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OBJECTIVES To estimate the occurrence of, and evaluate associations between, hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) among children hospitalized in the PICU. METHODS We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study comparing HA-VTE frequencies among subjects RESULTS Of the 205 231 PICU encounters identified for study, 70 829 (34.5%) underwent MV. The occurrence of HA-VTE was 2.2% and was greater among children who received, versus did not receive, MV (4.4% versus 1.1%, P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed significant association between MV and HA-VTE (odds ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 2.33–2.69; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter, retrospective, registry-based cohort study, HA-VTE were diagnosed in 2.2% of critically-ill children, and after adjustment for central venous catheterization, MV independently increased the risk of HA-VTE 2.5-fold. These findings warrant prospective validation to inform the design of future risk-stratified clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis in critically-ill children.

La investigación proponer un modelo de gestión para la compañía de transporte “Orquídea Amazónica Cía. Ltda."., actualmente las Compañías de Transporte en Puyo. De tipo descriptiva con diseño no experimental. Debido al bajo conocimiento de los empleados en lo referente a la misión, visión o sus mismas funciones en la compañía, se determinó la necesidad de contar con un modelo de gestión que sea sencillo de comprender para los empleados, tendiendo mayores conocimientos para brindar servicios de calidad.

Controlled or induced hypotension is an anesthetic technique that involves deliberate lowering of the blood pressure to a systolic pressure of 80–90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 50–65 mm Hg or 30% less than baseline. The goals of this technique include reducing operative blood loss and improving surgical visibility and thus decreasing operative time. Deep anesthesia with combinations of volatile agent, propofol, or opioid infusions is one approach to providing hypotension. Alternatively, dedicated hypotensive agents such as β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators may be used to achieve these goals. Pharmacological methods may be supplemented by postural (reverse Trendelenburg position) and ventilatory (hyperventilation) interventions. Controlled hypotension carries the theoretical risk of organ hypoperfusion with resultant cerebral, myocardial, hepatic, splanchnic, and renal ischemia. Patients should be carefully selected and attention given to those who are at increased risk of these complications. Decisions regarding the depth and duration of hypotension should be made with these preoperative considerations in mind.

La fuerte dependencia de las naciones por los combustibles fósiles, en particular el petróleo, comporta una gran preocupación en la seguridad energética debido a que juega un papel vital en la generación de avances económicos y sociales en los países en desarrollo. Motivo por el cual, a través de una revisión documental exhaustiva, se aborda la situación energética para las futuras generaciones, enmarcada en una era pos-petrolera donde las energías alternativas como la solar fotovoltaica, eólica y los biocombustibles, debido al auge significativo que han tenido en los últimos años, tendrán la responsabilidad energética de satisfacer la demanda requerida. De igual forma, se analiza el biogás como combustible alternativo producto de una serie de ventajas que ostenta, determinando que se deben generar políticas de estado que involucren a gobiernos, empresas y comunidades en la implementación y desarrollo de este biocombustible.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to discuss the theme of managing operations and supply chains in the so-called “new normal”. It reflects the themes emerging from recent research and how these might be conceptualized.Design/methodology/approachThe article reviews research presented at the EurOMA 2021 conference and eight papers subsequently developed into full journal papers. It considers conceptual themes contained in these papers and how they reflect recent turbulent events in the external business environment.FindingsThe article notes the themes of resilience in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, environmental sustainability, especially climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals, and the significance of digital technologies. Additional themes relating to inter-organizational relationships, complexity and manager cognition are also considered. In order to provide useful insights for future disruptions, general concepts on epistemology and responsiveness are described.Originality/valueThe article discusses general principles across cutting-edge research in operations and supply chain management, to support improved performance to add economic and social value.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an opportunity to address major social and environmental challenges. As a widely agreed framework they offer a potential way to mobilise stakeholders on a global scale. The manner in which the goals, with time-based targets and specific metrics, are set out within a voluntary reporting process adopted by both governments and business, provides a fascinating and important case for organisational studies. It is both about advancing performance measurement and evidence-based policy-making for sustainable development, and also participation and consultation at a wider, more global scale, than has ever been possible before. This paper contributes to the notion of SDGs as a wicked problem, answering calls for deeper theorisation, via synthesis with core ideas in the management field of decision theory. A case study on the wicked problem of deforestation and its links to supply chains, multi-stakeholder initiatives and SDG reporting, provides an illustration of the relevance of the application of decision theory to wicked problems, presented using a novel conceptual framework. This helps to illustrate new avenues for research and practical application regarding the balance of technocratic and participative approaches for sustainable development.

A new general method for computing standard errors of risk and performance estimators is developed. The method relies on the fact that the influence function of an estimator, the Gateaux derivative of the estimator functional in the direction of point mass distributions, may be used to represent the asymptotic variance of the estimator as the expected value of the squared influence function. The law of large numbers shows that the asymptotic variance of an estimator can be estimated as the time series average of the squared influence function, thereby yielding a very simple estimator standard error calculation that does not require knowledge of the asymptotic variance formula. We derive formulas for the influence functions of six risk estimators and seven performance estimators, thereby providing a convenient portfolio performance and risk management tool to easily compute standard errors for most risk and performance estimators of interest or practical importance. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the quality of the standard errors and confidence interval error rates for the Sharpe ratio and downside Sharpe ratio estimators. Software implementations of our proposed method in the R packages RPEIF and RPESE are publicly available on CRAN.

The topic of SDG interactions is a relatively new research area with many knowledge gaps. Some of these gaps are addressed in this summary of a Special Feature of Sustainability Science, including new findings and emerging issues on (1) the characteristics of SDG interactions; (2) methods/methodology to analyse these interactions; and (3) the elaboration of drivers that influence SDG synergies. The importance of scale is clear in two emerging issues. First, there is evidence of a disconnect between national planning for SDGs and their implementation at the local scale which is leading to SDG trade-offs between these scales. Second, the concept of a “critical transition zone” is introduced where SDG trade-offs pose a particular challenge to SDG implementation. These are areas (e.g., peri-urban and forest margin areas in the Global South) undergoing rapid biophysical and/or socio-economic changes and inhabited by populations especially vulnerable to these changes. While trade-offs occur among the SDGs, there are also many examples of synergies which provide opportunities for advancing multiple goals. To distinguish between synergies and the actions that exploit them, the term “synergy driver” is introduced to refer to policies and measures that positively advance two or more goals. Several examples of synergy drivers are presented, including sustainable global supply chains, people-centred early warning systems, and joint conservation-public health programmes. To make synergy drivers relevant to the broader policy community, the research community (working with stakeholders) should first consolidate knowledge about these drivers and then evaluate their effectiveness/applicability to different policy settings.

BACKGROUND: Most ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a high mortality rate. Current screening strategies fail to improve prognosis because markers that are sensitive for early stage disease are lacking. This medical need justifies the search for novel approaches using utero-tubal lavage as a proximal liquid biopsy. METHODS: In this study, we explore the extracellular transcriptome of utero-tubal lavage fluid obtained from 26 ovarian cancer patients and 48 controls using messenger RNA (mRNA) capture and small RNA sequencing. RESULTS: We observed an enrichment of ovarian and fallopian tube specific messenger RNAs in utero-tubal lavage fluid compared to other human biofluids. Over 300 mRNAs and 41 miRNAs were upregulated in ovarian cancer samples compared with controls. Upregulated genes were enriched for genes involved in cell cycle activation and proliferation, hinting at a tumor-derived signal. CONCLUSION: This is a proof-of-principle that mRNA capture sequencing of utero-tubal lavage fluid is technically feasible, and that the extracellular transcriptome of utero-tubal lavage should be further explored in larger cohorts to assess the diagnostic value of the biomarkers identified in this study. IMPACT: Proximal liquid biopsy from the gynecologic tract is a promising source for mRNA and miRNA biomarkers for diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer. ispartof: NEOPLASIA vol:24 issue:2 pages:155-164 ispartof: location:United States status: published

BACKGROUND Children hospitalized for critical asthma (CA) in the pediatric ICU (PICU) are commonly prescribed stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) to mitigate risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We sought to describe trends for SUP prescribing and explore for differences in rates of GI bleeding, gastritis, and SUP-related complications for those with and without SUP exposure. METHODS We performed a retrospective, multicenter cohort study using the Pediatric Hospital Information System registry among 42 children’s hospitals from 2010 to 2019 including children 3 to 17 years of age admitted to the PICU for CA. Primary outcomes were chronologic and regional variation in SUP prescribing assessed by Joinpoint regression and Pearson’s correlation. Rates of GI bleeding, gastritis, enteric ulceration, and SUP-related complications (C. difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and thrombocytopenia) were compared for those with and without SUP exposure. RESULTS Of 30 177 children studied, 10 387 (34.4%) received SUP. No episodes of GI bleeding were recorded. One subject developed gastric ulceration and 32 (0.1%) gastritis. Linear trends for SUP were observed with rates increasing from 25.5% in 2010 to 42.1% in 2019 (+1.9% annually). Prescribing varied by institution (range: 5.5% to 97.2%) without correlation to admission volumes. Extremely rare rates of SUP-related complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS Although children hospitalized for CA routinely receive SUP, no episodes of GI bleeding were noted over a 10-year period. SUP solely for corticosteroid exposure may be unwarranted. We advocate for a targeted approach to SUP considering alternative risk factors for GI bleeding.

Methodology and optimization algorithms for sparse regression are extended to multi-model regression ensembles. In particular, we adapt optimization algorithms for l0-penalized problems to learn ensembles of sparse and diverse models. To generate an initial solution for our algorithm, we generalize forward stepwise regression to multi-model regression ensembles. The sparse and diverse models are learned jointly from the data and constitute alternative explanations for the relationship between the predictors and the response variable. Beyond the advantage of interpretability, in prediction tasks the ensembles are shown to outperform state-of-the-art competitors on both simulated and gene expression data. We study the effect of the number of models and show how the ensembles achieve excellent prediction accuracy by exploiting the accuracy-diversity tradeoff of ensembles. The optimization algorithms are implemented in publicly available R/C++ software packages.

The attached files are supplements to the author’s doctoral dissertation at http://hdl.handle.net/2429/82954

Sparse and ensemble methods are the two main approaches in the statistical literature for modeling high-dimensional data. On the one hand, sparse methods yield a single predictive model that is generally interpretable and possesses desirable theoretical properties. On the other hand, multi-model ensemble methods can generally achieve superior prediction accuracy, but current ensemble methodology relies on randomization or boosting to generate diverse models which results in uninterpretable ensembles. In this dissertation, we introduce a new data-driven ensemble framework that combines ideas from sparse modeling and ensemble modeling. We search for optimal ways to select and split the candidate predictors into subsets for the different models that will be combined in an ensemble. Each model in the ensemble provides an alternative explanation for the relationship between the predictor variables and the response variable. The degrees of sparsity of the individual models and diversity among the models are both driven by the data. The task of optimally splitting the candidate predictors into subsets results in a computationally intractable combinatorial optimization problem when the number of predictors is large. We demonstrate the potential of an exhaustive search for the optimal split of the predictors into the different models of an ensemble on specifically designed low-dimensional data which mimic the typical behavior of high-dimensional data. In this dissertation, we propose different computational approaches to the optimal split selection problem. We introduce a multiconvex relaxation in the regression case and develop efficient algorithms to compute solutions for any level of sparsity and diversity. We show that the resulting ensembles yield consistent predictions and consistent individual models, and provide empirical evidence that this method outperforms state-of-the-art sparse and ensemble methods for high-dimensional prediction tasks using simulated data and a chemometrics application. We then extend the methodology, theory and algorithms to classification ensembles, and investigate the performance of the method on simulated data and a large collection of gene expression datasets. We finally propose a direct computational approach to calculate approximate solutions to the optimal split selection problem in the regression case and benchmark the performance of the method gene expression data.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of good mental health is becoming more and more relevant. Outdoor therapies have been used as treatments for mental health for years, so the researchers investigated if stargazing has the potential to have the same benefits. Rather than surveying people on how often they stargaze, the researchers used light pollution data as a metric for the ability of a region to stargaze. The light pollution data was gathered from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the mental health data was collected from a survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). All fifty states were stratified based on light pollution and ten were chosen for analysis. From these states, the number of people with mental illness, number of people who received mental illness treatment, and number of attempted suicides were all considered. Linear regression was performed for these three metrics against light pollution. Overall, the correlation coefficient is too low to confidently establish correlation. Further research and different methods are required to determine the existence of a correlation.

En este proyecto se ha establecido el diseño de un dron de ala fija (UAV), para monitorear los recursos hídricos del Parque Nacional Cajas. Mediante el software ANSYS con sus módulos de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD), y de fluido-solido (IFS) para la combinación de los perfiles alares NACA 3412 y NACA 4412 con un ángulo de ataque de 5°. This project has established the design of a fixed-wing drone (UAV) to monitor the water resources of the Cajas National Park. Using ANSYS software with its Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Fluid-Solid (IFS) modules for the combination of NACA 3412 and NACA 4412 airfoils with an angle of attack of 5°.

This study reports data on the first occurrence of economic supergene Au in a near-surface silcrete horizon over the Scuddles volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in the Golden Grove district, Western Australia. A deep weathering profile was developed on dacite, rhyodacite, siltstone, and breccia that host primary Cu, Zn, and Pb sulfides with Au-Ag ore. From the base, the weathering profile at Scuddles is subdivided into five main zones: (1) supergene sulfide enrichment zone; (2) supergene oxide enrichment zone; (3) ferruginous saprolite; (4) leached zone of kaolinitic saprolite and silcrete; and (5) lateritic zone of mottled clays, ferruginous duricrust, and gravels. Silcrete at Scuddles hosts supergene Au deposit that formed in two generations: the first is intimately associated with Ag halides during supergene enrichment of the primary VMS, and the second is associated with kaolinite in dissolution cavities inside Ag halides during lateritic weathering. These two Au generations imply more than one mechanism of Au remobilization and formation, multiple fluid pathways, and superimposed episodes of weathering under variable timing and climatic conditions. Gold grains are pure, nanocrystalline (up to 10 nm) and clustered together forming microcrystalline aggregates. A few Au grains are residual in silcrete with Ag-Sb-rich cores and Ag-poor rims possibly formed during dealloying of Ag and Sb. Chemically, Au in silcrete is associated with a multi-element concentration of Ag, I, Br, Cl, Sb, Sn, Bi, Hg, Mo, W, Te, and Ge. Gold and Ag in the supergene weathering profile were mobilized to silcrete as a halide complex under acidic and saline conditions generated during the oxidation of massive sulfides at depth. The precipitation of Au-Ag halides in the silcrete may have taken place in response to a rise in pH. Gold was likely remobilized with kaolinite from the surface lateritic zone, facilitated by decays of plant roots and bioturbation. The clustered spongy, cube-octahedral, platy (six-sided), dendritic-, and reniform-like morphologies of Au in cavities inside Ag halides may indicate biogenic-related processes in its precipitation. Recognizing Au-Ag-rich silcrete over the buried VMS at Scuddles highlights the significance of the silcrete in finding buried VMS, particularly if the gossan is absent.

A research presentation done by Anthony Alexander Madarasz Stiles, about the work he has done this summer. An 11' by 11' active turbulence grid for the boundary layer wind tunnel, was developed to produce turbulence to assist the NSERC FlareNET project. Other work was done on the Northern Tornado's Project to assess severe storms and classify their intensity and determine if their was Tornadic behavior.

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health concern in the Caribbean. Domestic water-storage containers are preferred breeding habitats for synanthropic mosquito species, among which Aedes aegypti stands out due to its role in arbovirus transmission. To determine the microenvironmental features associated with container-dwelling mosquitoes, a house-to-house cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out in 9 Dominican provinces affected by Zika virus in 2016. All containers with the potential to store water were sampled, all immature mosquitoes were collected, and information on the type, capacity, volume of stored water, building material, presence of flowers, and house location was documented. The specimens were identified and larval indices (House index [HI], Container index [CI], Breteau index [BI], and Ae. aegypti Breeding Percentage) were applied. A total of 665 dwellings were surveyed across 30 neighborhoods. A total of 1,420 water-filled container habitats were sampled, 19.3% of which harbored immature mosquitoes of 5 species, including 4 important vectors. The dominance of Ae. aegypti was marked, as it was present in all sampled neighborhoods, inhabiting 272 containers (19.1%). Larval indices were higher than the threshold values accepted (5% for the HI and BI, and 3% for the CI) in almost all neighborhoods. The presence of Aedes spp. was associated with the serviceability of water-holding containers (χ2 = 16.56522; P < 0.001), and the difference in volume between water-holding containers was associated with the presence of Aedes spp. infection (χ2 = 4; P < 0.001), the containers up to 5 liters being the most infested. This is the first entomological research based on synanthropic mosquito breeding habitats that cover urban areas of the 3 macro-regions of the Dominican Republic.

Increased awareness of ‘telecouplings’ between distant producer and consumer systems, through new forms of information exchange, has led to changes in how production systems are governed in relation to sustainability, including through private-sector led and hybrid governance initiatives. This chapter examines the complexities of implementing private-sector-led ‘zero-deforestation’ commitments, which promise to eliminate deforestation from the supply chains of the commodities that companies produce, trade, and/or source. Using the concept of ‘disarticulations,’ this chapter brings an analysis of global production networks into conversation with critical political economy’s emphasis on discourse and knowledge production. We discuss dominant, mainstream discourses prevalent in zero-deforestation governance, including notions that: (i) Implementing zero-deforestation is highly technical and requires the expertise of consultants and third parties; (ii) All supply chain actors have responsibility for zero-deforestation; (iii) The need for data and technologies for governing deforestation; (iv) Jurisdictional approaches provide joined up governance for zero-deforestation. Examining these discourses helps us to understand some of the complexities in the implementation of ‘zero-deforestation’ commitments, how socio-economic processes in global production are linked or delinked, and how people can be connected to or excluded from these chains. Finally, we reflect on opportunities for research and practice in shifting toward sustainable production and consumption of deforestation-risk commodities, and the importance of considering how power relations and knowledge politics shape production networks.

A novel framework for statistical learning is introduced which combines ideas from regularization and ensembling. This framework is applied to learn an ensemble of logistic regression models for high-dimensional binary classification. In the new framework the models in the ensemble are learned simultaneously by optimizing a multi-convex objective function. To enforce diversity between the models the objective function penalizes overlap between the models in the ensemble. Measures of diversity in classifier ensembles are used to show how our method learns the ensemble by exploiting the accuracy-diversity trade-off for ensemble models. In contrast to other ensembling approaches, the resulting ensemble model is fully interpretable as a logistic regression model, asymptotically consistent, and at the same time yields excellent prediction accuracy as demonstrated in an extensive simulation study and gene expression data applications. The models found by the proposed ensemble methodology can also reveal alternative mechanisms that can explain the relationship between the predictors and the response variable. An open-source compiled software library implementing the proposed method is briefly discussed.

In this paper, we investigate the economic and behavioural factors affecting a firm’s optimal choices in the creation and management of its supply chain, and the resulting output in terms of economic value creation and social/ethical or environmental performance, defined as ‘public value’ (Bozeman, 2002; Moore & Bennington, 2011). Furthermore, we consider the effects of management’s extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, and the resulting alignment or conflicts between management and shareholders. Our game-theoretic analysis models how firms and their suppliers weigh up maximisation of economic value with delivering any level of ‘public value’ (social or environmental outcomes). Included are the risk of reputational damage destroying trust, and the economic penalty related to a public value outcome. Our model shows that an alignment in social preference across the supply chain is important, as is consumer pressure. This is equally true when customers (or investors) are motivated solely by cost reduction or profit maximisation. In making its choices, the focal firm faces twin pressures from within the supply-chain as to whether they too will act to maximise economic value or public value, and externally (from ethical/socially-minded consumers). We model the impact of values alignment and misalignment between firm, supplier and customer, and the threat of moral hazard, providing an application of behavioural OR in sustainable supply chain management. This helps to theorise the drivers for irresponsible behaviour that can lead to significant reputational damage and subsequent negative economic performance.

El deporte se ha consolidado como un estilo de vida que todo individuo tiene derecho a tener, no solo es una excelente forma de aprovechar el tiempo libre, a través del deporte las personas desarrollan actitudes positivas, buenos valores, practicas saludables e incluso el potenciamiento de la salud mental. Algunos municipios de la Guajira no cuentan con espacios adecuados para la práctica del deporte, por lo que la población, en especial los adolescentes, tienden a emplear su tiempo libre de manera inadecuada, viven en la cotidianidad, los deportistas de la región no pueden explotar sus capacidades entre otras cuestiones, debido a lo anterior, surge la propuesta del centro deportivo Arnoldo Iguarán en el municipio de El Molino, un complejo donde las personas se puedan desarrollar en el ámbito deportivo, a nivel social, recreacional, emocional e incluso en el ámbito económico. El proyecto fue diseñado en un área de 32.457 m2 que contendrá 3 canchas múltiples (voleibol, baloncesto, futsal), una cancha de futbol rodeada por una pista de atletismo, una cancha de tenis, un edificio principal con aulas, gimnasio, oficinas, cafetería, deportes interiores, una piscina semi-olímpica, un parque, zonas verdes por todo el complejo, una PTAR para el tratamiento de aguas residuales y una vía de acceso en pavimento flexible. Con esta inversión de 11.161.147.434 pesos colombianos, se beneficiaran 25.000 personas provenientes del municipio de El Molino y zonas aledañas como Villanueva, tendrán un espacio para su desarrollo integral, un lugar que les dará identidad y mejorara su estilo de vida. Sport has become established as a lifestyle that every person has the right to have, not only is it an excellent way to take advantage of free time, through sports, people develop positive attitudes, good values, healthy practices and even mental health enhancement. Some municipalities of the Guajira don’t have adequate spaces for the practice of sport, so the population, especially adolescents, tend to use their free time inadequately, live in everyday life, athletes in the region cannot exploit their abilities among other issues, due to the above, arises the proposal of the Arnoldo Iguarán sports center in the municipality of El Molino, a complex where people can develop in the sports field, at the social, recreational, emotional and even economic levels. The project was designed in an area of 32.457 m2 that will contain 3 multiple sports courts (volleyball, basketball, futsal), a soccer field surrounded by an athletics track, a tennis court, the main building with classrooms, gym, offices, cafeteria, indoor sports, a semi-Olympic pool, a park, green areas throughout the complex, a PTAR for waste water treatment and a flexible paved access road. With an investment of $11.161.147.434, the project will benefit 25.000 people from the municipality of El Molino and surrounding areas such as Villanueva, they will have a space for their integral development, a place that will give them identity and improve their lifestyle.

This report describes the complete mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition by using a digital workflow on a non-hinge simulated patient. A dentiform was used to simulate a patient with loss of occlusal vertical dimension. Physical diagnostic waxing along with a digital workflow was then used to re-establish the occlusal vertical dimension at the interim and definitive restoration stages.

La investigación lleva por nombre: Social Commerce y su relación en el canal de distribución en la Asociación de Comerciantes Señor de Los Milagros San Diego, Lima 2020, cuyo objetivo general fue determinar la relación existente entre el social commerce y el canal de distribución en la asociación de comerciantes antes mencionada. La investigación fue de tipo básica, método hipotético deductivo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, enfoque cuantitativo de nivel correlacional. Del total de la población se tomó como muestra a 81 comerciantes minoristas de productos de primera necesidad quienes trabajan en el centro de abastos ubicado en el distrito de San Martín de Porres, el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se empleó como técnica la encuesta y se elaboró un cuestionario con 36 preguntas en la escala de Lickert (totalmente de acuerdo, de acuerdo, ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo, en desacuerdo, totalmente en desacuerdo) dirigido a los comerciantes, el cual antes de ser aplicado fue validado por profesionales expertos y a través del estadístico de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach (0,781), cuyos resultados fueron analizados forma gráfica y descriptiva. Finalmente, se evidenció la relación significativa entre el social commerce y el canal de distribución en la asociación de comerciantes Señor de Los Milagros San Diego, Lima 2020, De acuerdo con el coeficiente estadístico Rho de Spearman (0,261) en un nivel de relación bajo. Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Gestión Logística