and maintenance dose of propofol during cataract surgery (CS). Methods: Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into two experiments or BR and control groups. The Amsterdam and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety inventory (STAI) scores were used to assess PA directly two days and a half-hour before the CS. The control group did not receive any preoperation intervention or relaxation. Benson’s relaxation method was performed three times, each time for 20 minutes, including two days before surgery, a night before surgery, and an hour before the surgery in the presence of a researcher by an audio file. The induction and maintenance dose of anesthetic drug was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean propofol consumption was significantly reduced during the induction of anesthesia in the intervention group compared to the control group (0.99 ± 0.29 versus 1.29 ± 0.49; P = 0.005) as well as the maintenance of anesthesia (84.66 ± 17.98 versus 108.33 ± 34.38, P = 0.001). The results of the post-intervention Amsterdam anxiety score showed a significant decrease in the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.032, F = 9.61, Eta2 = 0.12). The control group showed a higher Spielberger state score compared to the intervention group as well as the Spielberger trait (P < 0.001, F = 14.78, Eta2 = 0.18). Conclusions: The BR method effectively reduces the level of PA in patients undergoing CS. Moreover, it reduces the need for anesthetic drug, propofol, during surgery.

Introduction: Childbirth is considered as the most significant event of a women’s life and a transitional time, a potentially stressful one during which a woman needs to face both the new maternal role and changes in her body. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the three indicators of quality of life, lifestyle and happiness of Iranian mothers experiencing their first childbirth at different ages.Methods: Statistical population of this study were all women with first delivery in four age groups: below 20 years, between 20 and 30 years, 30 to 40 years and above 40 years that were selected from Arash, Saarem and Mahdieh Tehran hospitals. Four questionnaires: i) demographic questionnaire, ii) the oxford happiness inventory (OHI), iii) miller lifestyle questionnaire, iv) quality of life questionnaire were used to collect the data. Spss software and ANOVA test was used to analysis the data.Results: There is a significant difference between the happiness of women in four groups (F (3,116) = 11.014, P < 0.01). The happiness of women with age under 20 was lower than women in other age groups. A distinct difference is available between four age group for lifestyle scores, as calculated F was meaningful (F (3,115) = 19.654, P < 0.01). The average lifestyle for women under 20 years is higher than other age. A significant difference between the quality of life of women in four groups. Since calculated F (F (3,116) = 17.050, P < 0.01). The average quality of life for under 20 years was lower than those of three other group.Conclusions: The happiness and satisfaction of life of each individual is directly in relation with people’s attitudes to life. Having children at a younger age may have influenced women in terms of education, employment opportunities, income and wealth in the short term and the long term. Therefore, young mother would experience more poor state and less happiness which is also confirmed by obtained data in this study.