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Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing are increasingly used in the field of orthopaedic surgery for both research and patient care. One area where they are particularly helpful is in improving our understanding of the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Heretofore, morphological studies that use 3D models of the PF joint have primarily been based on computed tomography imaging data and thus do not incorporate articular cartilage. Here, we describe a method for creating 3D models of the articular surfaces of the PF joint based on magnetic resonance imaging. Models created using this technique can be used to improve our understanding of the morphology of the articular surfaces of the PF joint and its relationship to joint pathologies. Of particular interest is our finding of articular congruity in printed articular cartilage surfaces of dysplastic PF joints of recurrent patella dislocators.

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing comprise an important tool for orthopaedic surgeons. One area in which 3D modeling has the potential to dramatically improve our understanding of biomechanical kinematics is pathologies of the patellofemoral joint, in particular trochlear dysplasia. We describe a method for creating 3D printed models of the patellofemoral joint, including computed tomography image acquisition, image segmentation, model creation, and 3D printing. The models created can help surgeons understand and plan surgery for recurrent patellar dislocations.