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Summary: Background: The latest guidelines propose a TcpO2 value of 30 mmHg to help to confirm the diagnosis of chronic limb threatening ischemia. However, placement of electrodes is not standardised. The relevance of an “angiosome-centred” approach for TcpO2 electrode positioning has never been evaluated. We therefore retrospectively analysed our TcpO2 results to study the impact of electrode placement on the different angiosomes of the foot. Patients and methods: Patients consulting the vascular medicine department laboratory for suspicion of CLTI using TcpO2 electrodes placement on the different angiosome arteries of the foot (first inter metatarsal space, lateral edge of the foot and plantar side of the foot) were included. As the mean intra-individual variation is reported to be 8 mmHg, a variation of mean TcpO2 for the 3 locations ≤8 mmHg was considered to be not clinically significant. Results: Thirty-four patients (34 ischemic legs) were analysed. The mean TcpO2 was higher at the lateral edge of the foot (55 mmHg) and plantar side of the foot (65 mmHg) than at the first intermetatarsal space (48 mmHg). There was no clinically significant variation of mean TcpO2 according to anterior/posterior tibial artery patency and fibular artery patency. This was present when stratifying on the number of patent arteries. Conclusions: The present study suggests that multi-electrode TcpO2 is not useful to assess tissue oxygenation in the different angiosomes of the foot to guide surgical decision; first intermetatarsal electrode alone would be preferred. TcpO2 seems rather to evaluate overall tissue oxygenation of the foot. Electrode location on the plantar side of the foot may overestimate results and lead to misinterpretation.

International audience; (1) Background: Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcpO(2)) is used to determine the severity of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Many authors used a ratio of limb to chest TcpO(2), also called the regional perfusion index (RPI), which should be independent of variations in oxygen delivery and reflective of local limb oxygen supply. The relevance of a reference probe-positioned TcpO(2) electrode is debated. We aimed to review the relevance of the reference probe in previous studies using rest TcpO(2). (2) Methods: We searched Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 22 September 2022 using keywords related to TcpO(2), reference probe and LEAD. (3) Results/Discussion: Fifteen studies were included in the review. Nine studies investigated LEAD severity (n = 9), amputation healing predication (n = 4), surgical outcome prediction (n = 2), therapeutic effect (n = 3) and difference according to diabetic status (n = 1). Four studies investigated more than 1 indication. Among 12 (16.7%) studies using RPI, only two authors found a benefit of using RPI instead of absolute TcpO(2). Using only univariate analysis, one author reported that RPI was significantly related to viability at 1 year, while distal TcpO(2) was not, on 13 limbs. The following year, the same author published a new study including 118 limbs that reported that RPI and absolute TcPO2 were both prognostic factors for limb viability at 1 year using a multivariate model. (4) Conclusions: Only one study firmly supporting the use of RPI, calculated using a reference probe on the arm, to predict BKA healing. Prospective studies are needed to validate this result; for other indications there is insufficient data supporting the use of a TcpO(2) reference probe at rest.

International audience

Several international guidelines concerning lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) have been published recently, in particular, by the American Heart Association the European Society of Cardiology/European Society for Vascular Surgery, the European Society for Vascular Medicine and the Society for Vascular Surgery. These guidelines differ in some respects and certain issues are not addressed. The objective of this consensus driven by the French Societies of vascular Medicine and surgery was to analyze the disparities between the different guidelines, as well as certain issues not covered, and develop proposals with regard to these points. The following fields of LEAD have been explored: 1) classifications, 2) clinical evaluation, 3) diagnostic criteria, 4) quantification of arterial stenosis using duplex ultrasound, 5) detection of asymptomatic multisite lesions, 6) screening for LEAD in the context of cardiac disease, 7) medical treatment, 8) supervised exercise therapy, 9) revascularization and revascularization of the internal artery stenosis, 10) management of chronic limb ischemia, 11) longitudinal follow-up, and 12) diet.

The present study aimed to assess whether high-risk American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-Physical Status was an independent risk factor for the development of surgical site infection (SSI) after infra-inguinal lower extremity bypass (LEB).The ASA-Physical Status Classification System assesses the overall physical status preoperatively. ASA-Physical Status is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, limited data are available on how ASA-Physical Status Class affects the development of SSI after infra-inguinal LEB.Patients who had undergone infra-inguinal LEB from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, for obliterative arteriopathy or popliteal aneurysm at our university hospital were included. SSI risk factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression. The length of hospital stay, major limb events (MALE), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality were compared for patients with SSI versus those without SSI 3 months and 1- year of follow-up after the index surgery.Among the 267 patients included, 30 (11.2%) developed SSI during the 3-month period and 32 (12%) at 1 year. ASA-Physical Status=3 [odds ratio (OR): 3.7, 95% confidence interval CI) 1.5-11.1], emergency surgery (OR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.0), general anesthesia (OR: 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.1), and procedure performed by a junior surgeon (OR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-6.0) were independently associated with SSI. At 3 months and 1 year, SSI was significantly associated with MALE (including surgical wound debridement, subsequent thrombectomy, major amputation), length of hospital stay, and all-cause mortality.The ASA-Physical Status should be considered in medical management when an infra-inguinal LEB is considered in frail patients, to prevent surgical complications.

BACKGROUND Nivolumab is a PD-1 inhibitor with known safety profile. An increase in mutations as we age is well documented in glioblastoma and other cancers. Higher mutational load is associated with increased response to nivolumab in extracranial malignancies. NUTMEG examined the activity of nivolumab added to temozolomide in glioblastoma patients aged ≥ 65 years. METHODS NUTMEG was an international multicenter phase II trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients aged ≥ 65 years, randomized 2:1 to experimental (40Gy/15 fractions with temozolomide 75mg/m2, then 6 cycles of temozolomide 150-200mg/m2 D1-5 Q28D + nivolumab 240mg D1,15 Q28D C1-4 and 480mg D1 Q28D C5-6) versus standard arm (40Gy/15 fractions with temozolomide 75mg/m2, then 6 cycles of temozolomide alone 150-200mg/m2 D1-5 Q28D), stratified by age, ECOG status, MGMT status and resection extent. RESULTS 103 patients were enrolled (69 in experimental arm, 34 in standard arm). Median age was 73 years, 36% ECOG 0, 57% MGMT-unmethylated and 51% gross macroscopic resection. Median follow-up is 31 months to date, with 77 deaths (surviving patients to continue follow-up and final results will be presented). Median overall survival was 11.8 months in the experimental arm versus 12.0 months in the standard arm (HR 0.95 95%CI 0.59-1.53 for experimental relative to control). Six-month progression-free survival rate using mRANO was 64% in the experimental arm versus 49% in the standard arm (HR 0.81 95%CI 0.51-1.26). Grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 46% of experimental arm (7% lung infection, 7% thromboembolic events, 6% fatigue, 6% muscle weakness) and in 29% of control arm (9% fatigue, 6% seizure, 6% thromboembolic events). CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence of clinical benefit with nivolumab in this population. No new safety signals were identified. Central imaging review is underway and correlative studies will characterize the immune landscape, including mutational load, neoantigen and other immune markers. NCT04195139.

Community health workers (CHWs) often represent the first point of contact for many individuals in low-income countries accessing health services. Unfortunately, due to the low quality of care, outcomes for many people are unpredictable. Although the causes for poor quality of care are multifaceted, one obvious cause is that many CHWs are undertrained. Given the scope of the problem and the lack of resources available to solve it, governments and donor organizations are looking at digital technologies to help address problems such as access to services, health worker training, and decision-making. Access to and understanding of educational content can be improved by combining classroom education with distance learning to create a blended learning approach. Furthermore, by integrating the educational experience offered to CHWs through technology with related support services such as data collection, logistics management and AI-based decision support, governments can compensate for the quality of care gap.

Background. College or university classroom simulations have the potential to create valuable educational outcomes that are difficult to achieve by other means. Personal resilience is one outcome that has achieved significant attention in the literature. Personal resilience is the ability to bounce back, learn from, and move forward after adverse experiences. Aim. This study posits that student personal resilience will increase following participation in university undergraduate management courses that use simulations that are grounded in a proposed teleological process model that includes six causal relationships. Method. Eighty-four students participated in either a Capstone strategy course using the Capsim simulation or a semester-long classroom as organization open simulation called XB that involved student management of all course aspects. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) survey instrument was used to measure personal resilience at both the beginning and end of each course. Results. In several cases, student personal resilience was significantly increased after courses utilizing simulations involving specific features. Conclusions. Participation in these kinds of experiences (with faculty support) may significantly increase levels of personal resilience among students. Recommendations. Simulations with the specified causal attributes might be used to foster student outcomes such as personal resilience, which typically are not a part of traditional course objectives.

International audience; The severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 pandemic is affecting almost every country in the world. Even if the major symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 are respiratory, different symptoms at presentation are now recognized. Venous thromboembolism has been reported in infected patients and few but increasing cases of arterial thrombosis have been described. We report a case of acute aortoiliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe coronavirus disease-2019 infection. The mechanism of the occlusion seemed to be distal embolization from a floating thrombus in the aortic arch caused by a major inflammatory state and virus infection. The patient underwent aortoiliac and lower limb artery mechanical thrombectomy, but required unilateral major amputation.

e18646 Background: With increasing focus on improving patient outcomes and decreasing narcotic use, healthcare has prioritized the use of multidisciplinary, multimodal, and evidence-based approaches to perioperative management through enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways. Currently, microsurgical breast reconstruction with or without concurrent mastectomy commonly may employ regional anesthesia in the preoperative and intraoperative techniques. To optimize perioperative analgesia, an ERAS protocol was piloted at a quaternary care academic center implementing a pre-operative anesthesia placed regional block with preference for anterior quadratum lumborum blocks. Methods: A total of 161 patients were enrolled in this single center Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) project. The project consisted of 72 baseline, 20 pilot, and 69 after pilot patients who underwent unilateral (n = 65) or bilateral (n = 96) deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction either immediately (n = 87) or delayed (n = 74) after mastectomy. In the 20 CQI pilot group, anesthesiologists pre-operatively placed bilateral anterior quadratus lumborum blocks (aQLB) under direct ultrasound guidance. After positively observed metrics, the official ERAS pathway was implemented into clinical practice, allowing for subsequent accrual of 69 additional patients. We compared this after pilot group to 72 baseline patients who underwent a surgeon-placed intraoperative transversus abdominus plane (TAP) block using liposomal bupivacaine. Statistics data was tracked using a dedicated clinical EMR dashboard. Baseline patients were matched to the after pilot cohort based on laterality and timing of DIEP flap reconstruction. Results: The ERAS pathway with anesthesia-placed aQLB was associated with lower post-operative daily opioid consumption from 27.2 MME to 10.2 MME. Average pain scores, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, as well as re-admissions and complications were not statistically different before and after the implementation of the ERAS pathway. Conclusions: Anesthesia placed pre-operative aQLB is a safe and effective opioid-reducing pain control modality for DIEP flap reconstruction with or without mastectomy. Prospective and controlled studies will be important for the precise impacts of aQLB in DIEP procedures in an ERAS protocol.[Table: see text]

Background This is a retrospective review of synovial sarcoma (SS) patients treated over the last 12 years in Western Australia (WA). SS is both chemo and radiotherapy sensitive. Results of trials in adjuvant chemotherapy are conflicting and there is limited support for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of combined chemoradiotherapy is based on institutional preferences. Aim We reviewed the outcomes for SS patients treated in WA over a 12 year period focusing on patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). Methods Patient details including demographics, histopathology, treatment details, were obtained from the WA sarcoma database (2006‐2018). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were derived for whole cohort. Results Twenty seven patients were identified with SS with equal gender incidence. Median age of the cohort was 36 (14‐76) years. The most common primary site of disease was extremity (81.5%). 22/27 patients presented with only localized disease and 59.2% of these received neo‐adjuvant treatment. Of those who received neoadjuvant treatment, 56.2% had NACRT, while 25.0% and 18.7% of patients had chemotherapy and radiotherapy respectively. Mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (MAID) was the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment while ifosfamide (93.7%) was the most commonly used chemotherapy drug in any setting. There was no reported case of disease progression in group of patients who received NACRT apart from one patient who had oligometastatic disease at diagnosis. Median OS of the whole cohort was 38 months while median PFS was 24 months. Bone marrow toxicity was the most commonly reported high grade toxicity in NACRT group (55.5%) but there were no treatment related deaths. Conclusion NACRT is not widely adopted and treatment is based on institutional preferences, however our data shows that NACRT is a feasible therapy option. NACRT should be evaluated prospectively in a randomized trial.

International audience; Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are characterised by several risk factors, such as inflammation, neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH). Vulnerable plaques can lead to ischemic events such as stroke. Many studies reported a relationship between IPH, plaque rupture, and ischemic stroke. Histology is the gold standard to evaluate IPH, but it required carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery to collect the tissue sample. In this context, several imaging methods can be used as a non-invasive way to evaluate plaque vulnerability and detect IPH. Most imaging studies showed that IPH is associated with plaque vulnerability and stroke, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most sensitive and specific to detect IPH as a predictor of ischemic events. These conclusions are however still debated because of the limited number of patients included in these studies; further studies are required to better assess risks associated with different IPH stages. Moreover, IPH is implicated in plaque vulnerability with other risk factors which need to be considered to predict ischemic risk. In addition, MRI sequences standardization is required to compare results from different studies and agree on biomarkers that need to be considered to predict plaque rupture. In these circumstances, IPH detection by MRI could be an efficient clinical method to predict stroke. The goal of this review article is to first describe the pathophysiological process responsible for IPH, its histological detection in carotid plaques and its correlation with plaque rupture. The second part will discuss the benefits and limitations of imaging the carotid plaque, and finally the clinical interest of imaging IPH to predict plaque rupture, focusing on MRI-IPH.

Background All patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LE-PAD) should benefit from recommended pharmacologic therapies including antiplatelet agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins). In the present study, this triple therapy was defined as the best medical treatment. This study was designed to determine the current risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality and also to evaluate the effect of pharmacologic treatment on patient's survival, CV events, and additional vascular surgery in vascularized LE-PAD patients. This observational, cohort study analyzed prospectively collected data of 140 consecutive patients after hospitalization for LE-PAD revascularization in the vascular surgery department of our university hospital, between January 1 and June 30, 2013. Methods Data from guideline-recommended classes of medications (ACE, ARB, statins, and antiplatelet agents or anticoagulation) were collected at the time of discharge to hospitalization and at the end of the follow-up. Information about mortality, CV events, and additional vascular surgery was collected during follow-up. Results The mean follow-up of patients was 41 months. Mortality and CV events concerned 24% and 12% of the patients, respectively, and additional vascular surgery was performed in 33% of the patients. There was no difference in mortality and CV event rates according to pharmacologic treatment. Additional vascular surgery rate of LE-PAD patients with best medical treatment tended to be lower than without (incidence rate ratio = 0.5777; 95% confidence interval, 0.3101–1.06; P = 0.08). Best medical treatment was prescribed in 54% of patients at discharge of hospitalization. This proportion (54%) was statistically unchanged at the end of follow-up. Conclusions In this small cohort, we failed to show that best medical treatment decreased mortality or CV event rates, but it tended to be associated with decreased additional vascular surgery rate. Further studies taking into consideration the control of CV risk factors could be interesting to demonstrate better outcome from LE-PAD patients with best medical treatment compared with LE-PAD patients without. There is an urgent need for a more effective implementation of currently recommended medication and a continued search after more effective pharmacologic treatment options in LE-PAD.

Digital health interventions have the potential to improve the health workforce by supporting training, supervision, and communication. More evidence is needed on the effectiveness of interventions implemented at scale, including the return on investment, the effect of government and donor policies on scale up, and the role of the private sector., The collection of journal articles, systematic reviews, and reports published over the last decade that attest to the potential of digital technologies to achieve health workforce improvements across all aspects of the health system is vast. As a capacity-building mechanism, digital technology has potential for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to support development of the health workforce, including those health workers based in remote or rural areas, to train, motivate, support, monitor, and pay them. The purpose of this scoping review to present, at a high level, the state of the evidence and best practices in digital strategies for human resources for health and to propose a roadmap for a research agenda to fill identified gaps in the evidence. A variety of peer-reviewed and gray literature sources were searched using selected key terms related to digital health and health workforce, limited to materials published from 2010 to 2018. More than 70 articles, reports, and blog posts were reviewed, with in-depth analysis of 29 articles. Findings show that a range of digital health solutions for health workforce development have been tested and used, such as for health worker training, provider-to-provider communication and professional networking, and supervision of and performance feedback to health workers. There is some evidence of improved efficiency and effectiveness, at least at the level of pilots or small-scale projects. There is, however, a growing urgency in global health to move beyond small-scale demonstration projects and to define the capital and recurring costs of implementation and scale up of digital health interventions, including the return on investment. The next frontier is to select, adapt, and implement at scale those digital health interventions for health worker development and management found to be most promising.

The maximum diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a key quantification parameter for disease assessment. Although it is routinely measured on 2D-ultrasound images, using a volumetric approach is expected to improve measurement reproducibility. In this work, 3D-ultrasound or computed tomography imaging of patients with AAA was combined with a minimally interactive 3D segmentation based on implicit template deformation. Segmentation usability and reproducibility were evaluated on 81 patients, showing a mean measurement time of [2;8]min per case, and Dice coefficients of 0.87±0.12 for 3D-US and 0.81±0.08 for CT. Quantification parameters included a diameter measurement from 3D-US and CT volumes with respective confidence intervals of 0.51 [-2.5;3.52]mm and 1.00 [-1.68;3.67]mm. Additional volume measurements showed confidence intervals of 0.91 [-4.17;5.99]ml for 3D-US and 4.10 [-4.11;12.30]ml for CT.

In this paper, a flow estimation method based on transverse oscillation is applied, in high frame rate conditions, to the data collected using a convex array. All simulations were based on the transmission of the "natural" diverging wave due to the convex geometry of the probe when all elements are simultaneously excited. Transverse oscillation was introduced in the tangential direction in post-acquisition in the Fourier domain. Finally, 2D velocity vectors were extracted thanks to a phase-based estimator. Velocities were estimated with a bias of 8% of the peak velocity and a standard deviation lower than 7 %. The method is now ready for experimental tests on flow phantoms and in vivo studies.

International audience; Introduction In lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), transcutaneous oximetry at exercise (Ex-TcpO2) has been largely validated in research practice, but evidence of routine practice in various vascular laboratories is missing. We hypothesized that Ex-TcPO2 would change the diagnosis hypotheses, investigations and treatments for patients referred for exertional limb pain. Material and methods A multicenter prospective trial was conducted in nine different referral centers. Investigators performed Ex-TcpO2 and recorded investigations and treatments already scheduled for the patient. We encoded referral physician's diagnostic hypothesis. Before Ex-TcpO2, vascular physicians were asked to give their diagnosis hypotheses. A minimal decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROP) < minus 15 mm Hg defined the presence of exercise-induced ischemia on the area of interest. After Ex-TcPO2, we recorded post-test diagnostic hypothesis and investigations and treatments to be cancelled or performed. We compared the diagnosis hypotheses, scheduled investigations and treatments, before and after the Ex-TcpO2. Results We included 603 patients (485 males 80.4%), aged 64.7 +/- 9.8 years. The post-test diagnosis hypothesis differed in 266 patients (44.1%; p < 0.0001) and in 96 patients (15.9%) from the pre-test hypothesis of referring and vascular physician, respectively. This led to the recommendation to cancel 27 scheduled investigations or treatments of a total cost of --130,000 euros. Discussion Ex-TcPO2 in patients with exertional limb pain is applicable in various vascular institutions, and significantly modifies the diagnostic hypotheses and impacts scheduled investigations or treatments of patients with exertional limb pain.

A phenomenological approach to disability was utilised examining the ethical consideration attached to “quality of life” present within the UK Churches emplaced disability narratives captured from local and national leaders alongside specialists interests in disability. These acknowledged the significance of the human body's materiality. Ethical depictions of people living with impairments heralded from a utilitarian perspective, dominantly ableist. The disabled community was considered detached from humanity, their lives assumed to be “difficult” and “worthless” inhibiting their full spiritual potential and in some instances advocated for some lives to be terminated. These essentialist assumptions cast disabled people as the “other” and related socio-symbolic dialogues were diminished. Many felt the disabled communities were outside Churches' core concerns. An alternative minority perspective the “pluralist (relational)” argument challenged institutional ableism. The plurality of humanity was acknowledge...

The aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a family carer intervention for carers of patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). The intervention consisted of: (1) an initial telephone assessment of carer needs; (2) a personalised tabbed resource file; (3) nurse-led home visit; and (4) ongoing telephone support. Two consumer representatives reviewed the intervention resources. The intervention was then piloted with participants who were the primary carer for patients undergoing treatment for HGG in Western Australia. Two consumers provided feedback on the resource, and 10 carers participated in the pilot. Positive feedback was received about the resource manual and intervention. Suggestions were also made for changes which were implemented into the trial. The surveys were shortened based on feedback. Participants identified a large range of issues during nursing assessments which would not otherwise be identified or addressed for carers receiving routine care. As a result of providing the intervention, the nurse was able to make referrals to address needs that were identified. This pilot study enabled us to refine and test the Care-IS intervention and test the feasibility and acceptability of proposed survey instruments. We were also able to estimate recruitment and retention and the overall study timeline required for the randomised controlled trial we are now conducting. It has also demonstrated the role of the nurse who delivered the intervention and allowed us to refine communication and referral pathways.

Rupture of a chronic thrombosed or excluded popliteal arterial aneurysm is rare, but has been previously reported in the literature. The management of a ruptured thrombosed popliteal aneurysm, in a context of chronic limb ischemia, raises the problem of latent ischemia and its outcome. In this case report, we present the first case of a ruptured thrombosed popliteal aneurysm in a patient presenting chronic ischemia.

SUMMARY Decisions about systemic treatment options for non-small-cell lung cancer are becoming increasingly complex for both patients and clinicians, and involve trade-offs between the benefits, harms and inconveniences of treatments. These trade-offs result in an individual’s (e.g., a patient or clinician) preference for a treatment. Optimal clinical decision-making about an individual’s cancer treatment is ideally shared between the patient and their clinician(s), but this requires clinicians to understand their patient’s preferences, as well as their own. Patients’ preferences for chemotherapy often differ from those of clinicians’, with patients generally needing smaller survival benefits, or accepting more toxicity, to make chemotherapy worthwhile. This review summarizes and compares recent studies of patients’ and clinicians’ preferences for chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer, to help clinicians and their patients make more informed and patient-centered decisions about chemotherapy.

Surgery is a fundamental part of the treatment paradigm for malignant brain tumors as a more complete resection is associated with improved outcomes. Effective surgical strategies, whether aimed at resection or at establishing a diagnosis with biopsy, require an excellent understanding of the anatomical location of the tumor relative to the brain and its important neurovascular structures. This relationship can evolve continuously during surgery rendering preoperative imaging largely inaccurate. Thus, intraoperative imaging, such as intraoperative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, when coupled with stereotactic neuronavigation, can provide more precise and current information for the surgeon in an effort to enhance the success and safety of surgery for malignant brain tumors. Moreover, intraoperative angiography, when appropriate, can be another useful adjunct for particularly vascular malignant brain tumors.

International audience; Early detection of cardiovascular diseases can be done by assessing the dynamic properties of arteries. In this study, two phenomena related to the carotid wall motion are presented. The 2D motion estimation method employs (i) ultrafast imaging which became a world-wide use modality, (ii) transverse oscillations technics which allow improving the motion estimation in transverse direction i.e. perpendicular to the beam, and (iii) a 2D phase shift estimator. First, using only the radial acceleration wall, the Wall Spatial Periodic Ripples (WSPR) is studied under a cold pressor test. The results show that the WSPR mean maximum amplitude decreased of 22.9% at the systolic wave and 33.2% at the dicrotic notch. So, the WSPR is a possible artery wall rigidity marker. Then, using a very high frame rate imaging, the longitudinal carotid wall motion of one healthy subject is studied. This second experimentation permits to estimate the propagation of a longitudinal motion on an in vivo carotid. Its mean velocity was evaluated at 16.1 m.s-1, which given a ratio of 3 between with the estimated PWV.

Background All patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LE-PAD) should benefit from recommended pharmacologic therapies including antiplatelet agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). In the present study, this triple therapy was defined as the best medical treatment. This study was designed to determine the number of patients who received best medical treatment at admission and at discharge from a vascular surgery department. We also examined the number of patients who received adapted medical treatment and every pharmacologic class separately. Finally, we investigated whether there were differences in prescribing rates according to patient characteristics and cardiovascular history, clinical grade of LE-PAD, and the type of surgery practiced. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective chart analysis of 140 consecutive patients admitted to the vascular surgery department of our university hospital, between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2013. To be included, patients required a vascular surgery for peripheral arterial disease with atherosclerosis. Data from guideline-recommended classes of medications (antiplatelet agents, ACE, ARBs, and statins) at the time of admission and discharge were collected and compared. Results Best medical treatment was prescribed in 44% patients before hospital admission and in 50% at discharge ( P = 0.10). Before hospital admission, 84% of patients had antiplatelet therapy compared with 96% at discharge ( P = 0.0004); 73% had a statin, compared with 83% at discharge ( P = 0.001); 64% had an ACE inhibitor or ARB, compared with 63% at the time of discharge ( P = 1).The proportion of patients receiving best medical treatment at admission and discharge increased in case of coronary artery disease ( P = 0.004). There was no difference in prescriptions of best medical treatment and best or adapted treatments at admission and discharge according to the severity of LE-PAD or type of revascularization. Conclusions Admission to a vascular department significantly increased the rate of prescription of antiplatelet and statin therapy, but no significant improvement was achieved for the prescription of best medical treatment and best or adapted treatments.