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Contains fulltext : 293110.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Maroon societies are seriously understudied in the restorative justice (RJ) field, which is odd considering their age-old struggle against retributive justice systems. Precisely because the rise of Maroons can be understood as an attempt to 'reappropriate conflict' and bring back legal protection to formerly enslaved African-Americans who had been subjected to the crudest of laws under colonial regimes, we should not forget that history when considering how RJ can contribute to or replace criminal justice systems in the 21st century. In Suriname, a renewed interest in the Maroons has recently boosted the RJ movement. Against the background of a discussion between maximalists and abolitionists, we reactivate the 'transferability debate' by asking if and how maroon justice in the country's interior can be brought to the city and help its criminal justice system to develop RJ. Our answer combines 20th century anthropologists' work on maroon justice in Suriname with the first steps that we have taken in our own ethnography with ex-detained Maroon and Creole youth in Paramaribo and their receptiveness to hypothetical RJ measures. 22 p.

Contains fulltext : 292082.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In the debate about the integration of refugees in European nation-states, several scholars have recently noted a so-called 'agency paradox' (Klaver et al., Citation2018), which draws a contrast between, on the one hand, the initiative and inventiveness of refugees during their flight and, on the other hand, an allegedly lethargic attitude upon arrival in a new country. In this paper, we will unpack this paradox in a critical analysis of civic integration in the Netherlands. We shall write 'against integration' (cf. Rytter, Citation2019) by recovering the muted voices of a group of Eritrean refugees whose future depends on the obligation to complete civic integration exams. Using Dialogical Self Theory (DST), we will demonstrate that a seemingly passive attitude among migrants must not be interpreted as a lack of agency. Instead, we will show that their agency is silenced and subordinated by the integration process, but that they are simultaneously involved in a hidden dialogue with the new society in order to negotiate a future in which their multiple identifications as both Eritrean and Dutch are recognized. By facilitating the recovery and recognition of the muted voices of Eritrean refugees, Dialogical Self Theory contributes to their empowerment. 20 april 2023 19 p.

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Contains fulltext : 250911.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) According to 'generational' thinking, traditional, non-participatory service-delivery oriented organisations are expected to gradually evolve into participatory organisations aiming for structural change. Strikingly, it appears that this conventional wisdom has never been tested rigorously. This research seeks to help address this gap, employing a unique longitudinal study design, tracing the evolution of Dutch small-scale development initiatives in Kenya. We found that the overwhelming majority changed neither strategy nor manner of intervention. Our analysis highlights various, often mutually reinforcing factors that form an impediment to change. Only a few of these organisations were able to overcome the constraints, with additional financial resources being a key determinant. Although this research has various limitations stemming from the specific character of the sample, it does at least suggest consideration of the need for a nuancing in generational thinking and a more open understanding of NGOs' potential change trajectories. 28 p.

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Contains fulltext : 286169.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) How is policy implementation affected by increased polarisation and extreme shifts in politics? In order to address this question, the paper focuses on frontline workers' (street-level bureaucrats') interpretations of political shifts and how these are then translated into practice. Building on ethnographic fieldwork conducted among social workers in Northeast Brazil, the paper proposes a theoretical framework for analysing the influence of political landscapes on policy implementation by foregrounding the political processes in which these agents play a critical role. Drawing on empirical data, the paper proposes ideal types of possible outcomes of translation practices - counterbalance, collaboration, resistance - that function as a guiding framework for future research. 14 p.

Contains fulltext : 293932.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) While acknowledging the important role of shelter organizations in protecting migrant rights, recent debates point to the thin line between care and control practices within shelters. This study seeks to deepen this observation by approaching shelters as spaces defined by a constant inward/outward mobility of people. From this starting point, we use the de-migranticization framework to understand and question the normalization of difference that divides migrant people (being reproduced as the typical guest) from international volunteers (being reproduced as the typical host) through sheltering practices in two rather different geopolitical contexts (Mexico and the Netherlands). We use our ethnographic insights to not only illustrate how difference is reproduced but also to analyze the practices that seek to transgress and undo these divides. We argue that highlighting the conviviality and interconnectedness between these differentiated actors in the broader context of cross-border mobility is of vital importance to question and overcome the coloniality of contemporary border regimes. However, we do not imply that these aspects have the potential to completely undo difference, as they are a constant struggle embedded in the relational practices of the people composing such a divide. 12 p.

Contains fulltext : 290859.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Covid-19 forced changes in everyday life upon large sections of the world's population, with lockdowns and social distancing measures effecting conditions of work and leisure for billions of people. In this context our research created a space in which people living in countries in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Africa were invited to imagine what the future could look like - beyond the pandemic - by writing a Letter from the Future. In this paper we examine what these letters show about one particular relationship between the present and the future: a relationship of hope. In the context of major crises, and the complex experiences of loss they involve, the nature of and possibilities for hope becomes an urgent issue. We analyse a selection of responses from participants between 18 and 35 years-old, from Ecuador and Greece, to address two questions: (1) Do these letters express hope? (2) If so, in what ways is this hope political? Our answers to these questions have implications for understanding the nature, possibilities and politics of hope at times of crisis. They also have implications for futures studies: indicating the potential value of embedding the Letters from the Future method in a range of research contexts. 11 p.

Contains fulltext : 292462.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This article takes the cycle-rickshaw industry in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as a point of departure for examining the discrepancy between the everyday rhythms and embodied realities of Dhaka traffic and the idealized image of mobility that drives imaginations of the urban future. The cycle-rickshaw is often excluded from such imaginations, as the vehicle is not only blamed for obstructing the flow of traffic but also for impeding trajectories of urban change. I argue that such exclusionary notions of the urban future, which build on linear and epochal notions of urban change, obscure the many ways in which everyday mobilities gesture to temporal experiences of endurance rather than transformation. I employ the notion of endurance to capture both the physical effort of navigating Dhaka traffic and the distinct temporality of rickshaw labor. I show that rickshaw labor, although arduous, allows drivers to keep on going amidst the various needs of the present by providing them with "instant cash." Rickshaw mobilities thus highlight the friction between epochal notions of urban change and the durability and contingency of the imperfect safety nets and practices that people rely on for the time being. 10 april 2023 11 p.

Item does not contain fulltext Fulfilling basic needs for clean water and sanitation is still a challenge faced by Indonesia in achieving SDGs targets. In 2019, national access to basic sanitation was 77.83%, whereas in Java Province only reached 66.25% of its population. The high rate of urbanization increases the number of slum areas in big cities in Indonesia. One of the problems commonly found in slum areas is the lack of sanitation facilities and infrastructure including clean water, wastewater, drainage, and waste management. Improving access to sanitation in slum areas has faced notable financial challenges. Meanwhile, in the past few years, the making of rainbow villages or colorful villages is becoming a trend as an effort to improve the visuals of slum areas by painting houses. In further development, village visual improvement may convert the area into a tourism destination. The increase in social and economic value from being a tourism destination is expected to help stimulate the improvement of sanitation management in the village. Thus, the need to study rainbow village optimizing factors emerge. There are several rainbow villages in Bandung including Kampung Pelangi 200 and Kampung Cibunut Berwarna. Descriptive research design is used to compare and understand how the villages respond to the program. The survey research method is used to gather data. Based on the discussion, factors to be considered to optimize the aesthetical program and enable sanitation access acceleration are 1) Legality, 2) Institutional scheme, 3) Financial, and 4) Social. 7 p.

Item does not contain fulltext This study is intended to conduct a scoping review of the application of social network analysis (SNA) in predicting political participation in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The literature shows that investigations into political participation are not new in Indonesia. However, research that uses the application of SNA as an approach to explain the behavior of political participation in Indonesia is still very rare. For this reason, a scoping review is needed to provide an overview of political participation using a social network lens. The scoping review implementation was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's 5-step framework. The results of the scoping review show that the political participation among Indonesians is considered at a sufficient level, especially at the regional level. However, investigations of political participation using the SNA method are shown to be very rare. This research is useful for showing topics that can be explored in the social and political fields, especially by using the individual social network approach 22 p.

Contains fulltext : 239412.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Organizational research has come a long way in understanding and dealing with inequalities in the workplace. Despite this, there has not been enough progress toward equality. The reason for the stymied progress, we argue, is in large part due to the conceptual gaps in our understanding of equality. This has not been clear enough to prevent previous imbalances in power, interests and domination from re-manifesting themselves in new ways. Because organizations are complex, there needs to be a clear definition and goal of equality that can account for these mechanisms. In this article, we present a conceptual approach we call intersectional equality. To develop this approach, we build on Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectionality and Joan Acker's inequality regimes that are useful for understanding the presence and persistency of inequality in organizations, but these do not define solutions for equality. At this point, we turn to equality and justice theory and examine Amartya Sen's capabilities approach for incorporating organizations and organizational responsibilities to pursue equality. In light of the conceptual gaps in intersectionality, the inequality regimes, and the capabilities approach, we present intersectional equality as a conclusive alternative concept and approach. Intersectional equality sharpens the feminist definition and vision of equality for organizations and provides a practical path forward for building coalitions and capabilities across four dimensions of organizational disparities (procedural, discursive, material, and affective). 18 p.

Contains fulltext : 282383.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In this article, I argue that drinking water quality is a sociomaterial phenomenon with scale and temporality; I argue further that the way in which actors in urban environments influence drinking water quality affects how people access water and the degree to which they are exposed to drinking-water-related hazards. Understanding the complexity of the multiple possible impacts on drinking water quality requires attentiveness to the heterogeneous social, political and technical relations that together constitute a 'drinking water quality assemblage'. Different problematisations of drinking water quality can also contribute to the emergence of multiple contested assemblages. Using a qualitative case study developed over eight months in Senegal including interviews, participation, observation and document review, I explore coexisting assemblages of drinking water quality in Kaolack, Senegal. I categorise the assemblages as state, implementer, provider and consumer. These vary in the degree to which each assemblage is flexible or rigid: they also exhibit differences in the scales and temporalities of concern for drinking water quality problems. I argue that this theorisation of drinking water quality relates better to the dynamic and multiple materiality of water and water quality than do the static and inflexible technical definitions that are more commonly found in policy and planning documents. 20 p.

Item does not contain fulltext This article gives insight into the ballroom scene in the Netherlands, in which queers of colour find a safe space that enables what they call individual 'transformation' towards becoming their 'free-selves'. During lessons and club events called 'balls' their performances are constantly evaluated and corrected, as co-students, teachers, audiences, and judges at the end of the runway exhort them to 'work' and 'fake it'. Understanding ballroom as a form of minoritarian liberalism, this article uses these phrases to explore through what precise operations of self ballroom generates a form of queer freedom. Drawing on post-secular theories of docility, imitation and agency, we show that the cultivation of queer 'free-selves' is arduous and requires incessant individual and collective disciplinary labour. By disciplining the body to the outer, scripted performance of alternative gendered ways of being, the inner self changes accordingly. It can become the free and confident self that the body has been taught to imitate and display. Ballroom’s critical force does not lie solely in its queering of dominant constellations of sex and gender, but also in its queering of the operation and meaning of freedom. 21 p.

Contains fulltext : 252588.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Recent studies conclude that higher-educated migrants experience less belonging to the residence country than lower-educated migrants, which has been dubbed the integration paradox. World citizenship is a possible explanation yet has been left untheorized and empirically untested. We are the first to theorize and test this mechanism for Turkish migrants in the Netherlands using a mixed-methods approach. Results based on the NIS2NL survey confirm that world citizenship is an explanation of this paradox when acknowledging its interplay with belonging to the origin country. World citizenship is associated with a lower sense of belonging to the Netherlands, albeit only when migrants feel a low sense of belonging to Turkey. These findings are underlined by in-depth interviews with purposively sampled highly-skilled Turkish migrants (N = 32). Moreover, two proposed narrative strategies are vital to understand the negative association between world citizenship and national belonging. World citizenship is thus key in understanding the integration paradox. 23 p.

Contains fulltext : 234351.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Children are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of HIV/AIDS. This paper reports on the challenges faced by children due to their or their parents' HIV/AIDS status and the role of HIV-sensitive social protection in mitigating these challenges. We conducted 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews - 15 with children affected by HIV/AIDS (aged 13-18 years) and 17 with parents of children aged 10-12 years. We found children face significant challenges associated with poverty, gender norms, stigma, and lack of social support which affect their rights to education, shelter, treatment, and food. HIV-sensitive social protection packages such as conditional cash transfer, counselling, and community sensitization help continuation of education, facilitate access to treatment and social protection services, reduce stigma in the community and improve wellbeing of children. Children's accessibility to these services was limited due to distance, transport expenses, poor health conditions of the parents, gender issues, and stigma. HIV-sensitive social protection is effective in improving children's wellbeing. Continuation and expansion of HIV-sensitive social protection packages including conditional cash transfer, psychosocial counselling, and community sensitization and life skills training to facilitate HIV/AIDS affected children's wellbeing and inclusion is recommended. 6 p.

Contains fulltext : 251294.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) This article contributes to the literature on global value chains by examining how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) promote gender equality. NGOs have been instrumental in setting social standards that seek to institutionalise gender-sensitive governance structures. However, relatively little is known about their roles in doing so. Using in-depth empirical research on the Women@Work Campaign in the cut-flower sector in Kenya, the article examines how a coalition of Kenyan NGOs and an international NGO push for gender equality in global value chains. While the Kenyan NGOs do most of the actual work on the ground, the international NGO uses its position to facilitate and empower the local NGOs to do their work. Yet, we see that funding conditions hamper the local NGOs' efforts to promote gender equality. Overall, our analysis highlights that NGOs fulfil important roles in promoting gender equality in horticulture value chains but the requirements of the international aid system act as a constraint. 17 p.

Contains fulltext : 249460.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Coal production and coal export are important elements of the Indonesian economy, but mining operations are frequently plagued by conflicts among companies or between companies and local communities. In this article, we consider the role law plays in these conflicts and argue that it is, in fact, a factor that causes conflict. This is because mining governance rests with different levels and institutions of government, which has divided and delegated government authority and efficiency, and because revisions of relevant laws fail to take this complexity into account. Coal mining governance is therefore hampered by the inconsistency, ambiguity and incompleteness of the law, causing legal uncertainty for the stakeholders. Making use of cases encountered during research in the province of East Kalimantan, a major coal-producing area, we discuss the causes and consequences of the current state of coal mining legislation. 15 p.

Contains fulltext : 248706.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Gender and diversity interventions often do not have the planned effect, at least partly because of resistance. As a result, resistance is predominantly perceived as a negative to overcome. Contributing to theories on resistance to gender change, this paper increases our understanding of resistance practices and explores how these contribute to organizational change. Drawing on a case study in the Dutch military, we present a fine-grained analysis of the discursive resistance practices to the introduction of women in a previously men-only military unit. The paper brings together three strands of literature: on gender interventions, on organizational resistance, and on hegemonic military masculinity to unpack the nuances in resistance. We highlight the ambiguities and contradictions in the discursive resistance practices, and explicate how these entail shifts in organizational gender beliefs and the discourse on hegemonic military masculinity. We conclude that instead of trying to avoid resistance, there is a need to better understand what kind of change resistance is already putting into motion. 20 p.

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Contains fulltext : 291672.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This article addresses the way in which female players of "traditional" amateur football clubs in the Netherlands manage to create their team as "open" and "inclusive". Drawing on the notion of playfulness and linguistic perspectives on humour, we show that women players engage in shared sexual joking and embodied performances that centre around gendered and sexual stereotypes and norms. In contrast to a reading of the persistence of norms as limiting anti-normative agency, a focus on play shifts attention to the active recontextualisation of norms in localized interaction and their "nested" quality - thus suggesting that norms are always imbricated in their alternative. It is through the subtle recoding of gendered and sexual norms and stereotypes Independent scholar accomplished in interactional forms of verbal and spatial play that team members recreate traditional club spaces, albeit transiently, into alternative sportscapes nested within otherwise strongly (hetero)normative spaces. 21 maart 2023 14 p.

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Contains fulltext : 290579.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In a special issue in Ethnography, the question was raised how to study violence ethnographically in Latin America and the Caribbean. The present article seeks to extend this special issue with reflections on how to study different forms of violence 'after the fact', based on fieldwork at a juvenile detention centre in Curaçao in 2019 and 2020. We present intersubjectively realistic accounts of violence in the family sphere. These accounts came into being by means of two acts of empirical triangulation: (1) looking at violent episodes through the eyes of different people involved and (2) contrasting the counterstories that emerged from this with the detention centre's case files that construct particular images of the detained youth and their family members. We end the article with critical reflections on our own unwitting contribution to the production of silence, which frustrated the youth’s counterstories. 22 februari 2023 20 p.

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