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There is a continuous deficiency of specialized medical staff and nurses in the country. The specialized staff needs special care and attention to maintain them in their job. The job also needs continuous leadership support to keep medical staff satisfied. For said purpose the work environment is also very critical. To keep in view the aforementioned context, this research conceptualize servant leadership, environment freedom, and employee satisfaction in conceptual model. The servant leadership includes empowerment and commitment to growth. The research follow the cross-sectional research design. The research is carried in Pakistan, Punjab province as the hospital of three major cities are selected i.e., Gujrat, Gujranwala, and Lahore for data collection. The total sample is 370 medical staff and nurses to test the proposed conceptual model. The data analysis is carried with smart_PLS. The results show the direct significant relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction and commitment to growth and job satisfaction. There is also direct significant relationship between empowerment and environment freedom and commitment to growth and environment freedom. The results also show significant indirect relationship betweenempowerment and job satisfaction and commitment to growth and job satisfaction. This finding proves the mediating role of environment freedom between empowerment and job satisfaction and commitment to growth and job satisfaction. Findings of this result suggest that constructive and encouraging organizational leadership change work Atifa Ashraf, Sheraz Anjum, Muhammad Obaid Aslam, Dr. Muhammad Ahmad, Dr. Syed Badar ul Husnain Rizvi 1839 practice and helps to boost the satisfaction of medical staff and nurses working in Pakistan. Servant leadership nurture le working, bringing about more noteworthy staff job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of brands in the present era has grown up. The business environment has turn into brands war. The brands are striving for proficient services to customers. The customer services are possible with competent and skillful workforce. This research highlights the brand equity based on employees. The objective of this study is to analyze thefactors that contribute in the development of employee based equity and its outcomes. The antecedents are brand endorsement, brand loyalty, brand image, andbrand consistent behavior. The outcome of employee based brand equity is employee loyalty. The study is conducted in the food sector of Pakistan. The data is based on perception of employees regarding the antecedents and outcomes of employee based equity. Total 325employees of food sector in five major cities i.e., Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Islamabad, and Lahore. This research is based on hypotheses that brand endorsement, brand loyalty, brand image, and brand consistent behavior have positive impact on employee loyalty. The statistical analysis show that all hypotheses are accepted and significant contribution in the results. The findings also confirm that employee based brand equity is the separate thing based on its on variables and perceptions. The finds have implications for marketing and human resource managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soft errors in network‐on‐chip (NoC) such as single bit upsets and multibit upsets cause hazardous effects such as congestion, deadlock, livelock, and corruption of data. Error‐correcting codes (ECCs) are the best choices to handle these soft errors in links and memory buffers of NoC, which is the need of all modern systems, including internet of thing (IoT) edge devices. Many of these ECCs cannot correct both random and burst errors. Specific codes possess the correction and detection capability at the cost of an increase in area, latency, and energy. In this article, a coding technique is proposed by using a single error correction double error detection‐triple adjacent error correction‐six adjacent error detection (SEC‐DED‐TAEC‐6AED) (24,16) I5, that provides both random and burst error fault tolerance for NoC. The proposed technique decreases the area, energy, and latency cost of the whole NoC. It also reduces the area overhead to 173.41% and 117.91% compare to joint crosstalk avoidance multiple error correction (JCAMEC) and joint crosstalk multiple error correction (JMEC), respectively. Besides, the delay overhead of the proposed technique reduces to 4.2% and 91.97% compared with JCAMEC and JMEC, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed code possesses an enhanced ability of error correction and detection with 3.5 times less redundant bits and a 30% fast code rate compared with JMEC and JCAMEC. Hence, the proposed scheme can effectively be used for detecting and correcting single and multiple bit errors for on‐chip communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Polymorphisms in coagulation genes have been associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. Here we pursue an a priori hypothesis that genetic variation in the endothelial-based receptors of the thrombomodulin−protein C system (THBD and PROCR) may similarly be associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. We explored this hypothesis utilizing a multi-stage design of discovery and replication. Methods: Discovery was performed in the Genetics-of-Early-Onset Stroke (GEOS) Study, a biracial population-based case-control study of ischemic stroke among men and women aged 15–49 including 829 cases of first ischemic stroke (42.2% African-American) and 850 age-comparable stroke-free controls (38.1% African-American). Twenty-four single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) in THBD and 22 SNPs in PROCR were evaluated. Following LD pruning (r2≥0.8), we advanced uncorrelated SNPs forward for association analyses. Associated SNPs were evaluated for replication in an early-onset ischemic stroke population (onset-age<60 years) consisting of 3676 cases and 21118 non-stroke controls from 6 case–control studies. Lastly, we determined if the replicated SNPs also associated with older-onset ischemic stroke in the METASTROKE data-base. Results: Among GEOS Caucasians, PROCR rs9574, which was in strong LD with 8 other SNPs, and one additional independent SNP rs2069951, were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (rs9574, OR = 1.33, p = 0.003; rs2069951, OR = 1.80, p = 0.006) using an additive-model adjusting for age, gender and population-structure. Adjusting for risk factors did not change the associations; however, associations were strengthened among those without risk factors. PROCR rs9574 also associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in the replication sample (OR = 1.08, p = 0.015), but not older-onset stroke. There were no PROCR associations in African-Americans, nor were there any THBD associations in either ethnicity. Conclusion: PROCR polymorphisms are associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in Caucasians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network‐on‐chip (NoC) is a reliable and scalable communication paradigm deemed as an alternative to classic bus systems in modern systems‐on‐chip designs. Consequently, one can observe extensive multidimensional research related to the design and implementation of NoC‐based systems. A basic requirement for most of these activities is the availability of NoC simulators that enable the study and comparison of different technologies. This study targets the analysis of different NoC simulators and highlights its contributions towards NoC research. Various NoC tools such as NoCTweak, Noxim, Nirgam, Nostrum, BookSim, WormSim, NOCMAP and ORION are evaluated and their strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. The comparative analysis includes methods for estimation of latency, throughput and energy consumption. Further, the exemplary real world application, video object plane decoder is mapped on a 2D mesh NoC using different mapping algorithms under NOCMAP and NoCTweak simulators for comparative analysis of the NoC simulators and their embedded mapping algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed heterogeneous computing environment comprises of diverse set of interconnected resources that are capable of performing computationally complex tasks efficiently. In order to exploit the high performance of such a system, the task scheduling problem demands for the efficient mapping of the tasks. Because of its fundamental importance, the problem has been studied extensively and several algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we propose two novel approaches for the task scheduling problem and compare the proposed work on the basis of randomly generated task graphs with the well-known existing algorithms. The simulation results elucidate on the basis of different cost and performance metrics that for most of the scenarios, the proposed approaches outperform the existing ones considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a novel, more efficient method to encrypt an image in the Fresnelet domain is proposed. The uniqueness of the presented algorithm depends on the Fresnelet transform based image decomposition in conjunction with an algebraically synthesized substitution box. The high- nonlinearity induced by the eccentrically designed S-box boosts the security of proposed scheme. In this two-steps encryption algorithm, firstly, we apply the Fresnelet transform to propagate information with desired wavelength at a specified distance. This results in the decomposition of the secret image data into four complex subbands. These complex sub-bands are further partitioned into real subband data and imaginary subband data. At second step, the net subband data, produced at the first level, is diffused by a unique iterative substitution approach based on the algebraic structure of Galois field F 2 8 . In the diffusion process, the permuted image is substituted via algebraic substitution algorithm. We prove through significant analysis techniques that the proposed scheme offers a highly elevated security level in encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]