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This study presents a comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of distillers grain (DG) gum, a bio-based paper coating binder, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Non-renewable energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and eutrophication potential were assessed for each binder. Economic, mass, and energy allocation were used to allocate the impacts of DG gum production with co-products (ethanol and livestock feed). DG production non-renewable energy use (269 to 183 MJ) surpassed that associated with PVA production (168 MJ). GHG emissions from DG gum production under mass and energy allocations were 28% and 37% lower than PVA production emissions, respectively. Corn cultivation is responsible for 55% to 78% of the eutrophication impacts of DG gum production under energy and economic allocation, respectively. Changes to natural gas consumption and fertilizer runoff had the largest influence on total energy use, GHG emissions, and eutrophication potential of DG gum production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coatings contribute to about 10% of the overall cost of paper production of which, the binder is the highest cost component in the formulation. In addition to costs, the binders that are currently being used are synthesized from fossil fuel feedstock raising concerns towards the sustainability of paper coatings. Furthermore, papers coated with waxes, polyolefins and other synthetic materials are difficult to recycle or compost. These challenges inherent with synthetic binders can be addressed by using renewable, plant based binders. This research focused on an abundant and underutilized source of hemicellulose based binders (DG gum) that can be extracted from distiller's dried grains. The extracted binder was compared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a coating formulation consisting of 10:1 CaCO 3 to binder formulation coated on light weight paper. Cobb test, dry and wet tensile tests, optical properties (brightness, color, opacity), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) analysis were performed to compare the hemicellulose based binder with PVA. The results indicate water absorptivity reduction by 25% for both DG gum and PVA coatings from the base paper value. Dry tensile index was lower with higher coating weights for both coatings with similar performance. The performance on WVTR analysis for both coatings was also comparable. No significant differences in optical properties after coating were observed from that of the base paper. These results suggest that hemicellulose based binder extracted from distiller's grains has the potential to replace synthetic binders in paper coating formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Harvesting mixed microalgae using cationic starches, alum, and centrifugation. [•] Processing of harvested microalgae with wet lipid extraction procedure (WLEP). [•] Escherichia coli growth observed in aqueous phase media from WLEP. [•] Production of polyhydroxybutyrate in Escherichia coli grown on aqueous phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Harvested microalgae using cationic starch, alum, and centrifugation. [•] Fractionated into acetone, butanol, ethanol, biodiesel and bacterial growth media. [•] Higher yield of acetone, butanol, and ethanol by cationic starches than alum. [•] Higher biodiesel produced by cationic starches than alum. [•] Higher bacterial growth observed in media obtained from cationic starch harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Identified and studied biogenic amines as a functional group for cationic starch. [•] Synthesized cationic amino starch with putrescine, histamine, cadaverine and tyramine. [•] Optimized reaction conditions for synthesizing high zeta potential cationic starch. [•] Histamine cationic amino starch has high cationicity with lower reaction temperatures. [•] Cationicity of cationic starch with other amines depended on amine concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Glass manufacturing is an energy intensive process where fossil fuel is used to maintain high temperature (about 1700°C) for glass melting. Heat recovery from flue gas (1350–1500°C) is usually in the form of combustion air pre-heating (900–1200°C) using a regenerator. Dust from flue gas which is carried over from the furnace gets deposited in the regenerator storage matrix path. This leads to a deterioration of regenerator efficiency. A regenerator model is developed to estimate the actual performance of the regenerator and to compare it with the target performance. The proposed model is based on mass and energy balance of streams along with heat transfer characteristic equations. The model is illustrated for a 130 TPD (Ton per Day) furnace regenerator of an industrial glass plant at Mumbai, India. Model results for the regenerator studied indicate a blockage of 50% on the doghouse side and 22% on the non-doghouse side of the regenerator. The actual performance of the regenerator is found to be 7% lower than its target performance for the doghouse side regenerator. The model developed can also be used in other industrial sectors like steel, chemical etc. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]