234 results on '"Ann Harrison"'
Search Results
2. Validating the Implementation Leadership Scale in Chinese nursing context: A cross‐sectional study
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Jiale Hu, Wendy Gifford, Hong Ruan, Denise Harrison, Qingge Li, Mark G. Ehrhart, Mary‐Ann Harrison, Nick Barrowman, and Gregory A. Aarons
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China ,evidence‐based practice ,health services research ,leadership ,nursing ,psychometrics ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Aim This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and acceptability of the Implementation Leadership Scale in the Chinese nursing context. Design This study utilized a cross‐sectional design. Methods This study was conducted in one general tertiary hospital with 234 nurses (85.3% response rate) from 35 clinical units in China. Content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, reliability (internal consistency), agreement indices and acceptability were evaluated. The data collection was from December 1st, 2017 to June 30th, 2018. Results Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit to the four‐factor implementation leadership model. The psychometric testing also indicated good convergent validity, high internal consistency and acceptable aggregation. Most participants completed the scale in two minutes or less and agreed or strongly agreed that the questions were relevant to implementation leadership, clear and easy to answer. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the Chinese Implementation Leadership Scale is a valid, reliable and pragmatic tool for measuring strategic leadership for implementing evidence‐based practices.
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- 2021
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3. The Present and Future of Music Law
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Ann Harrison, Tony Rigg, Ann Harrison, Tony Rigg
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- 2021
4. Internally displaced people: a global survey
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Ann Harrison Avery
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Full Text
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5. Influence of timing of initiation of therapeutic hypothermia on brain MRI and neurodevelopment at 18 months in infants with HIE: a retrospective cohort study
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Brigitte Lemyre, Mireille Guillot, Marissa Philippe, Elka Miller, Jorge Davila, Nicholas James Barrowman, Mary-Ann Harrison, Nadya Ben Fadel, and Stephanie Redpath
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Objective To examine the influence of timing of initiation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on brain injury on MRI and on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Ontario, Canada.Patients Ninety-one patients with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) were included, 54 in the early TH group and 37 in the late TH group.Intervention Whole-body hypothermia administered for 72 hours, initiated either before 3 hours of life (early TH) or between 3 and 6 hours of life (late TH).Main outcome measures Brain injury on MRI after TH (assessed by two neuroradiologists), and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months old.Results TH was initiated at a median time of 1.4 hours (early TH) and 4.4 hours (late TH). Sixty-four neonates (early TH=36, late TH=28) survived and completed neurodevelopmental assessment at 18 months. Neonates in the early TH group received more extensive resuscitation than neonates in the late TH group (p=0.0008). No difference was observed between the two groups in the pattern or severity of brain injury on MRI, or in the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months. The non-survivors (n=16) had lower Apgar scores at 10 min, more extensive resuscitation, suffered from more severe HIE and had significantly more abnormal cerebral function monitoring.Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study, TH initiated early was associated neither with a difference in brain injury on MRI nor better neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months.
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- 2019
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6. Further variation of the adulticide protocol for the treatment of canine heartworm infection: can it be even shorter and cost less?
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Karen Ann Ward, Linda Susan Jacobson, Aveline Baldasan Lacaden, and Kelly Ann Harrison
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Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology - Abstract
Background This retrospective study evaluated modified three-dose melarsomine treatment protocols in a shelter setting and compared them to the American Heartworm Society (AHS)-recommended protocol. Methods As compared with the AHS protocol, the shelter protocols utilized doxycycline 10 mg/kg once daily (SID) or twice daily (BID), and varied the time from initiation of doxycycline (day 1) to the first melarsomine injection (M1). Dogs were retrospectively grouped based on the shelter’s current protocol (M1 on day 14; Group A) and the AHS protocol (M1 on day 60; Group C), allowing a week on either side of the target M1 day. Treatments that fell outside these ranges formed two additional treatment groups (Groups B and D). Respiratory complications were defined as respiratory signs requiring additional treatment, and were statistically compared for Groups A and C. New respiratory signs and gastrointestinal (GI) signs were compared between dogs receiving SID or BID doxycycline. Results One hundred fifty-seven dogs with asymptomatic or mild heartworm disease at presentation were included. All dogs survived to discharge. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A (n = 79) and C (n = 27) for new respiratory signs post-melarsomine (P = 0.73). The time to M1 for 14 dogs that developed new respiratory signs was a median of 19 days, compared with 22 days for 143 dogs without new respiratory signs (P = 0.2). Respiratory complications post-melarsomine were uncommon. New respiratory signs post-melarsomine occurred in 10/109 (9.2%) dogs receiving SID doxycycline and 4/48 (8.3%) dogs receiving BID doxycycline (P > 0.999). GI signs prior to M1 were recorded for 40/109 (36.7%) dogs receiving SID doxycycline and 25/48 (52.1%) receiving BID doxycycline (P = 0.08). Forty-four follow-up antigen test results were available; all tests performed > 3 months after the third melarsomine injection were negative. Conclusions This study provided support for initiating melarsomine after 14 days of doxycycline and for a lower doxycycline dose. Shorter and less expensive treatment protocols can increase lifesaving capacity and improve quality of life for shelter dogs by reducing the duration of exercise restriction and length of stay. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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7. Validating the Implementation Leadership Scale in Chinese nursing context: A cross‐sectional study
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Mary-Ann Harrison, Jiale Hu, Qingge Li, Mark G. Ehrhart, Denise Harrison, Hong Ruan, Nick Barrowman, Gregory A. Aarons, and Wendy Gifford
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leadership ,psychometrics ,China ,Data collection ,Psychometrics ,Leadership Scale ,evidence‐based practice ,RT1-120 ,Reproducibility of Results ,Context (language use) ,health services research ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Convergent validity ,Nursing ,Strategic leadership ,nursing ,Scale (social sciences) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Content validity ,Humans ,Psychology ,General Nursing ,Research Articles ,Research Article - Abstract
Author(s): Hu, Jiale; Gifford, Wendy; Ruan, Hong; Harrison, Denise; Li, Qingge; Ehrhart, Mark G; Harrison, Mary-Ann; Barrowman, Nick; Aarons, Gregory A | Abstract: AimThis study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and acceptability of the Implementation Leadership Scale in the Chinese nursing context.DesignThis study utilized a cross-sectional design.MethodsThis study was conducted in one general tertiary hospital with 234 nurses (85.3% response rate) from 35 clinical units in China. Content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, reliability (internal consistency), agreement indices and acceptability were evaluated. The data collection was from December 1st, 2017 to June 30th, 2018.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit to the four-factor implementation leadership model. The psychometric testing also indicated good convergent validity, high internal consistency and acceptable aggregation. Most participants completed the scale in two minutes or less and agreed or strongly agreed that the questions were relevant to implementation leadership, clear and easy to answer.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the Chinese Implementation Leadership Scale is a valid, reliable and pragmatic tool for measuring strategic leadership for implementing evidence-based practices.
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- 2021
8. The methodology used to deliver information literacy instruction by a select group of academic librarians: a case study
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Simone Julie-Ann Harrison and Mark-Jeffery O'niel Deans
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Nonprobability sampling ,Medical education ,Work (electrical) ,Excellence ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Information literacy ,Distance education ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,media_common ,Qualitative research - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study is to highlight the need for academic librarians to incorporate effective methodologies in their delivery of information literacy instruction.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers conducted a qualitative research using a case study approach. A nonprobability or purposive sampling method was employed in this research to select five participants. Semistructured interviews and observation were used to garner data from the sample.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that the support required by distance education and face-to-face students is typically the same. An examination of the findings pointed to the fact that some students may be demotivated in information literacy instruction sessions because of an overload of information, which leads to frustration and poor performance.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study highlight the need for Caribbean academic librarians to incorporate effective methodologies in their delivery of information literacy instruction and provide an analytical view of how these methodologies may impact performance, understanding and the overall work produced by both students and faculty.Originality/valueResearch on the topic specific to the Caribbean is limited; therefore, research of this nature provides useful strategies that academic librarians may use in developing stellar information literacy programs in the Caribbean to help both students and faculty members achieve excellence.
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- 2021
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9. Ethics briefing – December 2021
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Dominic Norcliffe-Brown, Sophie Brannan, Martin Davies, Veronica English, Caroline Ann Harrison, and Julian C Sheather
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Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Health (social science) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Health Policy - Published
- 2022
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10. Misapplied Metrics: Variation in the h-index within and between disciplines
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Ryan Light and Jill Ann Harrison
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Scholars and university administrators have a vested interest in building equitable valuation systems of academic work for both practical (e.g., resource distribution) and more lofty purposes (e.g., what constitutes “good” research). Well-established inequalities in science pose a difficult challenge to those interested in constructing a parsimonious and fair method for valuation as stratification occurs within academic disciplines, but also between them. Despite warnings against the practice, the popular h-index has been formally used as one such metric of valuation. In this article, we use the case of the h-index to examine how within and between discipline inequalities extend from the reliance of metrics, an illustration of the risk involved in the so-called “tyranny of metrics.” Using data from over 42,000 high performing scientists across 120 disciplines, we construct multilevel models predicting the h-index. Results suggest significant within-discipline variation in several forms, including a female penalty, as well as significant between discipline variation. Conclusions include recommendations to avoid using the h-index or similar metrics for valuation purposes.
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- 2022
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11. Sharing the Costs: The Impact of Trade Reform on Capital and Labor in Morocco
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Janet Currie and Ann Harrison
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- 2022
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12. Has Globalization Eroded Labor’s Share? Some Cross-Country Evidence
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Ann Harrison
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- 2022
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13. ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF TRADE AND OFFSHORING ON AMERICAN WORKERS USING THE CURRENT POPULATION SURVEYS
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Avraham Ebenstein, Ann Harrison, Margaret McMillan, and Shannon Phillips
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- 2022
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14. OFFSHORING JOBS? MULTINATIONALS AND U.S. MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT
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Ann Harrison and Margaret McMillan
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- 2022
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15. FDI Spillovers and Industrial Policy: The Role of Tariffs and Tax Holidays
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LUOSHA DU, ANN HARRISON, and GARY JEFFERSON
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- 2022
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16. Wages and foreign ownership A comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States
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Brian Aitken, Ann Harrison, and Robert E. Lipsey
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- 2022
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17. TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND WAGE INEQUALITY IN MEXICO
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GORDON H. HANSON and ANN HARRISON
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- 2022
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18. Normative values of renin and aldosterone in clinically stable preterm neonates
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James Haiyang Xu, Erika Bariciak, Mary-Ann Harrison, Margaret Broom, Brigitte Lemyre, Richard J. Webster, Gabrielle Weiler, Jane E. Dahlstrom, and Alison Kent
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Nephrology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
Background There is a paucity of literature on the normative levels of plasma renin concentration (PRC) and serum aldosterone (SA) in premature neonates. This study aims to provide normative data on PRC and SA levels in preterm neonates in the first 2 weeks after birth and explore associations with maternal, perinatal, or postnatal factors. Methods Neonates born at 26- to 34-week gestation were recruited from two neonatal intensive care units in Canada and Australia. The direct renin assay PRC and SA were analyzed on day 1 and days 14–21 after birth to compare across categorical variables and to produce normative values. Results A total of 262 subjects were enrolled from the Canadian (29%) and Australian (71%) sites. The mean gestational age was 30 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 1457 g. The normative values of PRC and SA for neonates born between 26 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks and 30 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks of gestation were produced for day 1 and day 14–21 after birth. Both PRC and SA increased from day 1 to day 14–21. The more premature neonates reached a higher PRC on days 14–21 after birth but exhibited lower SA levels on day 1 after birth. When comparing gender, birth weight, and maternal risk factor categories, no statistical differences in PRC or SA were found. A small but significant decrease in PRC, but not SA, was noted for neonates with placental pathology. Conclusions This study produced normative values of PRA and SA in clinically stable preterm neonates that can be referenced for use in clinical practice. Graphical Abstract
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- 2022
19. Frequency of Unscheduled Visits to the Obstetrical Triage Assessment Unit by Pregnant Adolescents in an Urban Canadian Centre Compared with a Matched Cohort of Pregnant Women
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Florence Grégoire-Briard, Mary-Ann Harrison, Richard Webster, and Nathalie Fleming
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Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Canada ,Adolescent ,Pregnancy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Humans ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,Triage ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
People from marginalized and vulnerable populations present more frequently for unscheduled, emergency obstetrical services at labour and delivery triage units. Based on our clinical experience, pregnant adolescents visit the obstetrical triage assessment units (OTAU) more often than adults do. This study was designed to assess this phenomenon by quantifying and describing the frequency of unscheduled visits to the OTAU by pregnant adolescents (agelt;20 y) compared with a matched cohort of adult pregnant patients (age ≥20 y).A retrospective database review was performed for data on all adolescent patients that delivered at our institution at ≥20 weeks gestation between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. Adolescent pregnant patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio with adult pregnant patients. Demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the number of visits to the OTAU were recorded.A total of 162 adolescent pregnant patients visited the OTAU during the study period. The mean number of visits to the OTAU by adolescents was 2.77 ± 2.40 compared with 1.96 ± 1.80 visits in the adult cohort (P = 0.0001). Adolescents were 63% more likely than adults to access triage services (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.63; 95% CI 1.09-2.44, P = 0.017). Diagnosis of a mental health condition was the only identified risk factor for accessing OTAU, irrespective of age (IRR 1.64; 95% CI 1.05, 2.55, P = 0.029).Adolescent pregnant patients tend to visit the OTAU on an unscheduled basis more often than do adult patients. The presence of a mental health condition was identified as an important predictor of unscheduled visits to OTAUs for adolescent patients.
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- 2022
20. Working as a counselling psychologist in an NHS Occupational Health setting
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Julia Ann Harrison
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- 2022
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21. Review of 'Working Class Experiences of Social Inequalities in (Post-) Industrial Landscapes: Feelings of Class'
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Jill Ann Harrison
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History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Anthropology - Published
- 2023
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22. Ethics briefing
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Rebecca Mussell, Caroline Ann Harrison, Julian C Sheather, Sophie Brannan, and Veronica English
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Ethics ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Health (social science) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Pregnancy ,Health Policy ,Decision Making ,Humans ,Abortion, Induced ,Female ,Confidentiality - Published
- 2022
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23. Buoyancy on the Bayou: Shrimpers Face the Rising Tide of Globalization
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Jill Ann. Harrison
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- 2012
24. Ethics briefing - August 2021
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Dominic, Norcliffe-Brown, Sophie, Brannan, Martin, Davies, Veronica, English, Caroline Ann, Harrison, and Julian C, Sheather
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Ethics ,Ethics Committees ,Euthanasia ,Euthanasia, Active ,Humans ,Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary ,Intention ,Euthanasia, Passive - Published
- 2021
25. City on the Edge: Hard Choices in the American Rust Belt
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Ann Harrison, Jill, primary
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- 2021
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26. Globalization and Poverty
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Ann Harrison
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- 2007
27. Industrial Policy in China: Some Intended or Unintended Consequences?
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Jing Cai and Ann Harrison
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Value-added tax ,Unintended consequences ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Economics ,Investment goods ,International economics ,Tax reform ,Industrial policy ,China ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Productivity - Abstract
The authors explore the impact of a 2004 tax reform in China that reduced the value-added tax (VAT) on investment goods. Although the goal of the reform was to encourage upgrading of technology, results suggest there was no significant increase in fixed investment, new product introductions, or productivity. Rather, the authors find that firms shifted the composition of investment toward machinery and increased the capital intensity of production, which is consistent with a fall in the price of capital relative to labor. As a result, employment fell significantly in the treated provinces and sectors. Results are robust to a variety of approaches and suggest that the primary impact of the policy has been to induce labor-saving growth. In 2009, the VAT reform was extended to the rest of China.
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- 2019
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28. 'Down Here We Rely on Fishing and Oil': Work Identity and Fishers’ Responses to the BP Oil Spill Disaster
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Jill Ann Harrison
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Sociology and Political Science ,Fishing ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Survey research ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,Work (electrical) ,Deepwater horizon ,Chemical agents ,Oil spill ,Business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Survey research on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill has documented both short-term and longer term effects of the spill and chemical agents on physical, mental, and environmental health, but less is known about how individuals living in and around affected areas make sense of the oil spill disaster. Prior research on disaster describes how people make sense of these events through social, political, and relational processes, yet have not explored the mediating role that work identity might play in the sense-making process. Using in-depth interviews with Louisiana shrimp fishers, I show how interpretations of the British Petroleum (BP) oil spill and its aftermath are fundamentally grounded in work identity. Findings indicate fishers recognize the role BP played in their ongoing health and environmental problems related to the spill. At the same time, they generally view BP as favorable and hold optimistic views regarding their abilities to continue to fish in grounds where they find evidence of the oil spill. Work identity filters how these fishers make sense of their experience and limits the range of responses available to them. This project, thus, centers work within research on the subjective experience of disaster, and further contributes to understanding the socially constructed nature of disaster perceptions and responses.
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- 2019
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29. Contemporary Microbiology and Antimicrobial Treatment of Complicated Appendicitis
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Nicole Le Saux, Baldwin Toye, Mary-Ann Harrison, Isabelle Viel-Thériault, and Marcos Bettolli
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Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Peritonitis ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Antimicrobial Stewardship ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Tobramycin ,Appendectomy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Antimicrobial stewardship ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Drug Administration Routes ,Infant ,Retrospective cohort study ,Appendicitis ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Regimen ,Metronidazole ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,Empiric therapy ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship interventions to curtail the use of third-generation cephalosporins and antipseudomonal penicillins for the treatment of complicated appendicitis in children are challenging given the tendency to treat complicated disease with broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Reasons for this are unclear, but there is a paucity of contemporary microbiologic data associated with the child presenting with either acute perforated or gangrenous appendicitis. This study aimed to justify the appropriateness of an empiric regimen consisting of ampicillin, tobramycin/gentamicin plus metronidazole and to analyze duration of postoperative therapy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study from February 1, 2017, to October 31, 2018, in children who underwent appendectomy or interventional radiologic drainage for primary complicated appendicitis. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had a pathogen isolated from peritoneal fluid culture that was not susceptible to the recommended empiric therapy. The secondary outcomes were the total duration of antimicrobial therapy and the proportion of patients with a postoperative infectious complication within 30 days after intervention. RESULTS Of 425 children with primary acute appendicitis, 158 (37%) had complicated appendicitis at presentation. Culture was performed in 53 (40%) of the 133 who underwent a surgical or interventional radiologic intervention. The group with peritoneal cultures was more likely to present with longer symptom duration before admission [3 (interquartile range, 2-5) vs 2 (interquartile range, 1-2) days; P < 0.001] and with purulent peritonitis [47% (25/53) vs 13% (10/80); P < 0.001]. The most common pathogens isolated were anaerobes (81%), Escherichia coli (74%) and Streptococcus anginosus group (62%). Only 4% of isolated bacteria were resistant to empiric therapy. Postoperative infectious complications were documented in 23 (17%) patients and were not associated with the presence of a resistant pathogen or the choice of antimicrobial agents but with more severe disease and higher C-reactive protein values (303 vs 83 mg/L; P=0.03) at presentation. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of previously healthy children presenting with complicated appendicitis requiring surgical drainage, the most common bacteria from peritoneal cultures continue to be S. anginosus, aminoglycoside-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes. In an attempt to reduce extended-spectrum cephalosporin use, these data were useful in supporting the use of metronidazole with ampicillin and an aminoglycoside, rather than third-generation cephalosporins.
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- 2019
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30. Teaching Principles of Interactive Sound
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Lucy Ann Harrison
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,Sound design ,Perspective (graphical) ,Section (typography) ,computer.software_genre ,Interactive audio ,Musicology ,Game design ,computer ,Sound (geography) ,University system - Abstract
This chapter takes a practice-based approach, investigating the techniques used to teach Level 5 (second year of the UK University system) music students across two degrees and providing a framework for interactive audio analysis from a practitioner’s perspective. The chapter is divided into two sections: the first section outlines the practical and creative challenges for composers, sound designers, and musicologists when approaching interactive audio. These challenges are related to current theories of game design and ludomusicology. The second half provides practice-based solutions to teaching and analyzing interactive audio from the composer and sound designer’s perspective.
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- 2021
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31. Globalization, Firms, and Workers
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Ann Harrison and Keith E. Maskus
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Globalization ,Labour economics ,Business - Published
- 2021
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32. Interactive Sound and Music : Beyond Pressing Play
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Lucy Ann Harrison and Lucy Ann Harrison
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Interactive Sound and Music: Beyond Pressing Play provides an accessible exploration into the aesthetics of interactive audio, using examples from video games, experimental music, and participatory theatre and sound installations. Offering a practitioner's perspective, the book places interactive sound and music within a broader aesthetic context relating to key texts and discussion within musicology and wider art practices. Each chapter takes the reader through a key debate surrounding interactive sound and music, such as: Is it actually interactive and does it actually matter? How do audience expectations change in an interactive space? How do you compose for multiple possibilities? Is interactive sound and music ever finished? Where now for interactive sound and music? Supported by a series of questions at the end of each chapter that can be used as a focus for seminar or reading group activities, this is an ideal textbook for students on audio engineering, music technology, and game audio courses, as well as an essential guide for anyone interested in interactive sound and music.
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- 2024
33. City on the Edge: Hard Choices in the American Rust Belt
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Jill Ann Harrison
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Sociology and Political Science - Published
- 2021
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34. The Present and Future of Music Law
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Tony Rigg and Ann Harrison
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Range (music) ,Underpinning ,Politics ,business.industry ,Interface (Java) ,Law ,Music industry ,Sociology ,business ,Legal practice ,Key (music) ,Merge (linguistics) - Abstract
The music business is a multifaceted, transnational industry that operates within complex and rapidly changing political, economic, cultural and technological contexts. The mode and manner of how music is created, obtained, consumed and exploited is evolving rapidly. It is based on relationships that can be both complimentary and at times confrontational, and around roles that interact, overlap and sometimes merge, reflecting the competing and coinciding interests of creative artists and music industry professionals. It falls to music law and legal practice to provide the underpinning framework to enable these complex relationships to flourish, to provide a means to resolve disputes, and to facilitate commerce in a challenging and dynamic business environment. The Present and Future of Music Law presents thirteen case studies written by experts in their fields, examining a range of key topics at the points where music law and the post-digital music industry intersect, offering a timely exploration of the current landscape and insights into the future shape of the interface between music business and music law.
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- 2021
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35. Validating an Embedded Intelligent Sensor Control System.
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Patrick R. Harrison and P. Ann Harrison
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- 1994
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36. Learning class descriptions from a data base of spectral reflectance with multiple view angles.
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Daniel S. Kimes, Patrick R. Harrison, and P. Ann Harrison
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- 1992
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37. 17 Lyme Disease in Eastern Ontario - A Paediatric Centre’s Experience from 2009-2018
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Stephanie Zahradnik, Anne Tsampalieros, Mary-Ann Harrison, Jason Brophy, Jennifer Bowes, and Nick Barrowman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Lyme disease ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Abstract / Résumés ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Background Lyme disease (LD) is caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Over the past ten years, robust local public health data indicates that the incidence of LD has increased significantly in the eastern region of Ontario due to the spread of its vector, the blacklegged tick. As a result, we have seen an increase in the number of cases of LD in children at our tertiary paediatric centre, at all stages of infection. Familiarity with Lyme disease is important as incidence increases. We sought to characterize the cases at our centre. Objectives To describe the epidemiology of LD in children at our centre from 2009-2018, as well as the variety of clinical presentations of paediatric LD. Design/Methods We completed a retrospective chart review from 2009-2018 of all cases admitted or seen in the Infectious Disease (ID) clinic or the Emergency Department (ED) with a diagnosis of LD. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, including geographic location where infection occurred and resource utilization. We used descriptive statistics to describe cases and comparative statistics to determine changes in number of cases over time. Results There were 171 LD cases managed at our centre during this period. Mean age was 7.4 (SD 4.5) years, 89 (52.0%) were male. The annual number of cases from 2009 - 2018 increased from 1 to 44 and peaked in 2017 (47 cases). The highest number of cases occurred among children Early and late disseminated cases occurred more commonly in the summer and accounted for the majority of admissions. These included neurologic Lyme (lymphocytic meningitis [2, 1.2%], polyneuropathy [1, 0.6%], cranial nerve palsy [13, 7.6%]), Lyme carditis (5, 2.9%), and Lyme arthritis (29, 17.0%). There were 133 (77.8%) patients managed in ED, 66 (38.6%) in the ID clinic and 17 (9.9%) in the inpatient ward; median length of stay was 6 (IQR 5, 9) days, with a range of 1 to 30 days. The most common geographic locations of infection acquisition were Ottawa (120 cases, 71.0%) and Kingston (26, 15.4%). Conclusion Cases of LD managed at our paediatric centre have increased in keeping with population trends, with all LD stages experienced. Severe cases of meningitis, carditis, and arthritis resulted in hospitalization, with increasing numbers over the study period.
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- 2020
38. Factors related to positive airway pressure therapy adherence in children with obesity and sleep-disordered breathing
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Linda Horwood, Sherri L. Katz, Joanna E. MacLean, Bethany J. Foster, Lynda Hoey, Laurent Legault, Mary-Ann Harrison, Glenda N. Bendiak, Valerie G. Kirk, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Evelyn Constantin, and Nick Barrowman
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sleep Apnea Syndromes ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Positive airway pressure ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Child ,Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ,business.industry ,Therapy adherence ,medicine.disease ,Scientific Investigations ,respiratory tract diseases ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,Neurology ,Cardiology ,Breathing ,Sleep disordered breathing ,Noninvasive ventilation ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is used to treat children with concurrent obesity and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), but achieving adherence remains challenging. We aimed to identify factors associated with PAP adherence in a prospective cohort of children with obesity prescribed PAP for newly diagnosed SDB. METHODS: A questionnaire to assess factors related to PAP adherence was administered to participants and their parent ≥12 months after enrollment. Adherence (PAP use ≥4 hours/night on >50% of nights) was measured with PAP machine downloads, diaries, and physician assessments. Questionnaire responses were compared between adherent/nonadherent participants and between children/parents. Age, total and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), lowest oxygen saturation, and highest carbon dioxide were compared between adherent/nonadherent children with univariate differences of medians, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Fourteen children (median age: 14.3 years; 93% male; all with obstructive sleep apnea) were included. Eleven (79%) were adherent to PAP. SDB symptom improvement was reported in 9 of 14 children (64%); 8 of 14 children (57%) had positive experiences with PAP. Most children assumed an active role in PAP initiation and felt supported by the clinical team. Responses between adherent/nonadherent groups and between children/parents were similar. Oxygen saturation nadir (median difference between nonadherent and adherent groups: 8.9%; 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 16.1), but not age, apnea-hypopnea index, OAHI, or maximum carbon dioxide, was associated with PAP adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Children with obesity-related SDB with lower nocturnal oxygen saturation nadir were more likely to adhere to PAP therapy. Ensuring adequate understanding of PAP therapy and medical team support are key factors in PAP success. CITATION: Katz SL, Kirk VG, MacLean JE, et al. Factors related to positive airway pressure therapy adherence in children with obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(5):733–741.
- Published
- 2020
39. Green Industrial Policy in Emerging Markets
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Ann Harrison, Shanthi Nataraj, and Leslie A. Martin
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Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Liberalization ,020209 energy ,05 social sciences ,Subsidy ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial policy ,Environmental studies ,Business economics ,Incentive ,Goods and services ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Emerging markets ,Industrial organization - Abstract
In this review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing green industrial policy in developing countries. These policies promote industries that produce green technologies and encourage traditional industries to produce goods and services in greener ways. We describe the experience in some emerging markets of voluntary programs to reduce emissions. Contrasting India and China's efforts to promote their solar photovoltaic industries, we also discuss the relative efficiency of promoting deployment versus promoting R&D. We also warn against expecting too much from policies that encourage renewables while governments simultaneously subsidize fossil fuels. The review discusses the potential of hybrid policies that combine command-and-control regulations targeted at the intensive margin for the largest polluters with market-based incentives that widen the reach of environmental regulations. We conclude with a discussion of how dismantling tariffs and facilitating foreign direct investment, ostensibly for nonenvironmental reasons, can have important environmental consequences.
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- 2017
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40. Rust Belt Boomerang: The Pull of Place in Moving Back to a Legacy City
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Jill Ann Harrison
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Urban Studies ,Population decline ,Economy ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Sociology ,Rust ,0506 political science - Abstract
Research and journalistic accounts on the Rust Belt consistently focus on population decline and its consequences. As a result, we know little about the growing trend of return migration of young professionals and knowledge workers to the region. Why have these individuals chosen to return to a place that they once left? I answer this question using in–depth interviews with young professionals who have moved back to Youngstown, Ohio. Results indicate that return migrants chose to return despite reporting alternative and perhaps more economically rational work opportunities elsewhere. While some reasons can be anticipated from the literature, such as family need, I emphasize how place–specific considerations worked in combination with economic and social factors to pull them back. Findings hold implications for the literatures on place and return migration and for city planners who believe that return migration presents an opportunity for economic growth of legacy cities.
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- 2017
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41. Combined influence of practice guidelines and prospective audit and feedback stewardship on antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and empyema in children: 2012 to 2016
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Julie Blackburn, Nisha Thampi, Jennifer Bowes, Mary-Ann Harrison, Isabelle Viel-Thériault, Nick Barrowman, Melanie Buba, and Nicole Le Saux
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mycoplasma pneumoniae ,business.industry ,Guideline ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Empyema ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pneumonia ,0302 clinical medicine ,Community-acquired pneumonia ,Aminopenicillin ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Antimicrobial stewardship ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Empiric therapy - Abstract
Background Aminopenicillins are recommended empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of the study was to assess treatment over a 5-year period after CAP guideline publication and introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). Methods Using ICD-10 discharge codes for pneumonia, children less than 18 years admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 were identified. Children ≥ 2 months with consolidation were included. One day of therapy (DOT) was one or more doses of an antimicrobial given for 1 day. Results Of 1,707 patients identified, 713 met inclusion criteria. Eighteen (2.5%) had bacteria identified by culture and 79 of 265 (29.8%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae detected. Mean DOT/1,000 patient days of aminopenicillins/penicillin (AAP) increased by 18.1% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.2, 39.9%) and decreased by 37.6% per year (95% CI −56.1, −11.3%) for second- and third-generation cephalosporins in the post-ASP period. The duration of discharge antimicrobials decreased. Of 74 (10.4%) patients who had pleural fluid drained, 35 (47.3%) received more than 5 days of AAP and ≤ 5 days of second-/third-generation cephalosporins with no difference in median length of stay nor mean duration of antimicrobials. Conclusions Implementation of CAP management guidelines followed by prospective audit and feedback stewardship was associated with a sustained decrease in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in childhood CAP. Use of AAP should also be strongly considered in patients with effusions (even if no pathogen is identified), as clinical outcome appears similar to patients treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
- Published
- 2019
42. Beliefs and Behaviors of Pregnant Women with Addictions Awaiting Treatment Initiation
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Amanda Van Scoyoc, Jill Ann Harrison, and Philip A. Fisher
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Qualitative data analysis software ,Harm reduction ,Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Social Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Harm ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Substance use ,business ,Substance abuse treatment ,Psychiatry ,Prenatal exposure ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
Substance use during pregnancy poses clear risks to children's healthy development. However, women with addictions face unique barriers to accessing substance abuse treatment and often delay or avoid treatment seeking. The objective of this study was to examine women's beliefs about the impact of use on the developing baby and to examine the protective behaviors that women with addictions engage in during the period of time between when they first find out they are pregnant and when they begin substance abuse treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 women who were either pregnant or postpartum and who had used illicit substances during pregnancy. All participants were currently receiving inpatient substance abuse treatment services to address their addiction and were asked to retrospectively report on their experiences. Interviews were transcribed, imported into a qualitative data analysis software, and iteratively coded for themes. Women reported being concerned about the impact of substance use on the developing baby, in particular, about the physical and long-term developmental consequences of prenatal exposure. Given these concerns, women described trying to protect the baby from harm on their own, outside of accessing traditional treatment services. They sought information anonymously, increased their engagement in health-promoting behaviors, and decreased their use of alcohol and other drugs. The results suggest that women who use alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy are often motivated to protect their baby from harm and are engaging in harm reduction behaviors prior to accessing treatment services.
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- 2019
43. Factors Impacting Physician Recommendation for Tracheostomy Placement in Pediatric Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Stated Practice
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James Dayre McNally, Jean-Philippe Vaccani, Bernard Thébaud, Philippe Jouvet, Nick Barrowman, Katie O’Hearn, Mary-Ann Harrison, Colin Blair Meyer-Macaulay, and Sherri L. Katz
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Time Factors ,Cross-sectional study ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Decision-Making ,MEDLINE ,Comorbidity ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Subspecialty ,Tertiary Care Centers ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tracheostomy ,Clinical decision making ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Prospective cohort study ,Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ,Mechanical ventilation ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Hospitals, Pediatric ,Respiration, Artificial ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,business ,Specialization - Abstract
To characterize the stated practices of qualified Canadian physicians toward tracheostomy for pediatric prolonged mechanical ventilation and whether subspecialty and comorbid conditions impact attitudes toward tracheostomy.Cross sectional web-based survey.Pediatric intensivists, neonatologists, respirologists, and otolaryngology-head and neck surgeons practicing at 16 tertiary academic Canadian pediatric hospitals.Respondents answered a survey based on three cases (Case 1: neonate with bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Cases 2 and 3: children 1 and 10 years old with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively) including a series of alterations in relevant clinical variables.We compared respondents' likelihood of recommending tracheostomy at 3 weeks of mechanical ventilation and evaluated the effects of various clinical changes on physician willingness to recommend tracheostomy and their impact on preferred timing (≤ 3 wk or3 wk of mechanical ventilation). Response rate was 165 of 396 (42%). Of those respondents who indicated they had the expertise, 47 of 121 (38.8%), 23 of 93 (24.7%), and 40 of 87 (46.0%) would recommend tracheostomy at less than or equal to 3 weeks of mechanical ventilation for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p0.05 Case 2 vs 3). Upper airway obstruction was associated with increased willingness to recommend earlier tracheostomy. Life-limiting condition, severe neurologic injury, unrepaired congenital heart disease, multiple organ system failure, and noninvasive ventilation were associated with a decreased willingness to recommend tracheostomy.This survey provides insight in to the stated practice patterns of Canadian physicians who care for children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Physicians remain reluctant to recommend tracheostomy for children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation due to lung disease alone at 3 weeks of mechanical ventilation. Prospective studies characterizing actual physician practice toward tracheostomy for pediatric prolonged mechanical ventilation and evaluating the impact of tracheostomy timing on clinically important outcomes are needed as the next step toward harmonizing care delivery for such patients.
- Published
- 2019
44. Can a Tiger Change Its Stripes? Reform of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises in the Penumbra of the State
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Peichun Wang, Minyuan Zhao, Marshall W. Meyer, Ann Harrison, and Linda Zhao
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Government ,Market economy ,Stimulus (economics) ,State (polity) ,Tiger ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Financial crisis ,Subsidy ,Profitability index ,Business ,China ,media_common - Abstract
The majority of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China were privatized through ownership reforms over the last two decades. Using a comprehensive dataset of all medium and large enterprises in China between 1998 and 2013, we show that privatized SOEs continue to benefit from government support relative to private enterprises. Compared to private firms that were never state-owned, privatized SOEs are favored by low interest loans and government subsidies. These differences are more salient with the Chinese government’s trillion-dollar stimulus package introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis. Moreover, both SOEs and privatized SOEs significantly under-perform in profitability compared to private firms. Nevertheless there are clear improvements in performance post-privatization. The tiger can change its stripes; however, the government’s behavior seems to be sticky.
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- 2019
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45. The Big Rig: Trucking and the Decline of the American Dream. By Steve Viscelli. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2016. Pp. xv+288. $29.95 (paper)
- Author
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Jill Ann Harrison
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Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art history ,Art ,Dream ,media_common - Published
- 2017
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46. International Trade or Technology? Who is Left Behind and What to do about it
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Ann Harrison
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Poverty ,Inequality ,050204 development studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,International economics ,Development ,Technical change ,Competition (economics) ,Globalization ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,050207 economics ,Emerging markets ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Developed country ,Backlash ,media_common - Abstract
We examine globalization’s effects on those left behind in both industrial and emerging markets. While access to global markets has lifted billions out of poverty in emerging markets, the benefits have not been equally shared. Increased competition through globalization as well as skill-biased technical change have hurt less educated workers in rich and poor countries. While much of the rising inequality is often attributed to globalization alone, a brief review of the literature suggests that labor-saving technology has likely played an even more important role. The backlash has focused on the negative consequences of globalization in developed countries, and now threatens the global trading system and access to that system for emerging markets. We conclude by proposing some solutions to compensate losers from the twin forces of technical change and globalization.
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- 2018
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47. Effect of anesthesia for hypospadias repair on perioperative complications
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Mary-Ann Harrison, Alexa M. Kim, William M. Splinter, and Jarmila Kim
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Male ,Urinary Fistula ,Fistula ,Postoperative Complications ,medicine ,Hypospadias repair ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Surgical repair ,Hypospadias ,business.industry ,Infant ,Retrospective cohort study ,Nerve Block ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Regional anesthesia ,Anesthesia ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Complication ,business ,Anesthesia, Caudal ,Penis - Abstract
Background Recent publications from the United States, India, and Korea report that children undergoing hypospadias repair with caudal regional anesthesia/analgesia could have increased postoperative surgical complications. Aims The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact between caudal regional anesthesia, other regional anesthesia, and no regional anesthesia on complications after hypospadias repair at a tertiary care children's hospital in Ottawa, Canada, with an expectation to changing practices if a link was found. Method We reviewed the health records of 827 children with hypospadias undergoing penile surgery from January 1991-June 2017. The final sample size for the analysis consisted of 764 patients and 825 procedures. Results The overall complications were almost identical when considering anesthesia effects, and this similarity persisted when we assessed specifically for only surgical complications. We had 716, 94, and 15 subjects who had a caudal block, penile block, and general anesthesia only, respectively, and their complication rates were 28, 31, and 27%, respectively, and their fistula formation rates were 10, 6, and 0%, respectively, and their stricture formation rates were 8, 7, and 20%,, respectively. Hypospadias type and surgical repair technique were marked predictors of complications in the postoperative period. Conclusion Anesthesia technique appears to have minor impact on complications after hypospadias repair, while surgical technique and type of hypospadias impact complications after hypospadias surgery in children. Based upon these results, we will not change our current practice of using a variety of regional anesthesia techniques for children undergoing hypospadias repair.
- Published
- 2018
48. Practice variation in the management of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: A Canadian perspective
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Radha Jetty, Mary-Ann Harrison, Franco Momoli, and Catherine M. Pound
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Patient discharge ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oxygen supplementation ,business.industry ,Specific discharge ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Continuous variable ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bronchiolitis ,030225 pediatrics ,Knowledge translation ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sleep period ,business ,Oxygen saturation (medicine) - Abstract
Objectives To describe variations in the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis among physicians across Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals. Methods We conducted an electronic survey of paediatricians with experience in the management of inpatient bronchiolitis at 20 Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals. Only physicians who worked a minimum of 6 weeks on their hospital inpatient unit in the 2015 calendar year were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire explored the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children with bronchiolitis. Central tendency (mean) and dispersion (SD) statistics were produced for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables. Results A total of 142 respondents were included in the analysis. 45.1% reported the routine use of continuous oxygen saturation monitoring. 27.5% used a higher cut-off for oxygen supplementation of 92% and 12.7% use a lower cut-off of 88%. 29.6% routinely used deep nasal suctioning. Seventy-three per cent reported using nebulized therapies. 55.6% reported having preprinted order sheets or guidelines for management of inpatient bronchiolitis at their institutions and 28.2% reported having specific discharge criteria. The length of time required to be off oxygen prior to discharge varied (31% at 12 hours, 27.5% at 24 hours, and 24.6% after the last sleep period without oxygen). Conclusion There is significant practice variation in the monitoring, treatment, and discharge of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis within and between Canadian paediatric teaching hospitals. Future research is needed to establish best practices, effective knowledge translation, and implementation strategies to standardize care and decrease length of stay.
- Published
- 2018
49. DOES THE TIMING OF INITIATION OF THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA INFLUENCE MRI FINDINGS AND OUTCOMES IN ENCEPHALOPATHIC BABIES?
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Nick Borrowman, Elka Miller, Stephanie Redpath, Mary-Ann Harrison, Brigitte Lemyre, Jorge Davila, Marissa Philippe, Nadya Ben Fadel, and Mireille Guillot
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business.industry ,Anesthesia ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Hypothermia ,medicine.symptom ,Abstract / Résumés ,business ,Mri findings - Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), initiated < 6h of life, is the standard treatment for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). While preclinical studies show that TH is more effective when started early, little clinical data exists. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our study are to examine the effect of early vs. late TH on the severity and pattern of brain injury on MRI and on the neurodevelopmental outcomes. DESIGN/METHODS This retrospective cohort included infants with HIE treated with TH at a level three neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2016. Babies were grouped into: early cooling (TH started ≤ 180 minutes of life) or late cooling (TH started > 180 minutes of life). Two radiologists evaluated the severity and pattern of brain injury on MRI using both NICHD and Barkovich scoring system. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated at 4, 10, 18 and 48 months. RESULTS Ninety-four patients (median gestational age 39 weeks; median birth weight 3.3 kg) were included in the study, 55 in the early cooling and 39 in the late cooling group. The early cooling group included more patients with severe HIE (32.7% vs 10.3%, p=0.01). No difference was observed between the 2 groups in regard to the pattern and severity of brain injury. In the late cooling group, there was a trend toward more severe watershed (WS) injury (WS score ≥3) (30.6% vs 17%, p=0.19) and more moderate to severe brain injury (33.3% vs 23.4%, p=0.33). There was no difference in the neurodevelopmental outcomes between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION TH initiated early (before 180 minutes of life) was neither associated with a difference in brain injury on MRI nor better neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite having more infants with severe HIE in the early cooling group, there was a trend toward less significant brain injury in this group.
- Published
- 2018
50. Industrial Policy and Competition
- Author
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Philippe Aghion, Jing Cai, Mathias Dewatripont, Luosha Du, Ann Harrison, and Patrick Legros
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Subsidy ,Lerner index ,Industrial policy ,jel:L52 ,jel:L11 ,Competition (economics) ,Order (exchange) ,jel:L25 ,jel:P31 ,Economics ,Endogeneity ,jel:O14 ,jel:O25 ,jel:O47 ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Productivity ,Total factor productivity ,Industrial organization - Abstract
This paper argues that sectoral policy aimed at targeting production activities to one particular sector, can enhance growth and efficiency if it is made competition-friendly. First, we develop a model in which two firms can operate either in the same (higher growth) sector or in different sectors. To escape competition, firms can either innovate vertically or differentiate by choosing a different sector from their competitor By forcing firms to operate in the same sector, sectoral policy induces them to innovate ”vertically” rather than differentiate in order to escape competition with the other firm. The model predicts that sectoral targeting enhances average growth and productivity more when competition is more intense within a sector and when competition is preserved by policy. In the second part of the paper, we test these predictions using a panel of medium and large Chinese enterprises for the period 1998 through 2007. Our empirical results suggest that if subsidies are allocated to competitive sectors (as measured by the Lerner index) or allocated in such a way as to preserve or increase competition, then the net impacts of subsidies, tax holidays, and tariffs on total factor productivity levels or growth become positive and significant. We address the potential endogeneity of targeting and competition by using variations in targeting across Chinese cities that are exogenous to the individual firm.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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