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1. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Abdirahman M Omar, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Christopher W. Hunt, Richard A. Feely, Camilla S. Landa, Liliane Merlivat, Lisa L. Robbins, Akira Kuwata, K. Smith, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Jacqueline Boutin, Betty Huss, Naomi Greenwood, Yann Bozec, Bernd Schneider, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Mario Hoppema, Adrienne J. Sutton, S. Hankin, Tsuneo Ono, Bronte Tilbrook, Wiley Evans, Kim I. Currie, Leticia Barbero, David R. Munro, Matthias Tuma, Stewart C Sutherland, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, S. Harasawa, Denis Pierrot, Catherine Goyet, Brian Ward, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, R. D. Castle, K. O'Brien, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Eugene Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Jérôme Harlay, Joe Salisbury, Arne Körtzinger, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Akihiko Murata, Frank J. Millero, Tobias Steinhoff, Carlos F. Balestrini, Truls Johannessen, Melissa Chierici, Alex Kozyr, Andrew J. Watson, Catherine E Cosca, Ingunn Skjelvan, Taro Takahashi, Charles Featherstone, Nicolas Metzl, Agneta Fransson, Chisato Wada, Ralph F. Keeling, David A. Pearce, Steven van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Rainer Sieger, Matthew P. Humphreys, Kevin F. Sullivan, Reiner Schlitzer, Rik Wanninkhof, Timothy Newberger, K. Paterson, Vassilis Kitidis, Suqing Xu, Siv K. Lauvset, Liqi Chen, Nicholas R. Bates, Ute Schuster, Colm Sweeney, Frédéric Bonou, Luke Gregor, Roland Schweitzer, Claire Lo Monaco, S. Saito, Benjamin Pfeil, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Jeremy T. Mathis, Stephen D. Jones, Maciej Telszewski, and Simone R. Alin

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, equatorial pacific, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Data products, interannual variability, Computer science, Surface ocean, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Upload, Documentation, carbon sink, north-atlantic, 14. Life underwater, southern-ocean, flux variability, atlantic-ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, atmospheric co2, Data collection, Database, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, neural-network, Earth system science, Data set, mixed-layer scheme, Upgrade, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, computer
Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

Published
2016
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2. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Reiner Schlitzer, Joe Salisbury, Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue, J. Akl, Yukihiro Nojiri, Andrea J. Fassbender, Fiz F. Pérez, Jeremy Malczyk, Bronte Tilbrook, Arne Körtzinger, Rainer Sieger, Ludger Mintrop, Liliane Merlivat, X. A. Padín, Ingunn Skjelvan, Peter J. Brown, G.-H. Park, Are Olsen, Robert M. Key, C.S. Wong, Wei-Jun Cai, Simone R. Alin, Melchor González-Dávila, David J. Hydes, Richard A. Feely, K. Tedesco, T. Veness, Christopher W. Hunt, A. Chen, Y. Nakano, K. Paterson, Christopher L. Sabine, Aki Murata, Truls Johannessen, C. Cosca, Maciej Telszewski, Denis Pierrot, A. Nakadate, Nicolas Metzl, Siv K. Lauvset, Alain Poisson, Mario Hoppema, S. Nakaoka, S. Hankin, A. Lourantou, Christoph Heinze, Taro Takahashi, Benjamin Pfeil, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Masao Ishii, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, C. Miyazaki, Alexander Kozyr, Francisco P. Chavez, Tobias Steinhoff, Catherine Goyet, Takashi Midorikawa, Andrew Lenton, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Birgit Schneider, T. Suzuki, Aida F. Ríos, Jacqueline Boutin, H. Koyuk, Douglas Vandemark, Alberto Borges, Ray F. Weiss, Ute Schuster, Abdirahman M Omar, Helmuth Thomas, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Andrew J. Watson, Richard G. J. Bellerby, Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Data products, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface ocean, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], viruses, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, parasitic diseases, 14. Life underwater, User needs, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Temporal interpolation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, virus diseases, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Regional differences
Abstract

Sabine, C. L. et al., As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO2) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions)., SOCAT is promoted by IOCCP, the Sur- face Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program. Douglas Wallace (Dalhousie University, Canada and former SOLAS chair) has strongly encouraged SOCAT. Support has been received from the University of Bergen (Norway), the Bjerknes Centre for Cli- mate Research (Norway), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States), the University of Washington (United States), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (United States), the University of East Anglia (United Kingdom), PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Ger- many), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), the CarboOcean (Norway, GOCE 511176-1) and CarboChange (Norway, FP7 264879) projects of the European Union, the US National Science Foundation (United States, OCE-1068958), the international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States, OCE-0938349), and the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE / H017046 / 1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural A ff airs). Support for SOCAT meetings has been received from IOCCP, IMBER, the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 735 (United Kingdom), Geomar (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia).

Published
2013
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3. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Karl Smith, Cathy Cosca, Sumiko Harasawa, Stephen D. Jones, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Ute Schuster, Tobias Steinhoff, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Bronte Tilbrook, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Simone R. Alin, Carlos F. Balestrini, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Frédéric Bonou, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Eugene F. Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Robert D. Castle, Liqi Chen, Melissa Chierici, Kim Currie, Wiley Evans, Charles Featherstone, Richard A. Feely, Agneta Fransson, Catherine Goyet, Naomi Greenwood, Luke Gregor, Steven Hankin, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Jérôme Harlay, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christopher W. Hunt, Betty Huss, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Truls Johannessen, Ralph Keeling, Vassilis Kitidis, Arne Körtzinger, Alex Kozyr, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Akira Kuwata, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Claire Lo Monaco, Ansley Manke, Jeremy T. Mathis, Liliane Merlivat, Frank J. Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Akihiko Murata, Timothy Newberger, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Kristina Paterson, David Pearce, Denis Pierrot, Lisa L. Robbins, Shu Saito, Joe Salisbury, Reiner Schlitzer, Bernd Schneider, Roland Schweitzer, Rainer Sieger, Ingunn Skjelvan, Kevin F. Sullivan, Stewart C. Sutherland, Adrienne J. Sutton, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Maciej Telszewski, Matthias Tuma, Steven M. A. C. Van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Brian Ward, Andrew J. Watson, and Suqing Xu

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 010505 oceanography, 14. Life underwater, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.5 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.4 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "Living Data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).

Published
2016
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4. An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Abdirahman M Omar, Jacqueline Boutin, T. Suzuki, Sara Jutterström, Aida F. Ríos, Reiner Schlitzer, Tobias Steinhoff, Arne Körtzinger, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, H. Sun, S. van Heuven, J. Akl, T. Ichikawa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Andrew J. Watson, Leticia Barbero, Denis Pierrot, K. O'Brien, Z. Gao, Kevin Sullivan, Richard A. Feely, Rainer Sieger, R. D. Castle, Mario Hoppema, Aki Murata, Peter Landschützer, Truls Johannessen, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Nobuo Tsurushima, Liliane Merlivat, Melissa Chierici, Alex Kozyr, Tsuneo Ono, H. J. W. de Baar, C. Cosca, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Betty Huss, Francisco P. Chavez, Christopher W. Hunt, Wiley Evans, K. Smith, Nicolas Metzl, Wei-Jen Huang, Agneta Fransson, Adrienne J. Sutton, Chisato Wada, K. Paterson, Kim I. Currie, Liqi Chen, Elizabeth M. Jones, Geun-Ha Park, Doug Vandemark, Penny Vlahos, Jerry Tjiputra, Taro Takahashi, Are Olsen, Siv K. Lauvset, Rik Wanninkhof, Wei-Jun Cai, Vassilis Kitidis, Nicholas R. Bates, Ute Schuster, Timothy Newberger, Colm Sweeney, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Bronte Tilbrook, S. Harasawa, Jeremy T. Mathis, S. Saito, Benjamin Pfeil, Maciej Telszewski, Steve D Jones, Burke Hales, Simone R. Alin, Joe Salisbury, Yukihiro Nojiri, Christopher L. Sabine, Yann Bozec, S. Hankin, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Delaware [Newark], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, University of Berlin, Marine Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Norwegian Polar Institute, School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM SNO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud, Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), University of New Hampshire (UNH), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chemistry Department [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Department of chemistry and Biochemistry (DCB), Brigham Young University (BYU), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Marine Information Research Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Department of Oceanography [Halifax] (DO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Ocean Ecosystems, and Isotope Research

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, WATER FCO(2), PACIFIC, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Data products, Meteorology, Surface ocean, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Set (abstract data type), CARBON-DIOXIDE, Data acquisition, CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY, AIR-SEA FLUX, PCO(2) VARIABILITY, 14. Life underwater, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, SOUTHERN-OCEAN, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Data processing, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Carbon sink, Metadata, lcsh:Geology, NORTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN, ANTARCTIC PENINSULA, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

22 páginas, 9 figuras, 10 tablas.-- D. C. E. Bakker ... et al.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.-- Proyecto Carbochange, The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models, Support for SOCAT has been received from the University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway), the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA), PANGAEA ® Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879) and GEO- CARBON (FP7 283080), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US, OCE-0938349), the US National Science Foundation (OCE-1068958), Swedish Research Council projects (2009–2994; 2008–6228; 2009–2994) and the Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE).

Published
2014
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5. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Denis Pierrot, Aki Murata, Truls Johannessen, Benjamin Pfeil, A. Nakadate, S. Hankin, Jeremy Malczyk, Ludger Mintrop, X. A. Padín, Jerry Tjiputra, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M Omar, C.S. Wong, Robert M. Key, Wei-Jun Cai, Steve D Jones, Burke Hales, Reiner Schlitzer, Rainer Sieger, Siv K. Lauvset, Francisco P. Chavez, Peter Landschützer, G.-H. Park, Christopher L. Sabine, Liliane Merlivat, Mario Hoppema, Ray F. Weiss, Helmuth Thomas, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Taro Takahashi, Ute Schuster, C. Miyazaki, Maria Hood, K. Tedesco, Richard G. J. Bellerby, Maciej Telszewski, Alexander Kozyr, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Tobias Steinhoff, Douglas Vandemark, Takashi Midorikawa, Jacqueline Boutin, Bronte Tilbrook, Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Ansley Manke, Nathalie Lefèvre, Joe Salisbury, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, David J. Hydes, Alberto Borges, R. Wanninkhof, Heather Koyuk, T. Veness, Masao Ishii, Yukihiro Nojiri, Andrew J. Watson, K. Paterson, T. Suzuki, Simone R. Alin, Melchor González-Dávila, N. R. Bates, Aida F. Ríos, Alain Poisson, Christoph Heinze, Richard A. Feely, Andrew Lenton, Birgit Schneider, Christopher W. Hunt, A. Lourantou, Catherine Goyet, Andrea J. Fassbender, Peter J. Brown, C. Cosca, Nicolas Metzl, S. Nakaoka, J. Akl, Arne Körtzinger, Fiz F. Pérez, Ingunn Skjelvan, Y. Nakano, A. Chen, Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue, Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface ocean, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Cruise, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], computer.software_genre, Data type, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Data collection, Database, Uniform - quality, Atlas (topology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geology, Data point, Data access, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, computer
Abstract

19 páginas, 6 tablas, 4 figuras.-- B. Pfeil ... et al.-- Proyecto Carbochange.-- Distribuido bajo licencia Creative Commons, A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities., Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Uni Research (Norway), US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), University of East Anglia (UEA, UK), PANGAEA

Published
2013
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6. Global data products help assess changes to ocean carbon sink

Author

Maciej Telszewski, Alex Kozyr, Heather Koyuk, Jeremy Malczyk, Ansley Manke, Christopher L. Sabine, S. Hankin, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Are Olsen, Nicolas Metzl, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, synthesis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, Climate change, coastal, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Global warming, carbon dioxide, Carbon sink, Ocean acidification, ocean, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Carbon dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, sense organs
Abstract

Net oceanic uptake of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) reduces global warming but also leads to ocean acidification [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. Understanding and predicting changes in the ocean carbon sink are critical to assessments of future climate change. Surface water CO2 measurements suggest large year-to-year variations in oceanic CO2 uptake for several regions [Doney et al., 2009]. However, there is much debate on whether these changes are cyclical or indicative of long-term trends. Sustained, globally coordinated observations of the surface ocean carbon cycle and systematic handling of such data are essential for assessing variation and trends in regional and global ocean carbon uptake, information necessary for accurate estimates of global and national carbon budgets.

Published
2012
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