Search

Your search keyword '"Annand, E. J."' showing total 5 results
Start Over Author "Annand, E. J."
5 results on '"Annand, E. J."'

1. Novel Hendra Virus Variant Detected by Sentinel Surveillance of Horses in Australia

Author

Annand, E. J., Horsburgh, B. A., Xu, K., Reid, P. A., Poole, B., de Kantzow, M. C., Brown, N., Tweedie, A., Michie, M., Grewar, J. D., Jackson, A. E., Singanallur, N. B., Plain, K. M., Kim, K., Tachedjian, M., van der Heide, B., Crameri, S., Williams, D. T., Secombe, C., Laing, E. D., Sterling, S., Yan, L., Jackson, Louise A., Jones, C., Plowright, R. K., Peel, A. J., Breed, A. C., Diallo, I., Dhand, N. K., Britton, P. N., Broder, C. C., Smith, I., Eden, J. S., Annand, E. J., Horsburgh, B. A., Xu, K., Reid, P. A., Poole, B., de Kantzow, M. C., Brown, N., Tweedie, A., Michie, M., Grewar, J. D., Jackson, A. E., Singanallur, N. B., Plain, K. M., Kim, K., Tachedjian, M., van der Heide, B., Crameri, S., Williams, D. T., Secombe, C., Laing, E. D., Sterling, S., Yan, L., Jackson, Louise A., Jones, C., Plowright, R. K., Peel, A. J., Breed, A. C., Diallo, I., Dhand, N. K., Britton, P. N., Broder, C. C., Smith, I., and Eden, J. S.

Abstract

We identified and isolated a novel Hendra virus (HeV) variant not detected by routine testing from a horse in Queensland, Australia, that died from acute illness with signs consistent with HeV infection. Using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, we determined the variant had ≈83% nt identity with prototypic HeV. In silico and in vitro comparisons of the receptor-binding protein with prototypic HeV support that the human monoclonal antibody m102.4 used for postexposure prophylaxis and current equine vaccine will be effective against this variant. An updated quantitative PCR developed for routine surveillance resulted in subsequent case detection. Genetic sequence consistency with virus detected in grey-headed flying foxes suggests the variant circulates at least among this species. Studies are needed to determine infection kinetics, pathogenicity, reservoir-species associations, viral-host coevolution, and spillover dynamics for this virus. Surveillance and biosecurity practices should be updated to acknowledge HeV spillover risk across all regions frequented by flying foxes. © 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.

Published
2022

2. Investigation of the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccination on Thoroughbred racing performance.

Author

Schemann, K., Annand, E. J., Reid, P. A., Lenz, M. F., Thomson, P. C., and Dhand, N. K.

Subjects
*THOROUGHBRED horse, *HORSES, *VIRAL vaccines, *HORSE racing, *RACE horses, *VACCINATION
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccine on Thoroughbred racing performance. Design: Retrospective pre‐post intervention study. Methods: Thoroughbreds with at least one start at one of six major south‐eastern Queensland race tracks between 1 July 2012 and 31 December 2016 and with starts in the 3‐month periods before and after Hendra virus vaccinations were identified. Piecewise linear mixed models compared the trends in ‘Timeform rating’ and ‘margin to winner’ before and after initial Hendra virus vaccination. Generalised linear mixed models similarly compared the odds of ‘winning’, ‘placing’ (1st–3rd) and ‘winning any prize money’. Timeform rating trends were also compared before and after the second and subsequent vaccinations. Results: Analysis of data from 4208 race starts by 755 horses revealed no significant difference in performance in the 3 months before versus 3 months after initial Hendra vaccination for Timeform rating (P = 0.32), ‘Margin to winner’ (P = 0.45), prize money won (P = 0.25), wins (P = 0.64) or placings (P = 0.77). Further analysis for Timeform rating for 7844 race starts by 928 horses failed to identify any significant change in Timeform rating trends before versus after the second and subsequent vaccinations (P = 0.16) or any evidence of a cumulative effect for the number of vaccines received (P = 0.22). Conclusion: No evidence of an effect of Hendra virus vaccination on racing performance was found. The findings allow owners, trainers, industry regulators and animal health authorities to make informed decisions about vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. FATAL HENDRA VIRUS DISEASE IN A HORSE IN 2015 DUE TO A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNISED HENDRA VIRUS VARIANT ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE FLYING-FOX SPECIES.

Author

Annand, E. J., Horsburgh, B. A., Reid, P. A., Poole, B., Brown, N., de Kantzow, M. C., Xu, K., Tweedie, A., Michie, M., Grewar, J., Tachedjian, M., Jackson, A., Singanallur, N., Plain, K., Diallo, I., Jackson, L., Secombe, C., Laing, E. D., Sterling, S., and Yan, L .

Subjects
HORSES, EXTERNALITIES, FLYING foxes, VACCINES, GENOMES, BIOSECURITY
Abstract

Background Hendra virus (HeV) causes severe acute respiratory and encephalitic disease mediated by endothelial vasculitis in horses and humans. Sixty-three natural spillovers have been detected resulting in 105 horse deaths, seven human cases, and four human fatalities. Around 1000 horses are tested annually for HeV, mostly from regions within the ranges of the black flying-fox and the spectacled flying-fox, and less than 0.5% of these cases test positive. Causative diagnosis is rarely identified in the remaining cases, including those with high indications of an infectious cause. We hypothesised that some severe equine diseases consistent with HeV, but negative when tested, were due to infection with other paramyxoviruses spilling over from flying-foxes to horses, and plausibly posing zoonotic risks. Methods A biobank of samples from horses tested for HeV by the Queensland Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory was constructed and found to be negative. Subject, geographic, clinical and sample details and results were captured using a purpose-built, de-identified SQL database. Cases were classified via a syndromic disease decision algorithm according to likelihood of infectious cause to guide selection and processing for subsequent batched molecular and serological testing pathways that included meta-transcriptomic next-generation-sequencing (RNAseq-NGS) coupled with nested-conventionalPAN-Paramyxovirus RT-PCR screening and a 33-plex microsphere immuno-serological assay screening for both IgM and IgG against emerging infectious diseases. Results A previously unrecognised variant of HeV was detected in a case of acute severe disease in a 12-yearold Arabian gelding clinically indistinguishable to that caused by the prototypic HeV. The case, which occurred in September 2015 near Gympie in South-East Queensland, presented clinically with severely ‘injected’ mucous membranes, tachycardia (75 bpm), tachypnoea (60 bpm), rectal temperature of 38.0C, muscle fasciculations, head pressing and recumbency, with rapid deterioration over 24 hours resulting in euthanasia on humane grounds. A complete viral genome sequence was obtained by RNAseq-NGS from the blood sample. While the variant is sufficiently consistent in amino-acid sequence and protein structure to be of equivalent pathogenicity (mean 92.5% phenotypic consistency), it was sufficiently divergent in nucleotide sequence (82.9% genotypic similarity) to fail detection by standard molecular surveillance testing for HeV. Updated PCR approaches for routine use to detect both this variant and the formally-known HeV were developed, optimised and made available to state and national human and animal health laboratories. In-silico analysis of the variant’s receptor-binding protein (RBP or G glycoprotein), using established x-ray structures of the HeV RBP, revealed unaltered epitope structures relevant to the binding of both the Ephrin-B2 & -B3 virus entry receptors and the monoclonal antibody mAb 102.4 used as post-exposure prophylaxis in humans. These findings support the observed consistent pathogenicity and indicate that equivalent immune protection should be afforded by the Equivac® HeV vaccine against this variant. Comparison of a partial viral sequence identified from a grey-headed flying-fox from Adelaide in January 2013 and genomic sequence of this HeV variant (2015 horse) showed them to be >99% similar. Recommendations Equine veterinarians should consider HeV a differential diagnosis in unvaccinated horses anywhere in Australia where flying-foxes are present. Suspect diseased horses should be screened for this variant via routine state biosecurity HeV testing. Biosecurity recommendations should be updated to reflect the link between HeV variants and flying-fox populations while emphasising the protected status and importance of flying-foxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

4. Citizens' juries give verdict on whether private practice veterinarians should attend unvaccinated Hendra virus suspect horses.

Author

Annand EJ, Reid PA, Johnson J, Gilbert GL, Taylor M, Walsh M, Ward MP, Wilson A, and Degeling C

Subjects
Animals, Australia, Horses, Humans, Private Practice, Zoonoses, Hendra Virus, Henipavirus Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases, Veterinarians
Abstract

Background: Hendra virus (HeV) is endemic in Australian flying foxes, posing a threat to equine and human health. Equine vaccination remains the most effective risk mitigation strategy. Many horses remain unvaccinated - even in higher-risk regions. Debate surrounding the vaccine's use is characterised by conflicting perspectives, misunderstanding and mistrust. Private veterinary practitioners are critical to early identification of public health risk through recognition, sampling and management of suspect-equine-HeV-cases. However, managing such cases can be burdensome, with some veterinarians opting not to attend unvaccinated horses or to abandon equine practice because of risk posed by HeV disease and liability., Objective: Ascertain the perspectives of informed citizens on what obligations (if any) private veterinarians have to attend unvaccinated horses with HeV or HeV-like disease., Methods: Three citizens' juries were tasked with considering approaches to managing HeV risk in Australia, including (reported here) roles and obligations of private veterinarians in responding to HeV-suspect-cases., Results: Jurors acknowledged that HeV management posed an important challenge for private veterinarians. A clear majority (27 of 31 jurors) voted that veterinarians should not be obliged to attend unvaccinated horses. All recognised that greater support for veterinarians should be a priority., Conclusions: When informed of HeV risks and strategies for control and management, citizens appreciated the need to support veterinarians performing this critical 'One Health' role for public benefit. The current governance framework within which zoonotic disease recognition and response operates limits the contingency and scope for increasing support and efficacy of these important veterinary public health practices., (© 2020 Australian Veterinary Association.)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Clinical review of two fatal equine cases of infection with the insectivorous bat strain of Australian bat lyssavirus.

Author

Annand EJ and Reid PA

Subjects
Animals, DNA, Viral chemistry, DNA, Viral genetics, Fatal Outcome, Female, Histocytochemistry veterinary, Horses, Lyssavirus genetics, Male, Nervous System Diseases virology, Queensland, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Rhabdoviridae Infections virology, Horse Diseases virology, Lyssavirus isolation & purification, Nervous System Diseases veterinary, Rhabdoviridae Infections veterinary, Zoonoses virology
Abstract

Case Series: The first two confirmed cases of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection in horses are presented. Both cases occurred in the same week in May 2013 in paddock mates in south-east Queensland. Australia has been one of only a few countries considered free from rabies-like viruses in domestic animal species. ABLV infection had previously only been confirmed in bats and humans. All three confirmed human cases were fatal, the latest in February 2013. An additional human case of possible abortive infection in 1996 has also been reported. Both equine cases reported here resulted in euthanasia. The risks of infection across other mammalian species are still to be determined., Conclusions: These two equine cases highlight that ABLV should be considered as a differential diagnosis in animals with similar clinical presentations in Australia. There is a need for greater awareness regarding the zoonotic risk, use of personal protective equipment, pre- and post-exposure prophylactic measures and laboratory diagnostic options. The authors recommend ABLV testing for all Australian cases of progressive equine neurological disease., (© 2014 Australian Veterinary Association.)

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results