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1. Meydan Kalderası ve Gürgürbaba Domu Çevresinin Jeomorfolojik Özellikleri

Author

Ebru Akköprü, Remzi Tunç, Anne Kyria Robin, and Damase Mouralis

Subjects
van lake basin, meydan volcano, gürgürbaba dome, obsidian, caldera, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the geomorphological characteristics of Meydan Volcanic area located in the Van province north of Lake Van. Factors such as tectonic volcanic, hydrographic, which are effective in the geomorphological evolution of the study area were investigated, radiometric aging (40Ar/39Ar) methods were applied for the aging of volcanic rocks and Geographic Information Systems were used for thematic mapping studies. Radiometric dating was performed on the samples taken from volcanic rocks (obsidian) and the results were compared with the ages given in the literature. Origin and features of volcanic products were determined by geochemical analysis (LA-ICP-MS). As a result of the study, it was concluded that Meydan Caldera had collapsed before the formation of the Gürgürbaba obsidian dome (420±24 ka). The later extrusion of the dome has been and destroyed the eastern slope of Meydan Kalderası during the formation of Gürgürbaba Dome It is understood that the source of all obsidian spread in the volcanic area of the Meydan is Gürgürbaba Dome. In addition, Meydan volcanism caused a change in the drainage network. The drainage type of the rivers formed according to the old topography has changed and a radial type drainage network compatible with the new volcanic topography has developed.

Published
2019
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2. Doğu Anadolu’daki Obsidiyen Kaynak Alanlarının Belirlenmesinde Jeomorfolojik ve Volkanolojik Göstergelerin Önemi

Author

Ebru Akköprü, M. Korhan Erturaç, Anne-Kyria Robin, Catherine Kuzucuoğlu, Damase Mouralis, Van University (Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi) Edebiyat Fakültesi, Coğrafya Bölümü, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sakarya University, Geography Department, Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Van Yüzüncü Yıl University

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Obsidian Sources, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, Geomorphology, 06 humanities and the arts, Doğu Anadolu,Obsidiyen, 01 natural sciences, Yerbilimleri, Ortak Disiplinler, Eastern Anatolia, Volcanism, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 0601 history and archaeology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Arkeolojik kazi alanlarinda bulunan el aletlerinden anlasildigi uzere Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi volkanik alanlarina ait obsidiyenler tarih oncesi donemlerde ticareti yapilarak cok genis alanlara yayilmistir. Bu nedenle Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi’nde obsidiyenin yayilimi ve volkanik-jeomorfolojik ozellikleri ile alakali bir calisma yapmak onemlidir. Bu calismada, Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi volkanik alanlarinda jeomorfolojik ve jeolojik yaklasimla yapilan arazi calismalarindan ornekler verilerek obsidiyen kaynaklarinin belirlenmesinde volkanolojik ve jeomorfolojik gostergelerin oneminden bahsedilmistir. Obsidiyenin temel ozellikleri (renk, doku, dayaniklilik, sertlik vb), hammadde olarak varligi, miktari ve ulasilabilirligi volkanik ve jeomorfolojik surecler ile yakindan iliskilidir. Ornegin; obsidiyenin kimsayal ve fiziksel ozellikleri buyuk oranda volkanizmanin kontrolu altinda belirmektedir. Obsidiyenin yuzlek alanlarinin yayiliminda ve olusum tiplerinde (dom, dayk, akma, vb) magmatik surecler onemli rol oynar. Volkanik bir masif icindeki obsidiyenin bulunmasi volkanizma sonucudur ancak daha sonra ayni alan icinde varligini surdurmesi tamamen asinma sureclerinin turune ve siddetine de baglidir. Volkanik topografyanin evrimi obsidiyenin hammadde olarak bulunup islenip kullanilmasinda onemlidir. Soyle ki volkanik alanda olusan sonraki volkanik faaliyetler ve erozyon surecleri obsidiyenin fosillesmesine veya tamamen asinip tahrip olmasina neden olabilir. Ayrica bu cesit bir etki ikincil kaynaklari olarak bilinen koluvyal veya aluvyal malzeme icindeki obsidiyen varligini ve oranini da degistirir.

Published
2017
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3. The procurement of obsidian at Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia) during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age: Connections with Anatolia and Caucasus

Author

Giulio Palumbi, Bernard Gratuze, Marcella Frangipane, Fatima Mokadem, M. Massussi, Ebru Akköprü, Anne-Kyria Robin, Damase Mouralis, F. Balossi Restelli, Daniel Brunstein, Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités (LISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
Obsidian, 010506 paleontology, Caucasus, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Obsidian, Arslantepe, Eastern Anatolia, Caucasus, Portable XRF, LA-ICP-MS, 01 natural sciences, Sequence (geology), Procurement, Bronze Age, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Middle East, Preferential choice, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 060102 archaeology, Portable XRF, 06 humanities and the arts, Chalcolithic, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Arslantepe, Archaeology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Eastern Anatolia, Geography, Large group
Abstract

International audience; Arslantepe is a höyük (= tell) located within the fertile Malatya Plain, near the right bank of the Euphrates River. The site is excavated since more than 55 years by the Italian Sapienza University archaeologists and reveals periods from at least the sixth millennium BCE until the final destruction of the Neo-Hittite town. This long sequence records the changing relations and connections with various civilizations and regions of the Near East. Using the chemical characterization of a large group of artefacts (388 analysed), we propose, in this paper, a new sourcing of the obsidian used by the inhabitants of Arslantepe from the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic to the end of the Early Bronze Age. The method is based on the portable XRF analyse of the artefacts and their attribution to a geological source using our database collected within the ongoing " GeObs " project (resp. D. Mouralis) in the Eastern Anatolia as well as previous published data in Central Anatolia and Caucasus. Moreover, the chemical characterization is coupled with the techno-functional determination of the artefacts. The present study conducted by an interdisciplinary research group allows to precise the procurement of obsidian in Arslantepe and to better understand the external relations of the site over time. This research also questions and discusses the preferential choice of the obsidian sources through time, in relation with various factors such as distance, quality and abundance of the raw material as well as socio-cultural influences.

Published
2018
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4. Identification and characterization of two new obsidian sub-sources in the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey): The Sıcaksu and Kayacık obsidian

Author

Anne Kyria Robin, Catherine Kuzucuoğlu, Korhan Erturaç, Ali Fuat Doğu, Damase Mouralis, Alison Pereira, Sébastien Nomade, Ebru Akköprü, Bernard Gratuze, Lamya Khalidi, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 (LML), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Van, Département de Géographie, Université de Sakarya, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Obsidian, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Outcrop, Lava, Geochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, Stage (stratigraphy), Nemrut, 0601 history and archaeology, Obsidian sources, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Knapping, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Volcano, Eastern Turkey, Facies, Geology
Abstract

In the framework of the GeObs project ( http://geobs.univ-rouen.fr ), we performed an exhaustive field study of obsidian lava outcropping of the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). The macroscopic facies and the chemical characteristics of all sub-sources are presented and compared to each other. The Nemrut sub-sources are distinguishable using microscopic facies and geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) data. We identify and characterize two previously unknown outcrops (Sicaksu and Kayacik) both located in the western part of the volcano. Only one of these two sub-sources, which is located near the Sicaksu village, provides good quality obsidian for knapping. 40Ar/39Ar dating of this sub-source reveals an age of 203 ± 18 ka. It thus belongs to the early pre-caldera stage of the Nemrut volcano. Chemical analyses and comparison of datasets composed of results from (i) all Nemrut sub-sources sampled, and (ii) various artefacts presented in Khalidi et al. (this volume) and attributed to the Nemrut volcano, clearly match these artefacts to the Sicaksu outcrop. The data obtained from a combination of fieldwork and geochemical analyses demonstrates that the Sicaksu obsidian outcrop was exceptionally important as a source of obsidian raw material for the production of tools and artefacts by prehistoric populations across the Near East.

Published
2016
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5. Identification and characterization of a new obsidian source in the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) : the Sıcaksu obsidian

Author

Anne-Kyria Robin, Damase Mouralis, Ebru Akköprü, Catherine Kuzucuoğlu, Bernard GRATUZE, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), IAOS International Association for Obsidian Studies, Regional Aeolian Archaeological Museum 'Luigi Bernabò Brea', Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans, SCD

Subjects
Obsidian, Eastern Anatolia, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Nemrut volcano, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Geochemical analyses, LA-ICP-MS
Abstract

International audience; In the frame of GeObs project (http://geobs.univ-rouen.fr/), we started an exhaustive field study of obsidian lavas outcrops in the Nemrut Volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). We propose here to present results from analyses of the macroscopic facies and chemical characteristics of all sub-sources, and its comparison to each other. A first conclusive remark is that most Nemrut sub-sources are distinguishable using geochemical data (LA–ICP–MS). In addition, on the western flank of the volcano we identify and characterize (in the field as well as in the laboratory) two yet unknown obsidian outcrops (Kayacık and Sıcaksu) which are close to each other, with regard both to its geography and geochemistry. No previous research on obsidian sourcing around this volcano was able to identify these sub-sources.Statistical treatments (classification and discriminant analyses) applied to a set of data composed of our results from both (i) all our sub-sources sampled in the Nemrut, together with (ii) the artifacts attributed by L. Khalidy et al. to the Nemrut Volcano, clearly connect the artifacts to the group formed by these newly found sub-sources. Results of the combination of field work data, geochemical analyses, and statistical treatments comparing geological and archaeological obsidians, evidence the importance of two obsidian outcrops sampled by us on the western flank on Nemrut Volcano, which is the most up-to-date collection of samples from the Nemrut.In further detail, only one of the two new sub-sources, the ―Sıcaksu‖ obsidian, is particularly homogenous and suitable for chopping. Accordingly, Sıcaksu obsidian is now the best candidate for being the source addressed by Neolithic populations who collected raw material in the Nemrut Volcano for tool-making.

Published
2016

6. The growth of early social networks : new geochemical results of obsidian from the Ubaid to Chalcolithic Period in Syria, Iraq and the Gulf

Author

Bernard Gratuze, Augusta McMahon, Anne-Kyria Robin, Damase Mouralis, Richard Cuttler, Lamya Khalidi, Elizabeth Healey, Ernst Pernicka, Marie-Louise Inizan, Gil J. Stein, Robert Carter, Philipp Drechsler, Salam Al-Quntar, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), CEZA, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Outcrop, Population, Irak, 01 natural sciences, State formation, Social networks, Chalcolithique, Ubaid, Mesopotamia, Urbanization, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Obsidian provenance, 060102 archaeology, Géochimie, Syrie, 06 humanities and the arts, Chalcolithic, Archaeology, Arabian Gulf, Golfe, Period (geology), LA-HR-ICP-MS, Geology, Obsidienne
Abstract

Obsidian artifacts are geochemically traceable to their geological sources of origin. The results of their analysis provide some of the most accurate testimonies of interaction, exchange and population movement. This article presents results of obsidian analyses of artifacts from twelve sites from the Middle Euphrates to the Arabian Gulf. We demonstrate that the Sicaksu flow of Nemrut Dag in eastern Turkey consistently supplied obsidian to the majority of sites across this region from the 7th to 4th millennia BCE. This outcrop predominated in analyzed assemblages and as a production material for the region, across all site positions, sizes and periods; this has been argued to be a result of the quality, quantity and accessibility of this flow ( Robin et al., 2016 ). The analyses demonstrate the presence of mainly finished products from a variety of additional sources in eastern Anatolia and Armenia (average > 4 sources) on northern Mesopotamian sites during this time span. We argue that the Nemrut region was a major economic node and chief actor in the establishment and dynamics of networks in the greater region. The diachronic persistence or breaks in obsidian supply from more minor sources are an additional source of information on the inner workings and development of subtle interregional socio-political and economic relations. Obsidian analysis provides a detailed picture of the contributions of increasingly complex networks and channels of communication to intensified adoption of common practices and styles across regions, to intensification of processes leading to urbanization and state formation, and to accentuating periods of stress and conflict. These data nourish and update existing models on social networks during the crucial Ubaid to Late Chalcolithic periods and advance debates on the role and impact of these networks on early state formation.

Published
2016
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7. Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia) : procurement of obsidian from Anatolian geological sources during the Chalcolithic and Middle Bronze Age

Author

Damase Mouralis, Massimo Massussi, Ebru Akköprü, Francesca Balossi, Korhan Erturaç, Delphine Grancher, Bernard GRATUZE, Fatima Mokadem, Catherine Kuzucuoğlu, Giulio Palumbi, Anne-Kyria Robin, Université d'Orléans, SCD, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey, University of Sakarya, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IAOS International Association for Obsidian Studies, Regional Aeolian Archaeological Museum 'Luigi Bernabò Brea', Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)

Subjects
Obsidian, Bronze Age, Eastern Anatolia, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Geochemical analyses, LA-ICP-MS, Chalcolithic
Abstract

International audience; Arslantepe is a höyük (i.e. tell), located within the fertile Malatya Plain, some 12 km from the right bank of the Euphrates River. The long sequence of the site covers several millennia, from at least the 6thmillennium B.C. until the final destruction of the Neo-Hittite town. The archaeological site benefits of a more than fifty years of excavations by the Italian Archaeological Mission (La Sapienza University, Rome). Its long history reflects the changing relations and connections with various civilizations in the Near East (Frangipane 2011). During the earliest phases (Chalcolithic), Arslantepe is connected with the Syro-Mesopotamian world. However, during the Early Bronze Age Arslantepe‘s external relations are reoriented towards eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasia. During these periods, Arslantepe also had connections with Central Anatolia that grow during the 2ndmillennium B.C. with the rising Hittite civilization.This talk focuses on the sourcing of obsidian artifacts collected in Arslantepe. Four hundred artifacts, belonging to eight archaeological levels, from Late Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze Age, were analyzed. These analyzes include technological and typological study together with geochemistry using a portable XRF analyzer. The geochemical data have then been compared with the GeObs database which includes more than 600 geological samples, precisely positioned within space (latitude and longitude) and time (according to volcanic and stratigraphic settings).This database includes 14 sources (i.e. volcanoes) and 34 sub-sources (outcrops with specific volcanic settings) from the Anatolian volcanoes. This talk has three main scopes: 1) studying how the procurement of obsidian change according to the technological and typological kinds of artifacts; 2) understanding the changing external relations through time on obsidian procurement, using the very clear archaeological stratigraphy revealed at the Arslantepe; and 3) showing whether the obsidian procurement indicates same spatial and social connections than other artifacts; and presenting when the obsidian procurement show some different patterns.

Published
2016

8. Les affleurements d’obsidiennes du Nemrut (Anatolie orientale) : mise en évidence d’une source exploitable, premiers résultats

Author

Ebru Akköprü, Korhan Erturaç, Ali Fuat Doğu, Anne-Kyria Robin, Damase Mouralis, Joël Cétoute, Catherine Kuzucuoğlu, and Bernard Gratuze

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, Turkey, media_common.quotation_subject, Turquie, obsidiennes, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, geomorphology, 01 natural sciences, obsidian, Nemrut, géomorphologie, 0601 history and archaeology, Humanities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common
Abstract

Dans de nombreux sites du Proche-Orient, des artefacts archéologiques en obsidienne ont été retrouvés et attribués aux sources géologiques du Nemrut. Les publications sur la géologie du Nemrut montrent que des affleurements d’obsidienne sont présents sur les flancs sud, est, ouest et nord du volcan. Lors de deux missions de terrain (2013, 2014), nous avons prospecté une large partie du volcan et repéré les affleurements décrits dans la littérature ; notre prospection n’a cependant pas été exhaustive. La grande majorité des obsidiennes étudiées présente en effet un faciès à phénocristaux et craquelures marquant une piètre qualité pour la taille. De plus, une grande partie de ces obsidiennes affleure sous forme de lits de faible épaisseur, ne permettant pas leur exploitation. Nous avons localisé un seul affleurement d’obsidienne taillable. Associé à un atelier de taille, son faciès, très différent de celui rencontré ailleurs dans le volcan, est uni et homogène, sans phénocristaux ni craquelures. Ces caractéristiques sont compatibles avec la taille pour la confection d’objets. Cet affleurement n’a jamais été décrit dans la littérature. Comparativement aux autres affleurements d’obsidienne connus aujourd’hui, nous pouvons affirmer que cet affleurement d’obsidienne homogène est le seul taillable connu sur le volcan Nemrut. À partir des données de terrain, de l’étude des faciès, d’analyses chimiques en LA-ICP-MS et d’une étude pétrologique, nous pouvons émettre deux hypothèses concernant les modalités de mise en place d’un affleurement exploitable repéré. Ces modalités en effet ont un rapport étroit avec l’accessibilité de la ressource et de ces espaces pour l’homme de la Préhistoire (du Paléolithique au Chalcolithique). Archeological studies have demonstrated that many Prehistoric artefacts in obsidian found in the Near East have a chemical affinity with obsidian outcropping in the Nemrut volcano. In the archaeological literature, Mount Nemrut is considered as one of the most important obsidian sources used by prehistoric societies. During our two field works in 2013 and 2014, we prospected a wide area on and around Nemrut volcano. Our findings confirm the location of the obsidian outcrops described in the literature. According to our observation, obsidian on Mount Nemrut volcano is generally not exploitable for chopping tools. Most of the studied obsidians we defined on the field, present a facies with numerous phenocrysts and cracks, which is not compatible with a good knapping quality. However, we identified a new outcrop associated with obsidian artefacts such as nuclei and rough flakes. Geological samples of the obsidian from this outcrop present all a very different facies compare to those of others Mount Nemrut obsidians: obsidian from this area does not show any phenocryst or cracks, and they are very homogeneous and uniform. These characteristics are in favor to knapping criteria. Comparatively to the other known obsidian outcrops in the Nemrut volcano, we can assume here that this obsidian outcrop is, to date, the only source one that could have been exploited, by Prehistoric people on the Nemrut volcano. Our work, using chemical analyzes (LA-ICP-MS), petrology and field observation enhances characteristics for workable obsidian that depends on the modality of emplacement. This last one should have been different from the other outcrops to provide a different facies.

Published
2015

9. Apport de la pétrologie aux études de provenance de l’obsidienne (obsidian sourcing). Exemples d’Anatolie orientale

Author

Anne-Kyria Robin, Damase Mouralis, Bernard GRATUZE, Ebru Akköprü, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey, UMR Chrono-environnement (CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté), Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures de l’Université de Technologie Belfort-Montbéliard, Université d'Orléans, SCD, Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Obsidiennes, Obsidian Sources, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Pétrologie des verres basaltiques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Anatolie orientale, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

10. Rain-triggered lahars following the 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Indonesia: A major risk

Author

Marie Coquet, Bachtiar W. Mutaqin, Danang Sri Hadmoko, Anne-Kyria Robin, Gilang Aria Dipayana, Franck Lavigne, Noer Cholik, Muh Aris Marfai, Baptiste Le Mauff, Nurnaning Aisyah, Céline Vidal, Edouard de Belizal, Jean-Philippe Degeai, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Disaster Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BPPTK (Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Tekonologi Kegunungapian), Merapi Volcano Observatory – BPPTK, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Merapi volcano, Pyroclastic rock, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lahar, Local scale, Crisis management, Lahar corridors, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Downcutting, Hazard, Rain-triggered lahars, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Physical geography, Lahar deposits, Seismology, Geology
Abstract

The 2010 VEI 4 eruption of Merapi volcano deposited roughly ten times the volume of pyroclastic materials of the 1994 and 2006 eruptions, and is recognized as one of the most intense eruption since 1872. However, as the eruptive phase is now over, another threat endangers local communities: rain-triggered lahars. Previous papers on lahars at Merapi presented lahar-related risk following small-scale dome-collapse PDCs. Thus the aim of this study is to provide new insights on lahar-related risk following a large scale VEI 4 eruption. The paper highlights the high number of events (240) during the 2010–2011 rainy season (October 2010–May 2011). The frequency of the 2010–2011 lahars is also the most important ever recorded at Merapi. Lahars occurred in almost all drainages located under the active cone, with runout distances exceeding 15 km. The geomorphic impacts of lahars on the distal slope of the volcano are then explained as they directly threaten houses and infrastructures: creation of large corridors, avulsions, riverbank erosion and riverbed downcutting are detailed through local scale examples. Related damage is also studied: 860 houses damaged, 14 sabo-dams and 21 bridges destroyed. Sedimentological characteristics of volcaniclastic sediments in lahar corridors are presented, with emphasis on the resource in building material that they represent for local communities. Risk studies should not forget that thousands of people are exposing themselves to lahar hazard when they quarry volcaniclastic sediment on lahar corridors. Finally, the efficient community-based crisis management is explained, and shows how local people organize themselves to manage the risk: 3 fatalities were reported, although lahars reached densely populated areas. To summarize, this study provides an update of lahar risk issues at Merapi, with emphasis on the distal slope of the volcano where lahars had not occurred for 40 years, and where lahar corridors were rapidly formed.

Published
2013
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11. The spread of obsidian on the Iranian Plateau during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The possible role of mobile pastoralists

Author

Bernard Gratuze, Marjan Mashkour, Mohamad Hossein Azizi Kharananghi, Ali Zalaghi, Sepideh Maziar, Damase Mouralis, Anne-Kyria Robin, Université d'Orléans, SCD, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IAOS International Association for Obsidian Studies, Regional Aeolian Archaeological Museum 'Luigi Bernabò Brea', Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS)

Subjects
Obsidian, Bronze Age, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Pastoralism, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Iranian Plateau, Geochemical analyses, Neolithic, LA-ICP-MS
Abstract

International audience; Our talk provides new and original data on the analysis of obsidian artifacts from Iran. It focuses on the sourcing of obsidian artifacts collected at different archaeological sites dated from the Pre-pottery and Pottery Neolithic sites of Kalek Asad Morad (KAM), Qasr e Ahmad (QeA), Rahmat Abad (RA), Choghabur (ChB), Qaleh Asgar (QA); and the Bronze Age site of Kohne Tepesi (KT). These sites are located in the central (KAM) and southern Zagros (QeA & RA), along the Persian Gulf (ChB), in the central Alborz (QA), and in southern part of the Araxes River basin (KT).The aim of this paper is to provide a diachronic perspective on the exploitation of obsidian sources and diffusion of its raw material in the area under investigation, from the Early Neolithic to Bronze Age. We demonstrate that obsidian originates mainly from the Taurus sources (Nemrut Dağ and region of Bingöl) during the Neolithic, and that a diversification of procurement appears during the Bronze Age, involving new obsidian sources, located in the south of Lake Sevan (Sjunik, Armenia), in the exchange processes. The spread of obsidian is considered as a suitable element for tracking the mobility and trade networks of prehistoric societies in the Near East. Current debates among archaeologists highlight the role of agropastoralists in the diffusion of obsidian.Twenty-eight artifacts originating from these sites (KAM, n = 6; QeA, n = 10; RA, n = 3; ChB, n = 2; QA, n = 5; and KT, n = 2), have been analyzed using LA–ICP–MS. Their compositions were compared with different databases, and have benefited from new insights given by the GeObs Database which include more than 600 geological samples from the Anatolian volcanoes, precisely referenced. It thus became possible to assign the peralkaline obsidian from the Nemrut Dağ (KAM, QeA, ChB) to the obsidian flow of Sicaksu, while the other peralkaline obsidians can be assigned to obsidian outcrops located around Solhan in the Bingöl area (QeA). The calk-alkaline obisidians (RA, QA) were assigned to Alatepe, also located in the Taurus region (Bingöl area, Turkey), while data from the Kohne Tepesi site indicates different obsidian networks related to Sjunik source in Armenia (Sevkar outcrops). According to these preliminary results, we will examine changes in the dynamics of obsidian networks diachronically and geographically.

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