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209 results on '"Anna Maria Giuseppina"'

1. Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO2@MSN) in Primary Peripheral Human Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)

Author

Luca Di Giampaolo, Gloria Zaccariello, Alvise Benedetti, Giulia Vecchiotti, Francesca Caposano, Enrico Sabbioni, Flavia Groppi, Simone Manenti, Qiao Niu, Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma, Mario Di Gioacchino, and Claudia Petrarca

Subjects
nanoparticles, titanium oxide, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, immunotoxicity, cytokines, cosmetic industry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO2@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO2 NPs, based on several biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO2@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO2 NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. Results: All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO2 NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO2@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO2@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Conclusions: Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO2@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO2@MSN are imputable to both the TiO2 NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers.

Published
2021
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3. Plastic Fly: What Drosophila melanogaster Can Tell Us about the Biological Effects and the Carcinogenic Potential of Nanopolystyrene.

Author

Aloisi, Massimo, Grifoni, Daniela, Zarivi, Osvaldo, Colafarina, Sabrina, Morciano, Patrizia, and Poma, Anna Maria Giuseppina

Subjects
DROSOPHILA melanogaster, GENETIC toxicology, FOOD contamination, P53 antioncogene, FOOD packaging, PLASTICS
Abstract

Today, plastic pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment and public health. In the tissues of exposed species, micro- and nano-fragments accumulate, leading to genotoxicity, altered metabolism, and decreased lifespan. A model to investigate the genotoxic and tumor-promoting potential of nanoplastics (NPs) is Drosophila melanogaster. Here we tested polystyrene, which is commonly used in food packaging, is not well recycled, and makes up at least 30% of landfills. In order to investigate the biological effects and carcinogenic potential of 100 µm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), we raised Oregon [R] wild-type flies on contaminated food. After prolonged exposure, fluorescent PSNPs accumulated in the gut and fat bodies. Furthermore, PSNP-fed flies showed considerable alterations in weight, developmental time, and lifespan, as well as a compromised ability to recover from starvation. Additionally, we noticed a decrease in motor activity in DNAlig4 mutants fed with PSNPs, which are known to be susceptible to dietary stressors. A qPCR molecular investigation of the larval intestines revealed a markedly elevated expression of the genes drice and p53, suggesting a response to cell damage. Lastly, we used warts-defective mutants to assess the carcinogenic potential of PSNPs and discovered that exposed flies had more aberrant masses than untreated ones. In summary, our findings support the notion that ingested nanopolystyrene triggers metabolic and genetic modifications in the exposed organisms, eventually delaying development and accelerating death and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Estimation of DNA Degradation in Archaeological Human Remains

Author

Poma, Antonella Bonfigli, Patrizia Cesare, Anna Rita Volpe, Sabrina Colafarina, Alfonso Forgione, Massimo Aloisi, Osvaldo Zarivi, and Anna Maria Giuseppina

Subjects
DNA degradation, bone remains, ancient DNA, real-time qPCR, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA
Abstract

The evaluation of the integrity and quantity of DNA extracted from archaeological human remains is a fundamental step before using the latest generation sequencing techniques in the study of evolutionary processes. Ancient DNA is highly fragmented and chemically modified; therefore, the present study aims to identify indices that can allow the identification of potentially amplifiable and sequenceable DNA samples, reducing failures and research costs. Ancient DNA was extracted from five human bone remains from the archaeological site of Amiternum L’Aquila, Italy dating back to the 9th–12th century and was compared with standard DNA fragmented by sonication. Given the different degradation kinetics of mitochondrial DNA compared to nuclear DNA, the mitochondrially encoded 12s RNA and 18s ribosomal RNA genes were taken into consideration; fragments of various sizes were amplified in qPCR and the size distribution was thoroughly investigated. DNA damage degree was evaluated by calculating damage frequency (λ) and the ratio between the amount of the different fragments and that of the smallest fragment (Q). The results demonstrate that both indices were found to be suitable for identifying, among the samples tested, those less damaged and suitable for post-extraction analysis; mitochondrial DNA is more damaged than nuclear, in fact, amplicons up to 152 bp and 253 bp, respectively are obtained.

Published
2023
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7. Repeated Rounds of Gonadotropin Stimulation Induce Imbalance in the Antioxidant Machinery and Activation of Pro-Survival Proteins in Mouse Oviducts

Author

Valentina Di Nisio, Sevastiani Antonouli, Sabrina Colafarina, Osvaldo Zarivi, Gianna Rossi, Sandra Cecconi, and Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, oviducts, repeated ovarian stimulation, mtDNA fragmentation, antioxidant enzymes, pro-survival signaling, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) through gonadotropin administration has become a common procedure in assisted reproductive technologies. COS’s drawback is the formation of an unbalanced hormonal and molecular environment that could alter several cellular mechanisms. On this basis, we detected the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragmentation, antioxidant enzymes (catalase; superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, SOD-1 and -2; glutathione peroxidase 1, GPx1) and apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax; cleaved caspases 3 and 7; phosphorylated (p)-heat shock protein 27, p-HSP27) and cell-cycle-related proteins (p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p-p38 MAPK; p-MAPK activated protein kinase 2, p-MAPKAPK2; p-stress-activated protein kinase/Jun amino-terminal kinase, p-SAPK/JNK; p-c-Jun) in the oviducts of unstimulated (Ctr) and repeatedly hyperstimulated (eight rounds, 8R) mice. While all the antioxidant enzymes were overexpressed after 8R of stimulation, mtDNA fragmentation decreased in the 8R group, denoting a present yet controlled imbalance in the antioxidant machinery. Apoptotic proteins were not overexpressed, except for a sharp increase in the inflammatory-related cleaved caspase 7, accompanied by a significant decrease in p-HSP27 content. On the other hand, the number of proteins involved in pro-survival mechanisms, such as p-p38 MAPK, p-SAPK/JNK and p-c-Jun, increased almost 50% in the 8R group. Altogether, the present results demonstrate that repeated stimulations cause the activation of the antioxidant machinery in mouse oviducts; however, this is not sufficient to induce apoptosis, and is efficiently counterbalanced by activation of pro-survival proteins.

Published
2023
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8. Fast and non-destructive neutron activation analysis for simultaneous determination of TiO2 and SiO2 in sunscreens with attention to regulatory and research issues

Author

Enrico Sabbioni, Simone Manenti, Riccardo Magarini, Claudia Petrarca, Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma, Gloria Zaccariello, Michele Back, Alvise Benedetti, Mario Di Gioacchino, Elio Mignini, Giulio Pirotta, Renato Riscassi, Andrea Salvini, and Flavia Groppi

Subjects
Titanium, Titania, Mass spectrometry, Settore CHIM/07 - Fondamenti Chimici delle Tecnologie, Silica, Neutron activation analysis (NAA), Neutron Activation Analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Sunscreen, ICP-MS, Nanoparticles, Sunscreening Agents, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Settore CHIM/02 - Chimica Fisica
Published
2022

9. Fast and non-destructive neutron activation analysis for simultaneous determination of TiO

Author

Enrico, Sabbioni, Simone, Manenti, Riccardo, Magarini, Claudia, Petrarca, Anna Maria Giuseppina, Poma, Gloria, Zaccariello, Michele, Back, Alvise, Benedetti, Mario, Di Gioacchino, Elio, Mignini, Giulio, Pirotta, Renato, Riscassi, Andrea, Salvini, and Flavia, Groppi

Subjects
Titanium, Nanoparticles, Neutron Activation Analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Sunscreening Agents
Abstract

A new instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the simultaneous determination of titanium (TiO

Published
2021

10. Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO

Author

Luca, Di Giampaolo, Gloria, Zaccariello, Alvise, Benedetti, Giulia, Vecchiotti, Francesca, Caposano, Enrico, Sabbioni, Flavia, Groppi, Simone, Manenti, Qiao, Niu, Anna Maria Giuseppina, Poma, Mario, Di Gioacchino, and Claudia, Petrarca

Subjects
sunscreen, animal structures, immunotoxicity, cosmetic industry, nanoparticles, titanium oxide, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, sense organs, Article, cytokines, UV filter
Abstract

Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO2@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO2 NPs, based on several biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO2@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO2 NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. Results: All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO2 NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO2@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO2@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Conclusions: Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO2@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO2@MSN are imputable to both the TiO2 NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers.

Published
2020

11. Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO2@MSN) in Primary Peripheral Human Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)

Author

Di Giampaolo, Luca, primary, Zaccariello, Gloria, additional, Benedetti, Alvise, additional, Vecchiotti, Giulia, additional, Caposano, Francesca, additional, Sabbioni, Enrico, additional, Groppi, Flavia, additional, Manenti, Simone, additional, Niu, Qiao, additional, Poma, Anna Maria Giuseppina, additional, Di Gioacchino, Mario, additional, and Petrarca, Claudia, additional

Published
2021
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15. Genetica

Author

Binelli, Giorgio, Ghisotti, Daniela, Aceto, Serena, Acquati, Francesco, Bodega, Beatrice, Dolfini, Silvana, Fani, Renato, Galbiati, Massimo, Gianfranceschi, Luca, Marini, Federica, Nicolis, Silvia, Ottolenghi, Sergio, Pagani, Massimiliano, Pallavicini, Alberto, Poma, ANNA MARIA GIUSEPPINA, Anna, Maria, Russo, Antonella, Saccone, Giuseppe, and Saccone, Salvatore.

Published
2017

16. A. POMA, S. COLAFARINA ,O. ZARIVI , A. BONFIGLI, A. DI SERAFINO , M. GAMBACORTA, E. ARUFFO , L. ARRIZZA, P. DI CARLO Silica Nanoparticles and Ozone: an evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in an experimental model of indoor air FISV XIV Congress Rome Italy 20-23 Settembre 2016

Author

Poma, Anna Maria Giuseppina, Colafarina, Sabrina, Zarivi, Osvaldo, Bonfigli, Antonella, Serafino, A. DI, Gambacorta, M., Aruffo, Eleonora, Arrizza, Lorenzo, and Di Carlo, P.

Published
2016

29. Graphene oxide: from fundamentals to applications

Author

Ottaviano, L., Perrozzi, F., Donarelli, M., Prezioso, S., Stagnini, E., Santucci, S., Giancaterini, L., Cantalini, Carlo, DE MARZI, L., Poma, Anna Maria Giuseppina, De LAPUENTE, J., Borras, M., Treossi, E., and Palermo, V.

Published
2012

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