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Abstract: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms. This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer’s and anti-Parkinson’s activity of linalool and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds’ pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs. Methodology: Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds’ pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citron- ellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. Results: According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. Conclusion: The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the dis- ease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.

Introduction: Although drugs currently available for the treatment of anxiety and de-pression act through modulation of the neurotransmission systems involved in the neurobiology of the disorder, yet they often present side effects, which can impair patient adherence to treatment. Methods: This has driven the search for new molecules with anxiolytic and antidepressant potential. Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils, and their chemical constituents, such as monoterpenes, are being studied for these disorders. This study aims to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like potential of the monoterpene tetrahydrolinalool in in vivo animal models and review pharmacologi-cal targets with validation through molecular docking. Male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were treat-ed with THL (37.5-600 mg kg-1 p.o.) and submitted to the elevated plus maze, open field, rotarod, and forced swim tests. In the elevated plus-maze, THL at doses of 37.5 and 75 mg kg-1 induced a significant increase in the percentage of entries (72.7 and 64.3% respectively), and lengths of stay (80.3 and 76.8% respectively) in the open arms tests. Results: These doses did not compromise locomotor activity or motor coordination in the animals. In the open field, rotarod tests, and the forced swimming model, treatment with THL significantly reduced immobility times at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1, and by respective percentages of 69.3, 60.9 and 68.7%. Conclusion: In molecular docking assay, which investigated potential targets, THL presented satis-factory energy values for: nNOs, SGC, IL-6, 5-HT1A, NMDAr, and D1. These demonstrate the po-tential of THL (a derivative of natural origin) in in vivo and in silico models, making it a drug can-didate.

O Rio Tapajós é uma das maiores bacias hidrográficas da região Norte do país, e o crescimento populacional de algumas cidades amazônicas coloca em risco a qualidade das suas águas. A cidade de Santarém, no Oeste do Pará, é uma das maiores cidades paraenses e não tem uma rede de esgoto eficiente, logo boa parte do esgoto doméstico é lançado in natura em igarapés e no rio Tapajós, o que afeta diretamente a balneabilidade do rio, que é um dos destinos turísticos em ascensão no país, devido às praias de água doce, a qualidade do pescado, que é parte da dieta alimentar da região e pode ser um vetor de doenças, as quais podem aumentar os gastos com a saúde pública. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência antrópica no rio Tapajós foi realizada uma amostragem em seis pontos do rio na região conhecida como a orla da cidade. Foram analisados parâmetros físico-químicos, biológicos e nutrientes), Apesar de boa parte dos parâmetros estarem em conformidade com a CONAMA 357/05, os parâmetros biológicos foram acima do permitido para a classe II, indicando influência antrópica. Os dados apontaram que a presença de material particulado em suspensão (MPS), coliformes totais e fósforo inorgânico dissolvido (PID), sugerem aumento da degradação da qualidade da água. O estudo da queda na qualidade de água nos rios amazônicos é importante, pois a relação socioeconômica entre a população e os recursos hídricos é muito importante para a manutenção das funções ambientais, econômicas e sociais na região. The anthropic influence on the water quality of the Tapajós River, in the city of Santarém-PA A B S T R A C TThe Tapajós River is one of the largest hydrographic basins of the Northern region of the country, and the population growth of some Amazonian cities puts the quality of its waters at risk. The city of Santarém, in western Pará, is one of the largest cities in Pará and does not have an efficient sewage system, so much of the domestic sewage is released in natura into streams and the Tapajós River, which directly affects the balneability of the river, which is one of the tourist destinations on the rise in the country, due to its freshwater beaches, the quality of the fish, which is part of the diet of the region and can be a vector of diseases, which can increase spending on public health. To evaluate the anthropic influence on the Tapajós River, sampling was carried out at six points on the river in the region known as the city edge. Although most of the parameters complied with CONAMA 357/05, the biological parameters were above the permitted for class II, indicating anthropic influence. The data pointed out that the presence of suspended particulate matter (SPM), total coliforms, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), suggest increased degradation of water quality. The study of the decline in water quality in Amazonian rivers is important because the socioeconomic relationship between the population and water resources is very important for the maintenance of environmental, economic, and social functions in the region. Keywords: Tapajós River, sewage, inorganic phosphorus, suspended particulate matter

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015 Os peixes vivem todo o ciclo de vida na água e recebem a influência dos seus componentes físico-químicos e biológicos ao longo do tempo. As atividades de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e malato desidrogenase (MDH) de organismos aquáticos podem ser alteradas devido à presença de poluentes na água. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se as atividades de LDH e MDH nas brânquias e no fígado de Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari do rabo amarelo) podem ser utilizadas como biomarcadoras do impacto ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do rio Una (SP). Para isso, esses lambaris foram coletados em três corpos d'água dessa bacia, denominados p1 (rio Itaim), p2 (córrego à beira da Estrada Municipal de Remédios) e p3 (lago na Estrada Municipal Dr. José Luiz Cembranelli). As brânquias e o fígado foram homogeneizados e, a seguir, esse material foi centrifugado e o sobrenadante foi utilizado para determinação das atividades de LDH e MDH, através do método espectrofotométrico que determina a taxa de oxidação de NADH. As atividades de LDH e MDH no fígado e de MDH branquial não foram estatisticamente diferentes nos lambaris coletados nos três locais. No tecido branquial a atividade de LDH foi inferior nos peixes de p3 em relação aos de p1. Essa inibição da atividade de LDH, bem como a qualidade inferior da água nesse ponto, sugerem a ocorrência de poluentes nessa água. Conclui-se que LDH branquial de lambari possui potencial para utilização como marcador bioquímico de impacto ambiental no rio Una. Fish spend their whole life cycle in water and receive the influence of its physico-chemical and biological components over time. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of aquatic organisms can be altered by pollutants in the water. The aim of this study was to determine whether the activities of LDH and MDH in the gills and liver of Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari do rabo amarelo or Two Spots Astyanax in English), can be used as biomarkers of environmental impact in the Una River (SP) Basin. The lambaris for these studies were collected from three water bodies of this basin designated as p1 (Itaim River), p2 (stream by the road to the Municipality of Remédios) and p3 (lake on the road to the Municipality of Dr. José Luiz Cembranelli). The gills and liver were homogenized and this material was then centrifuged and the supernatant was used for LDH and MDH activity assays using the spectrophotometric method, which determined oxidation rate of NADH. The activities of hepatic LDH and MDH and gill MDH were not statistically different in the lambaris collected at the three sites. In the gill tissue, LDH activity of lambaris from p3 was lower than that from p1.This inhibition of LDH in lambaris from p3, as well as the inferior quality of water there, suggest the occurrence of pollutants in this water. It is concluded that the LDH of lambari gills has potential for use as a biochemical marker of environmental impact in the Una River. [Rodrigues Junior, Edson; Oliveira, Mariana Feijó de] Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Ribeiro, Anne Caroline; Batista, Maria Tereza Oliveira; Vani, Gannabathula Sree; Rodrigues, Edson; Suda, Cecilia Nahomi Kawagoe] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014 O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar respostas de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo no peixe de água doce Astyanax bimaculatus, coletado nos rios e corpos d'água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Una. Os peixes foram coletados com rede de pesca entre dezembro de 2013 e março de 2014, em três diferentes pontos da bacia: Fazenda Piloto (FP), Ipiranga (IP) e Remédios (RM). Análises físico-químicas das amostras de água nos pontos de coleta indicaram que IP e RM possivelmente apresentaram uma maior concentração de poluentes, naturais ou antrópicos, quando comparados ao FP. Portanto, FP pode ser considerado como o ponto menos impactado por poluentes em relação aos outros pontos. Níveis hepáticos de atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT) foram medidos nos espécimes. Os níveis de SOD foram reduzidos no RM, enquanto que eles foram aumentados em peixes coletados em IP. Os níveis de CAT nos peixes coletados em RM e IP foram 148,9% e 202,4% maiores do que os valores encontrados nos peixes do ponto FP, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que as enzimas antioxidantes podem ser usadas como biomarcadoras para mensurar os níveis de stress oxidativo causado pelos poluentes na bacia hidrográfica do rio Una. This paper seeks to identify the biomarker response to oxidative stress in Astyanax bimaculatus, a freshwater fish, collected from the Una River and its associated water bodies. The fish were collected using fishing nets at three different points on the river basin, namely Fazenda Piloto (FP), Ipiranga (IP) and Remédios (RM), during the period from December 2013 to March 2014. Physical and chemical analyses of the water at the sample locations indicate that IP and RM possibly have larger concentration of either natural or anthropic pollutants as compared to FP. FP can therefore be considered as the point less impacted by pollutants than other points. Hepatic activity of antioxidant stress enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were measured in the specimens. The levels of SOD were reduced at RM while they were elevated in fish collected at IP. The CAT levels for the fish at RM and IP were about 148.9% and 202.4% above the values at FP, respectively. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes could be used as biomarkers to measure oxidative stress caused by pollutants in the Una River Basin. [Rodrigues Junior, Edson; Feijó-Oliveira, Mariana] Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Batista, Maria Tereza Oliveira; Ribeiro, Anne Caroline; Rodrigues, Edson; Suda, Cecilia Nahomi Kawagoe; Vani, Gannabathula Sree] Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil