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Purpose: This study describes a new model for urban planning in ancient and preindustrial cities that moves beyond the traditional simplistic dichotomy of planned versus organic cities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The model has two components: coordination of buildings and spaces, and standardization among cities Qualitative content analysis method was used in this study to analyze. Findings: The results revealed that a variety of coordinated arrangements of buildings reflect urban planning, including simple coordination, formality and monumentality, orthogonal layouts, other forms of geometric order, and access and visibility. For what it represents, as an element dealing with the conscious and the unconscious, in the process of thinking of the city future of Baghdad and its near one cities, in order to build a continuous civilization. The urban types were established historical cities in the middle age in the Christian civilization in Europe land, and in the middle age of Islamic civilization in Arabic land. Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that the absence of development strategies to protect the urban heritage of Baghdad allowed the modern structure to reach the peripheries of the old part and destroyed the inner part where historical monuments and quarters exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most potent antacids used in clinical practice with greater safety and efficacy. Limited data are available on the usage of PPIs in Indian health-care settings. Our aim was to understand the usage pattern and potential drug interactions with concurrently administered medications employing a single-day cross-sectional study design. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted on a single day, at two tertiary care teaching hospitals in South India. Inpatients of above 18 years of age were included. Case profiles were reviewed and data were collected in predesigned forms and analyzed. Drug interactions were identified using Micromedex and Medscape drug-interaction databases. Results: A total of 797 case profiles screened from both the centers; 714 were prescribed with PPIs. In intensive care units (ICUs), the use of PPIs was highest with 95% of cases getting these drugs. A PPI was seen in about 93% of patients, who had more than or equal to 4 drugs in their prescriptions. Pantoprazole was the mostly prescribed PPI in around 90% of the cases. Around 33% of the PPIs usage was through IV (intravenous) route, and 75% of that use was seen in wards. Around 134 drug interactions were identified, of which 10 were of major severity. Conclusions: Around 90% of inpatients were prescribed with PPIs. Pantoprazole is the most commonly prescribed PPI (90%). The IV administration was seen more in wards than ICUs, and 10 major drug interactions were observed in this single-day study. Careful monitoring is needed to avoid serious drug interactions involving PPIs, and training programs should sensitize the clinicians on the evidence-based use of PPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dissemination of clinical practice guidelines often has not been accompanied by desired improvements in guideline adherence. This study evaluated interventions for implementing a new practice guideline advocating the use of beta-blockers for heart failure patients., Methods and Results: This was a randomized controlled trial involving heart failure patients (n=169) with an ejection fraction < or =45% and no contraindications to beta-blockers. Patients' primary providers were randomized in a stratified design to 1 of 3 interventions: (1) control: provider education; (2) provider and patient notification: computerized provider reminders and patient letters advocating beta-blockers; and (3) nurse facilitator: supervised nurse to initiate and titrate beta-blockers. The primary outcome, the proportion of patients who were initiated or uptitrated and maintained on beta-blockers, analyzed by intention to treat, was achieved in 67% (36 of 54) of patients in the nurse facilitator group compared with 16% (10 of 64) in the provider/patient notification and 27% (14 of 51) in the control groups (P<0.001 for the comparisons between the nurse facilitator group and both other groups). The proportion of patients on target beta-blocker doses at the study end (median follow-up, 12 months) was also highest in the nurse facilitator group (43%) compared with the control (10%) and provider/patient notification groups (2%) (P<0.001). There were no differences in adverse events among groups., Conclusions: The use of a nurse facilitator was a successful approach for implementing a beta-blocker guideline in heart failure patients. The use of provider education, clinical reminders, and patient education was of limited value in this setting.