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Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; Karabay, Oguz/0000-0003-0502-432X WOS: 000364114800009 Background: Anti-HCV test is currently used in the diagnosis of hepatitis C, while hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) is used in the determination of viral load. Recently developed hepatitis C virus core antigen (HCV Ag) test is also used in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to compare HCV Ag and quantitative HCV RNA in terms of sensitivity and specificity as well as pharmacoeconomic footprint. Patients and methods: Sixty patients with positive anti-HCV were enrolled to this study. Quantitative HCV RNA was studied by ready commercial kits (Qiagen, lower limit of

Background: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. Although it is widely accepted that the etiology of breast cancer includes both genetic and environmental factors, the molecular mechanism of its development and progression remains poorly understood, and thus far, no specific signature of breast cancer gene expression has been reported to allow for patient‑tailored therapy strategies. Hence, it is of great clinical value to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of breast cancer and to identify effective early markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease as well as novel therapeutic targets.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 90 paraffin‑embedded breast tumor samples. Immunohistochemical stains for astrocyte elevated gene‑1 (AEG‑1), basic‑fibroblast growth factor (b‑FGF), beta‑catenin, Ki‑67, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) were performed on tissue microarray using standard procedures. Each patient age, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‑2) status, size, lymphovascular invasion, metastasis of lymph node (LNM), nipple and ductal hyperplasia areas were assessed.Results: We observed significant relationship between the age and LNM or FGF (P = 0.018, 0.035, respectively). The relationship between histological and nuclear grade, LNM, ER, PR, HER‑2 and prognostic parameters was evaluated in cases of ductal carcinomas (DC). There was a significant positive correlation between TNF‑α, size, LNM (P ≤ 0.0001, 0.002, 0.005). We found that significant relationship between AEG‑1 and TNF‑α. There was a significant positive correlation between FGF and Ki‑67 and negative correlation AEG‑1. Although, FGF, TNF‑α, AEG‑1 staining in DC were observed higher than ductal intraepithelial neoplasms, this observation could not statistically (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusions: The present work aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of AEG‑1, b‑FGF, beta‑catenin, Ki‑67, TNF‑α other prognostic parameters in DC and ductal intraepithelial neoplasm. We found a relationship between these factors.Key words: Astrocyte elevated gene‑1, beta‑catenin, basic‑fibroblast growth factor, ductal carcinomas, prognostic parameters, tumor necrosis factor‑α

Objective: Psychiatric symptom screening tests for patients who suffer from imbalance and dizziness are generally used in majority of clinics. Symptom checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90R) is one of these tests. The aims of this study are to analyze the Turkish version of SCL-90R, compare to its short version and investigate whether if it is possible to create a short version or not. Material and Method: The sample of this study consisted of 2100 patients who admitted to tertiary care neurotology department for imbalance and dizziness. Three different SCL-90R versions as the original, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Brief Symptom checklist-18 (BSI-18) were retrospectively studied. These three tests were evaluated with regards to global severity index, totalpositive symptoms and positive symptom index. The correlation between results were compared by Pearson correlation test. Structural integrity studies were also conducted with using raw data of SCL-90R. Results: There were strong correlations among the three questionnaires. While the structural distribution of questions are consisted of 10 factors in the standard form (SCL-90), the short form (containing 49 questions) which was created from our results was found to have different structural distribution. Moreover the distribution of questions were quite different than the actual structure and the questions from different factors were grouped under different factors. The short form, which was created from our results, showed similar properties with the BSI. The internal consistency reliability test showed significance for 9 of them. Eventually, we created a short form consisting of 9 factors and 49 questions. In this state, it shows similar features with BSI and contains a similar number of questions. Conclusion: Due to the difference in structural analysis, the results obtained by the sub-scales of the questionnaires should be evaluated very carefully. We think the short form we created can be used easily since the general values resulted from it are comparable to the the original questionnaire.

11th European Congress on Epileptology -- JUN 29-JUL 03, 2014 -- Stockholm, SWEDEN Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; Ankarali, Seyit/0000-0003-3752-0846 WOS: 000337979300577 …

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of Turkish Version of the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) in psychiatric out-patient population as a measure of severity of the night eating syn-drome (NES). Methods: We examined the factor structure, internal consistency and validity of the NEQ in Turkish. First, we translated NEQ into Turkish and than back-translation into English; correction and semantic adaptation and assessment of the understanding of the questionnaire. We made the diagnosis of NES according to psychiatric examination. We administered the NEQ in 433 patients and the re-test in 141 participants two weeks later. Result: The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistency with an overall Cronbach ? of 0.69. Intraclass correlation for the test re-test total score was 0.96. The ninety seven patients had NES with psychiatric examination. The area under ROC curve defined as 0,904. For cutt-of point of 18 in NEQ both sensitivity and spesificity were as 90.7% and 73.8%. The confirmatory factor analysis of the NEQ yielded a similar four factor solution as the original scale. Conclusions: We found that Turkish version of NEQ is valid and has good diagnostical performance, and high internal consistency.

Objective: The exposure to negative acts at work is one of the main issues highlighted adverse health effects within the scope of work life's psychosocial dimension. Mobbing is defined as both the most common one among the causes of stress being at work, and also more devastating and damaging than the other stressors of the work. The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of the Turkish version of the Negative Act Questionnaire (NAQ-TR). Methods: The questionnaire was first translated into Turkish and then back translated into English and the equivalence of both versions was determined. An expert group analyzed the formulation of the translated items and they redrafted some of them according to agreedon criteria. Subsequently, it was administered to 456 workers from 11 different workplaces. The factor structure and internal consistency of the NAQ-TR was examined. Result: The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistency with an overall Cronbach ? of 0.912. The factor analysis, as opposed to the original scale, yielded four factor solution (Personal bullying and isolation, Work-related bullying, destabilization and excessive workload). We found that NAQ-TR has high internal consistency. Conclusions: The Turkish version of NAQ was found to be reliable for mobbing in workplace. It can be used in epidemylogic trials.

Background: Maternal milk plays an important role in the development of late-onset breast milk jaundice (BMJ), possibly due to the unique characteristics of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between cytokine concentrations in the milk of nursing mothers and BMJ. Methods: Breast milk samples were collected from breast-feeding mothers of healthy full-term neonates, 40 with BMJ and 40 without jaundice. Milk samples were taken between the second and the fourth postpartum week. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-a were measured by flow cytometric bead array. Results: There were significant differences between the study groups in terms of IL-1 ß concentrations (P = 0.013). Not statistically significant but similar trends were also seen for IL-10 (P = 0.067) and tumor necrosis factor-? (P = 0.053) concentrations. However, no significant differences were noted in IL-6 (P = 0.174) and IL-8 (P = 0.285) concentrations. Conclusions: IL-1 ß concentration seems to be increased in milk of mothers whose infants had BMJ. Although the effect of these cytokines on BMJ is unknown, it may cause prolonged jaundice via hepatic uptake, hepatic excretion, conjugation and intestinal absorption. © 2012 The Authors.

Objective: To evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical markers of bone turnover in non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients. Material and Methods: We compared 18-65 years old non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy controls for BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and the left hip using DXA. Results: There were 31 hepatitis B patients (19 males, 12 females) and 72 healthy controls (56 males, 16 females) in the study. Their mean age was 37.4 ± 10.0 years in the study group and 38.5 ± 7.1 years in the controls. There were no differences between the two groups for the mean BMD levels and T scores. However, left hip BMD and T scores were significantly lower in male patients with chronic hepatitis B infection when compared to males in the control group. Serum calcium, phosphate, osteocalcine, intact parathyroid hormone, deoxypyridinoline and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: In our study, left hip BMD and T scores were found to be significantly lower in the male patients with chronic hepatitis B infection when compared to males in the control group, however a significant difference was not detected when all cases were compared with the control group. Therefore, we suppose that further studies on a larger population are needed in this issue. © 2012 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

WOS: 000304191900007, PubMed: 22004346, Behcets disease, a systemic vasculitis, can cause varying degrees of activity limitation, fatigue and quality of life impairment. To date, there have been no studies regarding sleep disturbance and its relationship with fatigue and life quality in Behcets disease. We aimed to evaluate sleep disorders and polysomnographic parameters, and to determine their relationship with fatigue and quality of life in Behcets disease. Fifty-one patients with Behcets disease without any neurological involvement were interviewed regarding sleep disorders. Twenty-one subjects with no sleep complaints were included as the control group. Sleep-related complaints were evaluated in a face-to-face interview. Sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, anxiety, disease activity/severity, and quality of life questionnaires and an overnight polysomnography were performed. Prevalences of restless legs syndrome (35.3%) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with/without other sleep disorders (32.5%) were higher than in the control group and the general population. Fatigue was higher in patients with restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and in those with lower minimum oxygen saturation; hence, only patients with restless legs syndrome had quality of life impairment. Sleep efficiency index and sleep continuity index were lower, and wake after sleep onset, respiratory disturbance index and apneahypopnea index were higher than in controls (P < 0.01). Neither sleep disorders nor polysomnographic parameters were related to disease activity and severity. In conclusion, it is important to question sleep disorder followed by a polysomnography, if necessary, in order to improve quality of life and fatigue in Behcets disease.

Objective: Referral of sexually abused children and adolescents to the Forensic Medicine Council showed that sexual abuse of children and adolescents is prevalent in Turkey. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the characteristics of sexual offenders against children and adolescents in Turkey. This study examined the sociocultural features of sexual offenders against children and adolescents from Western Black Sea, Mediterranean, Marmara and East Anatolia regions of Turkey. Methods: The sex offenders against children and adolescents referred for forensic psychiatric examination to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinics of University of Zonguldak Karaelmas Hospital, Elazig Mental Health Hospital, Adana Ekrem Tok Mental Health Hospital, Bursa Dörtçelik Childrens' Hospital were recruited for the study. Data for sex offenders were obtained from the medical and legal documents of children and adolescents. The sex offenders were assessed for demographic and legal characteristics: age, gender, marital status, education level, substance and alcohol use history and use of child pornography/ computer. Results: All of the sexual offenders against children and adolescents were male. In most of the cases the child knows the offender (e.g. neighbor, relative, family friend, or local individual with authority). Females were the most commonly abused, with the percentage of abused females increasing with age. In addition, most of the sex offenders was not married and had low level of education, substance and alcohol use history. Conclusion: Most of the sex offenders against children and adolescents were male and not married. They had high rates of substance use history, low level of education. Further research is needed to better identify clinically significant differences among the different types of sex offenders against children and adolescents in Turkey.

Objective: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have been reported to cause metabolic dysregulation that may result in AAPs-related weight gain. The purpose of this study was to assess triglyceride, cholesterol and weight changes among risperidone-treated child and youths. Methods: Eighty subjects treated with risperidone for any psychiatric disturbances were included in the study. Fasting total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured at baseline and at 12 months of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between baseline mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C and twelfth months mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C (respectively p=0.341, p=0.135, p=0.414, p=0.411, p=0.707). Comparison of baseline and 12 months data with respect to the age groups were presented in table 2. There was no significant association with age, gender, risperidone dose and changes of serum T G, TC, LDL-C or HDL-C levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study did not identify significant associations between dyslipidemia and one year risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. Because little long-term lipid profile follow-up is available with atypical antipsychotics treatment in youths, controlled studies in larger samples should be carried out to reveal the frequency and the risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Objective: The influence of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) was experimentally investigated on calvarial defects in rats. Material and Methods: Fourteen Wistar-albino rats equally divided into two groups, control group (G1) and drug group (G2), were included in the study. In G1, only right frontal craniectomy was performed. In G2, 0.5ml ABS was topically applied with a syringe after craniectomy. Surface areas of the defects were measured after four weeks, and comparative reconstruction images with were obtained, computed tomography (CT) as well. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and tissue samples were harvested for histologic examination. Results: Mean defect area in G1 (7.20 ± 2.62 mm2) was significantly larger than that in G2 (1.83 ± 1.65 mm2) (p< 0.001). Mean PT, INR and aPTT values were not different between the two groups (p> 0.05). Three dimensional (3D) CT analysis and histological examination revealed prominent osteogenesis in G2. Conclusion: We observed that surface area of the calvarial defects decreased significantly after ABS administration, and this observation was confirmed by 3D CT analysis and histology. Thus, ABS seems to have a potential of bone promoting effect; however, precise mechanisms underlying this osteogenetic activity still remain unexplained. © 2011 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

Objectives: To write a new macro programme for the use of the non-parametric 3-D Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surface method in the discrimination of three or more groups, to study the usefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) frequency in the diagnosis of Alzheimer type dementia (AD), non-Alzheimer type dementia (NAD) and healthy subjects, and to determine cut-off values of EEG frequency. Patients and Methods: The mean EEG frequencies in the left fontal region EEG records of subjects in the present study were calculated and the ROC surface method was used in discrimination of the groups. Results: The volume under the ROC surface was calculated as 0.464±0.150. Accuracy of the mean frequency in differentiation of groups was statistically significant (p=0.024). 8 Hz was found to be convenient for differentiation of AD from NAD patients and 10 Hz for the differentiation of NAD patients and healthy subjects. The sensitivity was 87.5% for Alzheimer's dementia diagnosis and total accuracy was 65% using this cut-off pair. Conclusion: We suggest that the mean EEG frequency may be used only as a pre-diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of these groups. © Medical Journal of Trakya University. Published by Ekin Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.

Objective: In many clinical and experimental trials, researchers assess the effect of treatment by measuring the value of a continuous variable before and after the treatment. If there is an imbalance in baseline values between groups, some statistical comparisons may result with mistakes in estimation of the treatment effect. The aim of this study was to explain which statistical methods were more suitable in the estimation of the treatment effect when there was an imbalance for the baseline values between groups. Material and Methods: Different statistical methods, which are used in estimation of treatment effects, were briefly explained and were applied to a hypothetical data set, which had significant differences between groups according to baseline values of the related variable. In addition, a limited simulation study for several conditions was carried out to determine suitable statistical methods. Results: Baseline values were different between two groups and correlation was low between baseline and follow up values of related variable in each group for hypothetical data set. In this condition, comparison of simple differences between baseline and follow up values was the best method for the estimation of treatment effect. In the simulation study, the power of the test for simple differences was higher (85%) than the value in the analysis of covariance (40%) when correlations were low and sample sizes were small in each group. Moreover, the powers of these two tests were high and similar to each other, when sample sizes were moderate. When the correlation was high, the powers of both tests were high in both small and moderate sample sizes. Conclusion: The presence of a significant difference should be sought between groups according to baseline values of the related variable even though groups are randomly assigned. In addition, the degree of the correlation between baseline and follow up values should be taken into consideration. When significant differences exist between baseline values and the correlation is low, we suggest that the classical methods should be used to determine the significance of the effect; however, when the correlation is high, covariance analysis is a suitable method. Copyright © 2009 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

[No abstract available]

Objective: We investigated the effects of different intensities of sinusoidal magnetic fields of daily life exposures on the peripheral nerve regeneration daily life exposure. The effects of magnetic field (50 Hz frequency and 1, 2, 3 mT intensities) treatment on sciatic nerve regeneration were studied in a model of crush injury of the sciatic nerve of rats. Material and Methods: Prior to crush injury, compound muscle action potentials were recorded for all rats. Then, the sciatic nerve was compressed for 15 sec with a jewelers forceps (no: 5). One rat group was kept as control and the remaining were assigned as 1, 2 and 3 mT magnetic field treatment groups. The magnetic fields 1, 2 and 3 mT were applied to 30 rats for 4 hours per day for a week using Helmholtz coil systems. The control group was included in the system for 4 hours per day for a week while the system was turned off. Results: In terms of nerve regeneration, 3- and 7-days treatments of different magnetic field intensities had no statistically significant effect on amplitude and conduction velocity of correspound muscle action potential. Conclusions: The intensities and frequency of magnetic fields used in this study had no effect on conduction and excitability of nerves and consequently did not influence the nerve regeneration. We could not prove a neuroprotective effect of magnetic field in rat crush injury model using electrophysiological method. Copyright © 2008 by Türkiye Klinikleri.