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A construção europeia é um acontecimento maior no relacionamento entre os diferentes países envolvidos no projeto de integração à escala continental. As primeiras décadas do processo de integração foram consagradas às políticas internas da União Europeia. Assim, o mercado interno, a política agrícola comum, a política de concorrência, a coesão econômica e social, a união econômica e monetária, a política de ambiente e demais políticas setoriais abrangidas pela União Europeia. Este artigo aborda as alterações que o Tratado de Lisboa introduziu no âmbito da política externa e de defesa, tendo em conta a gradual alteração do conceito estratégico da União Europeia. Começa por enquadrar a intervenção da União na política internacional, com a adoção de uma política externa e de segurança comum pelo Tratado de Maastricht, assim como a evolução posterior. Em seguida, refere as inovações do Tratado de Lisboa na política externa e de defesa, analisando os novos cargos, estruturas e institutos relevantes no quadro dessa política. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The article aims to debate the issue of national champions regarding merger operations with a Community dimension. It starts with a brief overview of the legal framework for merger review in European Union law, as well as a reference to the division of competences between the Union and the Member States in this field. Then, it analyses the scope of Member State action regarding merger operations with a Community dimension, namely the clause to protect national legitimate interests. After some illustrations of recent cases concerning Member States’ defence of national champions, the article devotes the last part to a reflection of two related issues: the concept of industrial policy and the new challenges raised by sovereign wealth funds.

In the last 20 years, with the accession to the European Communities, Portugal has undergone a strong process of modernization. At the European level there have also been deepseated changes, with the continuous deepening and widening of the Union. The connection between those transformations allows for the identification of three different phases that mark the relationship between Portugal and European integration: The Euro-sceptical period, the Euro enthusiastic phase and the Euro-realistic stage. This paper intends to give an overview of the Portuguese venture in the European Union, starting with a brief reference to the accession to the Communities, and then an outline of the main phases of affiliation with the Union. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This article is a reflection about the division of powers between theEuropean Community and the Member States. It focuses on the adventuresand misadventures of the principle of conferred powers in the process ofEuropean integration. Section I is about the initial vertical divisionof powers in the European Community. Section II is dedicated to ananalysis of the progressive erosion of conferred powers during the 70'sand the 80's. Section III refers to the slow return to the applicationof the conferred powers principle that started after the Single EuropeanAct.

This article delivers a brief contribution to the debate about the Euro crisis. With that purpose it lists the objectives, interests and power relations underlined by the main political actors by the time of the introduction of monetary cooperation within the field of European construction. It begins with a reference to the first experiments of monetary cooperation between European countries—with the so-called European Snake, and later the European Monetary System— which were intended to protect the common market from the turmoil caused by the collapse of the international monetary system. It also addresses the adoption of the economic and monetary union by the Treaty of Maastricht, the creation of the single currency and the first attempt to control fiscal policy with the Stability and Growth Pact. Then it concentrates on the crisis affecting the Eurozone, initiated with the Greek sovereign debt crisis. It starts with a reference to core Euro countries early reaction to the crisis, to continue with the measures adopted to support the Euro system, before discussing what would be the much needed firewalls that could deter financial attacks. The final sections are de voted to the Fiscal Treaty, and to the impact of crisis management on the European Union balance of powers. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The article aims to explore Portugal’s performance in some areas that can be included in a wide concept of Europeanization: the state of the economy, the rule of law, and education. It starts with a brief reference to the evolution of the Portuguese economy since the European accession to conclude that with the adoption of the single currency Portugal entered into a phase of clear economic divergence, making it an exception within the EU. Section 2 is devoted to the rule of law. It highlights how a modern and updated legal system can have an outcome that threatens some basic foundations of the rule of law, and can also contribute to increasing social inequality. The last section focuses on some problems affecting education. Particular attention is drawn to the performance of the secondary education system and to issues related to the quality of higher education institutions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O artigo analisa a evolução da política de concorrência em Portugal, enquadrando-a no contexto das transformações políticas que marcaram as últimas décadas, nomeadamente, a consolidação da democracia e a integração na União Europeia. Após breve resenha do enquadramento legal da política de concorrência, a segunda parte é consagrada à actividade da Autoridade da Concorrência, em particular, no combate aos cartéis e no controlo das concentraçôes de empresas, assim como nos remédios que as empresas negoceiam com a Autoridade no sentido de obter a autorização de uma operação de concentração. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The article aims to explore Portugal’s performance in some areas that can be included in a wide concept of Europeanization: the state of the economy, the rule of law, and education. It starts with a brief reference to the evolution of the Portuguese economy since the European accession to conclude that with the adoption of the single currency Portugal entered into a phase of clear economic divergence, making it an exception within the EU. Section 2 is devoted to the rule of law. It highlights how a modern and updated legal system can have an outcome that threatens some basic foundations of the rule of law, and can also contribute to increasing social inequality. The last section focuses on some problems affecting education. Particular attention is drawn to the performance of the secondary education system and to issues related to the quality of higher education institutions.

Este artigo aborda a questão do chamado referendo sobre o Brexit, estando focado nas questões políticas internas que desencadearam o voto popular que determinaria a saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia, tais como a singularidade da posição britânica no processo de integração europeia, as crescentes dificuldades suscitadas pela opção europeia no seio do Partido Conservador, bem como a forma como David Cameron pretendeu resolver a clivagem partidária. Para além disso, o artigo questiona se a decisão de realização do referendo europeu terá sido tomada em consonância com os procedimentos que regulam o funcionamento das instituições políticas britânicas. The paper is about the so-called Brexit referendum focused on the domestic political issues that lead to the popular vote, which determined the United Kingdom should leave the European Union, such as the uniqueness of the British approach to European integration, the growing problems raised by EU membership inside the Conservative Party and the option chosen by David Cameron to solve the internal cleavage. Moreover, the article questions whether the decision to call the European referendum would challenge the appropriate functioning of British political institutions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion