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Cet article a pour objectif de definir la litteratie des enseignants de langue de specialite au sein du champ conceptuel des New Literacy Studies, a la croisee entre savoir savant et savoir pratique. La premiere partie sera consacree a l’analyse du concept de litteratie enseignante et de ses conditions d’emergence dans le champ de l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues a des publics de non-specialistes. La deuxieme partie explorera la question de la constitution d’un savoir litteratique et didactique « emprunte » au domaine de specialite dans lequel interviennent les enseignants de langue de specialite, fonde en partie sur un deficit de savoir dans la thematique dominante de la formation dans laquelle ils enseignent. Enfin, ce concept sera illustre en particulier par l’anglais des sciences dans l’enseignement superieur francais, qui invite l’enseignant de langue de specialite a repenser sa mission comme intrinsequement interdisciplinaire, entre la langue etrangere et le domaine thematique, mais aussi interculturelle et interactive, symbolisee par le concept de Common Knowledge qui fonctionne comme un espace de dialogue entre enseignant et etudiants.

The BA.1 sub-lineage of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, first detected in the UK in mid-November 2021, rapidly became the dominant strain partly due to reduced vaccine effectiveness. An increase in a second Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 was observed in early January 2022. In this study we use a test-negative case control study design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease with BA.1 and BA.2 after one or two doses of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S or mRNA-1273, and after booster doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 during a period of co-circulation. Overall, there was no evidence that vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease is reduced following infection with the BA.2 sub-lineage as compared to BA.1. Furthermore, similar rates of waning were observed after the second and booster dose for each sub-lineage. These data provide reassuring evidence of the effectiveness of the vaccines currently in use against symptomatic disease caused by BA.2.

When SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emerged in 2021, S gene target failure enabled differentiation between Omicron and the dominant Delta variant. In England, where S gene target surveillance (SGTS) was already established, this led to rapid identification (within ca 3 days of sample collection) of possible Omicron cases, alongside real-time surveillance and modelling of Omicron growth. SGTS was key to public health action (including case identification and incident management), and we share applied insights on how and when to use SGTS.

BACKGROUND: A rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases due to the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in highly vaccinated populations has aroused concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines. METHODS: We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated after primary immunization with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine and after a booster dose of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or mRNA-1273. RESULTS: Between November 27, 2021, and January 12, 2022, a total of 886,774 eligible persons infected with the omicron variant, 204,154 eligible persons infected with the delta variant, and 1,572,621 eligible test-negative controls were identified. At all time points investigated and for all combinations of primary course and booster vaccines, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease was higher for the delta variant than for the omicron variant. No effect against the omicron variant was noted from 20 weeks after two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 doses, whereas vaccine effectiveness after two BNT162b2 doses was 65.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.9 to 67.0) at 2 to 4 weeks, dropping to 8.8% (95% CI, 7.0 to 10.5) at 25 or more weeks. Among ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 62.4% (95% CI, 61.8 to 63.0) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before decreasing to 39.6% (95% CI, 38.0 to 41.1) at 10 or more weeks. Among BNT162b2 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 67.2% (95% CI, 66.5 to 67.8) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before declining to 45.7% (95% CI, 44.7 to 46.7) at 10 or more weeks. Vaccine effectiveness after a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course increased to 70.1% (95% CI, 69.5 to 70.7) at 2 to 4 weeks after an mRNA-1273 booster and decreased to 60.9% (95% CI, 59.7 to 62.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. After a BNT162b2 primary course, the mRNA-1273 booster increased vaccine effectiveness to 73.9% (95% CI, 73.1 to 74.6) at 2 to 4 weeks; vaccine effectiveness fell to 64.4% (95% CI, 62.6 to 66.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Primary immunization with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine provided limited protection against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron variant. A BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster after either the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 primary course substantially increased protection, but that protection waned over time. (Funded by the U.K. Health Security Agency.).

BackgroundA rapid increase in cases due to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in highly vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines.MethodsWe used a test-negative case-control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic disease caused by the Omicron and Delta variants in England. VE was calculated after primary immunisation with two BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 doses, and at 2+ weeks following a BNT162b2 booster.ResultsBetween 27 November and 06 December 2021, 581 and 56,439 eligible Omicron and Delta cases respectively were identified. There were 130,867 eligible test-negative controls. There was no effect against Omicron from 15 weeks after two ChAdOx1 doses, while VE after two BNT162b2 doses was 88.0% (95%CI: 65.9 to 95.8%) 2-9 weeks after dose 2, dropping to between 34 and 37% from 15 weeks post dose 2.From two weeks after a BNT162b2 booster, VE increased to 71.4% (95%CI: 41.8 to 86.0%) for ChAdOx1 primary course recipients and 75.5% (95%CI: 56.1 to 86.3%) for BNT162b2 primary course recipients.For cases with Delta, VE was 41.8% (95%CI: 39.4-44.1%) at 25+ weeks after two ChAdOx1 doses, increasing to 93.8% (95%CI: 93.2-94.3%) after a BNT162b2 booster. With a BNT162b2 primary course, VE was 63.5% (95%CI: 61.4 to 65.5%) 25+ weeks after dose 2, increasing to 92.6% (95%CI: 92.0-93.1%) two weeks after the booster.ConclusionsPrimary immunisation with two BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 doses provided no or limited protection against symptomatic disease with the Omicron variant. Boosting with BNT162b2 following either primary course significantly increased protection.

Within our hospice we have a team of four senior nurses working as Non-Medical Prescribers (NMP). The role was being developed prior to the pandemic, however, was initiated during lockdown when some of the medical team were shielding. With the doctors now fully available the aim is still to bridge the gaps in medical cover such as extended hours over the weekends and to facilitate annual leave/training or cover sickness. We also work to support the nursing team for training, medication queries and as a mediator for discussions with the medical team, where needed. We work to assist with discharge planning, external referrals, gathering information and equipment loans. We work to support all areas of the hospice as part of the multi-disciplinary team including adult inpatient unit, wellbeing centre, out-of-hours advice line, accepting referrals at weekends and palliative care support workers. Moving forward the hope is to expand the nurse-led clinics that are supported by the NMP role. We currently run a ‘Looking forward’ clinic for patients with liver disease and plan to offer similar clinics for cardiac and respiratory diseases. As we are able to open up our services further we plan to reinstate access to the Wellbeing Centre for patient assessments such as complex symptom management and discharge follow ups. As advanced practitioners we have an awareness of our own limitations, and each of us has our own experience and expertise from previous roles, which brings value to the team as a whole. It is still a developing role and we are one of the few hospices to have a NMP team in post. With good communication, a broad skill mix, regular sharing of opinions and ongoing education this helps us to be an effective service for supporting all areas of the hospice.

In low-incidence countries, tuberculosis mainly affects migrants, mostly resulting from reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) acquired in high-incidence countries before migration. A nationwide primary care-based LTBI testing and treatment programme for migrants from high-incidence countries was therefore established in high tuberculosis incidence areas in England. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of this programme.We did a retrospective, population-based cohort study of migrants who registered in primary care between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2018, in 55 high-burden areas with programmatic LTBI testing and treatment. Eligible individuals were aged 16-35 years, born in a high-incidence country, and had entered England in the past 5 years. Individuals who tested interferon-γ release assay (IGRA)-negative were advised about symptoms of tuberculosis, whereas those who tested IGRA-positive were clinically assessed to rule out active tuberculosis and offered preventive therapy. The primary outcome was incident tuberculosis notified to the national Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system.Our cohort comprised 368 097 eligible individuals who had registered in primary care, of whom 37 268 (10·1%) were tested by the programme. 1446 incident cases of tuberculosis were identified: 166 cases in individuals who had IGRA testing (incidence 204 cases [95% CI 176-238] per 100 000 person-years) and 1280 in individuals without IGRA testing (82 cases [77-86] per 100 000 person-years). Overall, in our primary analysis including all diagnosed tuberculosis cases, a time-varying association was identified between LTBI testing and treatment and lower risk of incident tuberculosis (hazard ratio [HR] 0·76 [95% CI 0·63-0·91]) when compared with no testing. In stratified analysis by follow-up period, the intervention was associated with higher risk of tuberculosis diagnosis during the first 6 months of follow-up (9·93 [7·63-12·9) and a lower risk after 6 months (0·57 [0·41-0·79]). IGRA-positive individuals had higher risk of tuberculosis diagnosis than IGRA-negative individuals (31·9 [20·4-49·8]). Of 37 268 migrants who were tested, 6640 (17·8%) were IGRA-positive, of whom 1740 (26·2%) started preventive treatment. LTBI treatment lowered the risk of tuberculosis: of 135 incident cases in the IGRA-positive cohort, seven cases were diagnosed in the treated group (1·87 cases [95% CI 0·89-3·93] per 1000 person-years) and 128 cases were diagnosed in the untreated group (10·9 cases [9·16-12·9] per 1000 person-years; HR 0·14 [95% CI 0·06-0·32]).A low proportion of eligible migrants were tested by the programme and a small proportion of those testing positive started treatment. Despite this, programmatic LTBI testing and treatment of individuals migrating to a low-incidence region is effective at diagnosing active tuberculosis earlier and lowers the long-term risk of progression to tuberculosis. Increasing programme participation and treatment rates for those testing positive could substantially impact national tuberculosis incidence.National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections.

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types., Graphical abstract, D’Antonio et al. characterize associations between GWAS signals for COVID-19 disease and eQTLs in 69 human tissues to identify causal variants and their underlying molecular mechanisms. They show that diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 are associated with variants affecting gene expression in a wide variety of tissues.

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate completeness and timeliness of the rapidly developed surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in England using patient-level data. Study design This is an observational study wherein public health surveillance systems are evaluated. Methods Data were collected in the Public Health England's Second-Generation Surveillance System through routine laboratory reporting processes, as well as via enhanced testing in collaboration with commercial partners. Three periods were chosen to present developments in disease surveillance around the first pandemic wave in England. Completeness of valid entries for key demographic and epidemiological fields was summarised. Timeliness was assessed using recorded date intervals: from sample collection to the laboratory reporting a positive result, the positive result being received by the national surveillance system and the data being available for epidemiological analysis. Results In each period, demographic variables were more than 95% complete and enhanced ethnicity more than 85%, allowing a rich understanding of the general characteristics of COVID-19 cases in England. The proportion of cases completing all reporting stages of the national system within 3 days of when the specimen was taken increased from 69.1% in period 1 to 76.6% in period 3. In period 3, the median number of days to complete all reporting stages decreased to 2, from 3 in previous periods. Analysis of each reporting stage offers suggestive evidence that timeliness of the system has improved as reporting has become established over time. Conclusions Timely processing of data for epidemiological use was consistent and rapid once received by the national system. Delays in timeliness were most likely to occur in the first stage of the reporting process, before laboratory input to the surveillance platform. Existing national surveillance mechanisms enhanced during the response have succeeded in providing rapid collection and reporting of case data to facilitate epidemiological monitoring and analysis and guide public health policy and strategy.

The purpose of this contribution is to provide an insight into the semantics of the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution as interpreted by the US Supreme Court, how it has been submitted to the vagaries of context and opinions, as the Justices are speakers of the language of law. Legal interpretation will be approached in Part 1 via the exploration of “grammar” and “rules” that have produced contrasted and sometimes ambiguous results as expressed in the Court’s decisions, following Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of the “language game.” Such a notion can be seen as the substance that shapes the identity and the memory of groups that have been differently affected by legal decisions. Part 2 will show how the constitutional clause is structured in relation to its meaning and its complex relation with time, as defined by French philosopher Paul Ricœur. Conversely, claiming that society exerts some influence on the law is equally valid. Part 3 will address the question raised by Thomas Nagel, whether a law that gives “equal opportunities” to a group by means of “preferential treatment” is compatible with justice. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser le sémantisme de la Clause d’Égale Protection du 14ème Amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis selon l’interprétation qu’en donne la Cour Suprême en montrant combien cette interprétation a varié selon le contexte historique et les jugements (opinions) des juges, dépositaires du langage du droit. La première partie sera consacrée à la manière dont l’interprétation en droit a fourni des résultats contrastés et divers grâce à l’étude de sa « grammaire » et de ses « règles » en s’appuyant sur l'analyse du concept wittgensteinien de « jeu de langage ». On peut voir dans cette notion l’ingrédient central qui a forgé l’identité et la mémoire collective de groupes d’individus affectés de différentes façons par les décisions de justice en matière d’égale protection. La deuxième partie s’attachera à montrer que le sens de la clause constitutionnelle est intimement lié aux différentes perceptions subjectives du temps et de la mémoire historiques, tels que ces notions sont définies par Paul Ricœur. A l’inverse, il est tout aussi vrai que la société exerce une très forte influence sur le droit et la loi. C’est ainsi que la troisième partie tentera de répondre à la question, soulevée par Thomas Nagel, de savoir si des mesures de « discrimination positive » sont compatibles avec la notion de justice.

UK Biobank is an international health resource enabling research into the genetic and lifestyle determinants of common diseases of middle and older age. It comprises 500,000 participants. Public Health England’s Second Generation Surveillance System is a centralized microbiology database covering English clinical diagnostics laboratories that provides national surveillance of legally notifiable infections, bacterial isolations and antimicrobial resistance. We previously developed secure, anonymized, individual-level linkage of these systems. In this study, we implemented rapid dynamic linkage, which allows us to provide a regular feed of new COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) test results to UK Biobank to facilitate rapid and urgent research into the epidemiological and human genetic risk factors for severe infection in the cohort. Here, we have characterized the first 678 cases of COVID-19 in UKB participants, of whom 552 met our working definition of severe COVID-19 as inpatients hospitalized on or after 16 March 2020. We found that the incidence of severe COVID-19 among UKB cases was 27.1% lower than the general population in England, although this difference varied significantly by age and sex. The total number of UKB cases comprised could be estimated as 0.9% of the publicly announced number of cases in England. We considered how increasing case numbers will affect the power of genome-wide association studies. This new dynamic linkage system has further potential to facilitate the investigation of other infections and the prospective collection of microbiological cultures to create a microbiological biobank (‘bugbank’) for studying the interaction of environment, human and microbial genetics on infection in the UK Biobank cohort.

Toute langue étrangère nous apparaît dans sa différence et sa singularité, notions rassemblées dans le concept de Verschiedenheit (« différence »), du linguiste allemand Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). Alors que, de nos jours, croît la demande en formations internationalisantes, comment un tel concept serait-il à même de permettre aux didacticiens des langues de spécialité de répondre aux futurs besoins professionnels des étudiants tout en défendant un apprentissage humaniste de la langue ? La présente contribution analysera tout d’abord la genèse de ce concept-outil dans les écrits de Humboldt pour montrer ensuite comment la différence singulière des langues peut devenir un outil didactique qui introduit l’interculturalité à partir de la langue seconde elle-même. Enfin, nous verrons qu’elle favorise aussi le rapprochement des langues premières et secondes par le recours à la méthode pédagogique de type comparatiste, qui fera l’objet de la dernière section. Any foreign language appears to us as both different and unique, two features encapsulated in the word Verschiedenheit (“difference”) a central concept in the writings of German philologist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). With a growing demand for internationalising curricula, how could such a concept be used by didacticians of specialised languages to respond to the students’future professional needs while promoting a humanistic approach to language learning? The present contribution will first describe the origin of this conceptual tool in Humboldt’s writings, and examine to what extent this « singular difference » is also a means to adopt an intercultural outlook by studying the second language’s structure. But it can also contribute to bringing the first and second languages together by resorting to a comparative teaching method, which will be illustrated in the last section.

BACKGROUND: Evaluating interventions that might lead to a reduction in tuberculosis in high-income countries with a low incidence of the disease is key to accelerate progress towards its elimination. In such countries, migrants are known to contribute a large proportion of tuberculosis cases to the burden. We assessed the effectiveness of screening for active tuberculosis before entry to the UK and for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) post-entry for reduction of tuberculosis in new-entrant migrants to the UK. Additionally, we investigated the effect of access to primary care on tuberculosis incidence in this population. METHODS: We did a retrospective, population-based cohort study of migrants from 66 countries who were negative for active tuberculosis at pre-entry screening between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2014, and eligible for LTBI screening. We used record linkage to track their first contact with primary care, uptake of LTBI screening, and development of active tuberculosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. To assess the effectiveness of the pre-entry screening programme, we identified a control group of migrants who were not screened for active tuberculosis using the specific code for new entrants to the UK registering in primary care within the National Health Service patient registration data system. Our primary outcome was development of active tuberculosis notified to the National Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance System. FINDINGS: Our cohort comprised 224 234 migrants who were screened for active tuberculosis before entry to the UK and a control group of 118 738 migrants who were not. 103 990 (50%) migrants who were screened for active tuberculosis registered in primary care; all individuals in the control group were registered in primary care. 1828 tuberculosis cases were identified during the cohort time, of which 31 were prevalent. There were 26 incident active tuberculosis cases in migrants with no evidence of primary care registration, and 1771 cases in the entire cohort of migrants who registered in primary care (n=222 728), giving an incidence rate of 174 (95% CI 166-182) per 100 000 person-years. 672 (1%) of 103 990 migrants who were screened for active tuberculosis went on to develop tuberculosis compared with 1099 (1%) of 118 738 not screened for active tuberculosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1·49, 95% CI 1·33-1·67; p

18th-century Ireland under the Penal Laws produced many poems deploring the country’s fate under British rule. Brian Merriman, a hedge schoolmaster from Clare, published in 1780 a long, satirical poem called Cuirt an Mheain Oiche satirizing men’s subjection of women within marriage. This contribution will examine what marriage law said about the situation of women and how the poem criticizes its negative consequences on the women of Ireland as judged by a bawdy fairy court of law.

La presente contribution examine comment Ronald Dworkin definit le droit comme recit, et de quelle facon le juge doit elaborer une methode interpretative conditionnee par des criteres normatifs, capables de rendre compte du bien-fonde de ses decisions. Le resultat de ces dernieres doit donner sens a la loi et fournir un guide a la conduite des citoyens et des institutions. En nous appuyant sur les analyses de Paul Ricoeur dans Temps et recit, nous analyserons plus particulierement les elements fondateurs de la continuite en droit chez Dworkin. La premiere partie aura pour sujet la loi comme recit et expression d'une communaute de principe. Deuxiemement, l'analyse portera sur l'interpretation comme recit au service de l'integrite du droit. En fin, nous verrons comment le personnage du juge Hercule, figure du juge ideal, arbitre la continuite en droit dans ses jugements, ce qui fait de lui le garant de cette continuite.

In England (73%) of TB cases occur among foreign-born individuals due to reactivation of Latent TB infection (LTBI). 1 The cornerstone of the global strategy to eliminate TB in low-incidence countries is to target preventative therapy at high-risk groups of developing active disease. England is the first country implementing a £10 m/annum program to systematically provide LTBI screening and treatment for new entrant migrants. 2 The main challenge is how to identify migrants eligible for screening among the reservoir of migrants already registered and those unregistered with primary-care. We aimed to establish the most feasible and effective method to localise migrants eligible for LTBI screening and to estimate population size, TB incidence after arrival and LTBI service utilisation of the target population. We performed a retrospective population based cohort study of VISA-applicants aged 16 to 35 years screened for active TB before entry to UK in 72 high-burden countries between 2011 and 2014. We used data record linkage of the pre-entry screening, the NHS Personal Demographic Service (PDS), the Enhanced TB Surveillance system and LTBI service utilisation databases. 1 93 979 migrants eligible for LTBI screening entered the UK between 2011 and 2014. A low proportion 78 395 (40.4%) registered in primary-care in the year of arrival, of whom 30 838 (39.3%) registered in high TB incidence areas of London and Midlands. We estimated the number of delayed registrations of the same age group in these areas by record linkage; 1 60 780 immigrants from the 72 high-burden countries registered between 2011 and 2014, of whom 1 29 942 (80.8%) arrived before 2011. These delayed registrants thus miss the window of opportunity for LTBI screening because the program targets arrivals within last five years. We estimated and compared TB incidence and LTBI service utilisation in the cohort of early vs delayed registrants. The program may be compromised by low and delayed primary-care registration, could be enhanced by promoting GP registration and community-based screening to reach unregistered migrants. References Public Health England. Tuberculosis in England 2016. Public Health England. Collaborative Tuberculosis Strategy for England 2015–2020.

Cet article présente un cours d’anglais juridique à l’attention d’étudiants en M1 de Droit sur le thème de la « class action » américaine élaboré à partir du film Erin Brockovich. Ce dernier appartient au genre défini comme fiction à substrat professionnel (FASP), dont les caractéristiques sont de représenter environnement de travail et d’en décrire la langue spécialisée dans le cadre d’une intrigue relevant du thriller. L’analyse de ces traits distinctifs, appliquée à l’anglais de spécialité, a pour but de montrer en quoi le choix de ce film est pertinent, et de quelle manière l’intrigue, centrée sur une héroïne qui n’est pas juriste, procède d’une démarche heuristique parallèle à et complémentaire de celle que met en œuvre le cours de langue de spécialité. This article describes a course designed for Masters students in Law, based on Erin Brockovich, now a classic legal FASP film. The objective of the course is to introduce learners to the concept of US class action. The plot structure is used as a starting point to the ESP study of Legal English and its socio-cultural context. The aim is to show how, in practice, professionally-based fictional films contribute to language skills acquisition through enhanced learner motivation, and is an asset in confidence building. Moreover, a movie like Erin Brockovich is an effective pedagogic tool in implementing a didactic task-based, learner- and learning-centred approach because the structure of such a film mirrors the structure of the learning process in this particular case.

International audience; Using professionally-based films or TV series in teaching ESP may be pedagogically relevantbecause both combine language for professional purposes and the adequate description of a workenvironment. The present contribution examines the manner in which TV legal dramas can give aninsight into the cultural and linguistic dimension of the legal professions in the US by providingclassroom activities. After a brief presentation of the first seasons of Damages and The Good Wife,the article will first show how ESP teachers can use script-writing techniques to design a course inan approach to language learning based on tasks. Next, the focus will be on the manner in which theseries can be used to highlight the pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of pedagogic tasks with, asa conclusion, particular emphasis on the sense of realism brought to the course by fiction; En s'appuyant sur la notion de « tâche » dans une perspective actionnelle de l'enseignement de l'anglais juridique, la présente contribution propose le recours à des séries télévisuelles juridiques américaines parce qu'elles constituent un réservoir important d'activités pédagogiques ordonnées autour de tâches centrales. Après une brève présentation des séries retenues comme supports (premières saisons de Damages et The Good Wife), la première partie rapprochera le travail de l'enseignant de celui du scénariste en matière d'élaboration de séquences. La seconde partie examinera comment le support télévisuel permet de créer des activités relatives aux composantes pragmatiques et sociolinguistiques de la tâche pédagogique. La conclusion insistera sur la vraisemblance des situations que l'élément fictionnel apporte au cours de langue de spécialité.

Cet article analyse la figure de l'oiseau surnaturel dans les recits mythologiques irlandais. La premiere partie decrit les differentes manieres dont l'oiseau surnaturel intervient dans la structure syntaxique des recits medievaux irlandais. L'oiseau semble concentrer en lui seul trois aspects fondamentaux caracteristiques du pantheon animalier celtique: il est druide, guerrier, ou encore l'enveloppe exterieure de belles jeunes filles du Sid, l'Autre Monde des Celtes, venant chercher l'homme qu'elles aiment sur terre sous la forme d'oiseaux aquatiques. Dans ce contexte, le present article vise a degager le contenu narratif dans lequel le motif apparait, puis d'analyser les composants figuratifs de cet "oiseau surnaturel".

In a globalised world, the issue of language is of paramount importance. Teaching and learning foreign languages has become a social, institutional and professional challenge for the French education system. One consequence of the predominance of English has been to promote its teaching in higher education, so much so that French universities are gradually teaching other subjects through English to students whose language skills do not necessarily match the standards required for such curricula, and by lecturers who are not specialised in English. Against that backdrop, this article addresses what research about “Anglais de specialite” (ASP) is in the current, institutional context of the ever-developing French “ASP” sector, with a particular focus on English for science and English for law, and hopes to encourage similar studies across Europe. Exploring the epistemological dimension of research in didactics and ASP is essential in order to assess what stage of development it has reached, what directions it is likely to take in France and in Europe, and how a reflection on education and programmes of ASP could be implemented in higher education in different countries. But the present contribution paves the way for a pragmatic approach, since it aims to bring an institutional solution to the debate that has agitated the French academic world for the past decades.

International audience