Search

Parmelina tiliacea is an Ecuadorian lichen that has been little studied in relation to its potential applications. The research was carried out with the objective of establishing the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of P. tiliacea, by an in vitro cell method based on the use of a soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) on isolated neutrophils. Atranorin and pulvinic dilactone were isolated from lichen P. tiliacea by chromatographic me- thods (flash column chromatography and TLC). The compounds were identified with the help of spectrosco- pic studies (UV and IR), chromatographic (TLC) and specific identification tests for lichen compounds using chemical reagents established for this type of molecules. The results of cytotoxic activity showed a reduction of cell viability up to 15-20% in the presence of a concentration of 200 μg/mL of these compounds. At the same concentration of 200 μg / mL, the anti-inflammatory activity of atranorin, dilactone of pulvinic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (positive control) were respectively 75.92±0.73%, 73.65±0.44% and 83.77±0.47%, respectively. This study represents the basis for subsequent lichen research in Ecuador. Parmelina tiliacea es una especie de liquen de Ecuador que ha sido poco estudiada en relación a sus potenciales aplicaciones. La investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de establecer la actividad antiinflamatoria y citotóxica de P. tiliacea, mediante un método celular in vitro basado en el uso de una sal de tetrazolio solu- ble (WST-1) sobre neutrófilos aislados. Las moléculas de atranorina y dilactona del ácido pulvínico fueron aisladas del liquen P. tiliacea mediante métodos cromatográficos (cromatografía flash en columna y TLC). Los compuestos fueron identificados con la ayuda de estudios espectroscópicos (UV e IR), cromatográficos (TLC) y pruebas de identificación específicas para compuestos liquénicos usando reactivos químicos establecidos para este tipo de moléculas. Los resultados de actividad citotóxica mostraron una reducción de la viabilidad celular hasta un 15 – 20% a una concentración de 200 μg/mL de ambos compuestos identificados. A la misma concentración de 200 μg/mL, la actividad antiinflamatoria de atranorina, dilactona del ácido pulvínico y ácido acetilsalicílico (control positivo) fueron 75.92±0.73%, 73.65±0.44% y 83.77±0.47%, respectivamente. Este estudio constituye la base para investigaciones posteriores sobre líquenes en el Ecuador.

Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, and coumarins and their metal-ions complexes due to different structural characteristics. In addition to insight into the most studied antioxidative properties of these compounds, the first part of the review provides a comprehensive overview of exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages of lipids and proteins, and on protective roles of antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, the review covers the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins and their metal-ion complexes which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology.

Se realizo un estudio quimico y biologico preliminar de la especie Vismia cayennensis, colectada en el estado Amazonas, Venezuela. El ensayo antibacteriano (Bauer et al., 1966) del extracto de la corteza de la planta revelo una inhibicion significativa de los microorganismos Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. y Staphylococcus aureus. Ademas, tres de las cincos fracciones solubles en solventes de distintas polaridades, especificamente las de cloroformo, acetona y agua, mantuvieron de manera moderada, esta actividad frente a la cepa Shigella sp. El extracto hidroalcoholico de la planta y la fraccion soluble en cloroformo, exhibieron un efecto antiinflamatorio apreciable (Choi et al., 2004) . Los ensayos de citotoxicidad realizados por los metodos de (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-5-(3-carboximetoxifenil)-2-(4-sulfofenil)-2H-tetrazolio)/metosulfato de fenazina (MTS/PMS) y sulforodamina B (Houghton et al., 2007; Promega Corporation, 2009) , revelaron que solo la fraccion soluble en agua presenta efecto citotoxico. Adicionalmente, se realizo un estudio fitoquimico (Marcano et al., 2002) obteniendose informacion de la presencia de algunas familias de metabolitos secundarios, tales como flavonoides, saponinas, taninos, polifenoles, antraquinonas, triterpenos y esteroles. Se puede inferir que la corteza del tallo de la planta V. cayennensis, es una fuente promisoria de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos. ABSTRACT A chemical and biological preliminary study of the species Vismia cayennensis , collected in the Amazonas state, Venezuela. The antibacterial test (Bauer et al ., 1966) of plant bark extract showed significant inhibition in Escherichia coli , Shigella sp and Staphylococcus aureus . In addition, three of the five soluble fractions of different polarity solvents, specifically those o f chloroform, acetone and water, maintained moderately active against Shigella sp strain. The hydroalcoholic extract of the plant and the fraction soluble in chlorofor m, exhibited a significant anti inflammatory effect (Choi et al., 2004). Cytotoxicity tests performed by the methods of (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboximetoxifenil)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)/phenazine methosulfate of (MTS/PMS) and sulforhodamine B (Houghton et al., 2007, Promega Corporation), revealed that only has water soluble cytotoxic effect. Additionally, a study phytochemical (Marcano et al ., 2002) obtained information on the presence of some families of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, triterpenes and sterols. It can be inferred that the stem bark of the plant V. cayennensis , is a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites.

Per lipossigenasi (nota più comunemente con l'abbreviazione di LOX o LO) si intende una famiglia eterogenea di enzimi in grado di perossidare i lipidi e di causare l'ossigenazione di acidi grassi polinsaturi trasformandoli, così, nei corrispettivi derivati idroperossidici. Nello specifico, la 5-LO rappresenta l'enzima chiave nell'ossidazione dell'acido arachidonico (AA) in LTA4, intermedio indispensabile per la sintesi dei leucotrieni, potenti mediatori flogistici coinvolti in una serie di differenti processi patologici. Va da sé che l'inibizione, dell'attività di tale enzima, induce la diretta riduzione di LT, definendo la LOX come valido drug-target per la farmacoterapia di disturbi infiammatori quali asma, rinite allergica, aterosclerosi e alcune forme neoplastiche. [a cura dell'autore] XIII n.s.

O gênero Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae), amplamente distribuído no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foi investigado visando a análise química dos óleos voláteis e a avaliação in vitro das atividades anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antifúngica dos óleos obtidos. Foram coletadas quatro espécies de Ocotea (O. acutifolia, O. indecora, O. puberula e O. silvestris) em diversas localidades do Rio Grande do Sul. A composição química foi determinada por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas, onde os óleos apresentaram predominância de sesquiterpenos. Não foi observada a presença de monoterpenos nas espécies estudas, exceto para uma das coletas realizadas para O. indecora, cujo óleo apresentou 16% de monoterpenos hidrocarbonetos, representados em especial por beta-pineno. Para uma das espécies, O. acutifolia, foi observada a predominância de um diterpeno no óleo. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi realizada pelo método da câmara de Boyden, sendo que nenhum óleo analisado apresentou atividade. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante, esta foi determinada pela reação com 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazila (DPPH) por espectrofotometria. Apenas o óleo de O. silvestris foi testado, e o resultado foi negativo para essa atividade. A avaliação da atividade antifúngica foi realizada através da concentração inibitória mínima e os óleos voláteis testados apresentaram uma inibição no crescimento da cepa de Candida parapsilosis numa concentração de 500 μg/mL. The genus Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae), widely distribuited in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was investigated aiming to chemical analysis of volatile oils and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal activities of the obtained oils. Four species of Ocotea (O. acutifolia, O. indecora, O. puberula and O. silvestris) were collected from different localities of Rio Grande do Sul. The chemical compositions was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, where the oils showed a predominance of sesquitepenes. O. indecora, except for, it was observed the absence of monoterpenos in the studied species. In this species, the oil presents 16% hydrocarbon monoterpenos represented in particular beta-pinene. For one species, O. acutifolia, the predominance of a diterpene in the oil was observed. The anti-inflamatory activity was evalued by the Boyden Chamber method, and this activity was observed for the tested oils. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity, this was determined by reaction with 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH) by spectrophotometry method. In this test only the oil, O. silvestris was tested and the result was negative for this activity. The evaluation of antifungal activity was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration and volatile oils tested showed an inhibition in the growth of Candida parapsilosis strain at a concentration of 500 μg/mL.

Se ensayó la actividad antiinflamatoria de extractos acuoso, etanólico y diclorometano preparados de hojas de Baccharis lanceolata, los extractos fueron administrados oral o tópicamente en ratas con edema plantar producida por carragenina o a ratones con edema auricular inducido por aceite de crotón, respectivamente. El efecto antiinflamatorio resultó ser dosis-dependiente, presentando el mayos antiedema el extracto diclorometano, con inhibición del 68% en ambos modelos., Watery, ethanolic and di-chloromethane extracts made of leafs of Baccharis lanceolata, were assayed by their possible anti-inflamatory activity. Extracts were given oral and topically to rats with plantar edema produced by carragenin or to rats with auricular edema induced by croton oil, respectively. This effect was dosis-dependent and the major effect anti-edema was the dichloromethane extract which produced 68% of inhibition in both patterns.

Watery, ethanolic and di-chloromethane extracts made of leafs of Baccharis lanceolata, were assayed by their possible anti-inflamatory activity. Extracts were given oral and topically to rats with plantar edema produced by carragenin or to rats with auricular edema induced by croton oil, respectively. This effect was dosis-dependent and the major effect anti-edema was the dichloromethane extract which produced 68% of inhibition in both patterns. Se ensayó la actividad antiinflamatoria de extractos acuoso, etanólico y diclorometano preparados de hojas de Baccharis lanceolata, los extractos fueron administrados oral o tópicamente en ratas con edema plantar producida por carragenina o a ratones con edema auricular inducido por aceite de crotón, respectivamente. El efecto antiinflamatorio resultó ser dosis-dependiente, presentando el mayos antiedema el extracto diclorometano, con inhibición del 68% en ambos modelos.