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Oxygen, an essential molecule for aerobic life, can be the cause of oxidative stress, resulting from a breakdown of the equilibrium between pro-oxidant systems (mitochondrial respiratory chain, ionizing radiation, etc.) and antioxidant systems (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, vitamins, trace elements, etc.). Reactive oxygen species, mediators of oxidative stress, are very unstable chemicals that seek to stabilize by reacting with different biological molecules, resulting in irreversible damage to lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Reactive oxygen species are thus involved in many pathologies that can be alleviated by nutritional supplementation with antioxidants. This synthesis summarizes the reactive oxygen species production mechanisms, their effects on biological targets and their involvement in autoimmune diseases, body-specific defense systems, assessment of the oxidative stress status and possible antioxidant therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural plant extracts are sustainable alternatives to chemical food additives with less side effects. Wild and cultivated artichoke bracts (cynara cardunculus L.) were evaluated for their bioactive content and scavenging activity on two stages (bracts stage) I and (full bloom stage) II. Head flowers were collected from the second stage and analyzed for their coagulating properties. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids total content in bracts extracts of wild artichoke significantly exceeded those of the cultivated plant; a decrease of these compounds was noted from stage I to stage II for both plants. Flowers Enzymatic extract of both plants exhibited a reduced clotting time and a lower proteolytic activity. Indeed, 280 μg tyr / ml was measured for microbial rennet, 90 μg tyr / ml for the wild artichoke flower extract and 85 μg tyr / ml for the cultivated artichoke flower. This study revealed the potential interest of valorization of artichoke different parts commonly considered as dietary waste in different food and health applications.

Blends of olive oils obtained from four cultivars (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali, Chetoui, Oueslati and Koroneiki) were produced by two different methods of blending: processing fruit mixtures or mixing monovarietal oils, using the same proportions of selected cultivars. The obtained blends were biochemically characterized to evaluate quality, and the two methods were compared. The results indicated that the most successful formulations are mainly F8 (60% Chemlali × 20% Oueslati × 20% Koroneiki) characterized by the highest contents of phenols and an elevated oxidative stability, and F5 (50% Chemlali × 50% Koroneiki) containing the highest MUFA level and the highest oxidative stability. The effect of the blending process on pigments and volatiles cannot be easily regulated, unlike phenols, fatty acid composition and OS, all of which positively correlated to the fruit mass ratio in the blend. Results suggest that processing fruit mixtures of different cultivars resulted in a better oil quality than that of oils obtained by the common oil blending method. This blending procedure offers a possibility to modulate the contents of antioxidants, fatty acids and volatile compounds in virgin olive oil, and therefore, its quality and sensorial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural carotenoids are more and more sought after for their coloring and bioactive properties. In this work, the carotenoid content was evaluated in the hexane extracts of different organs and six (06) carotenoids were characterized in the extracts of the leaves of Cymbopogon giganteus acclimatized in Burkina Faso. The contents of total carotenoids were estimated at 13.3 μg, 4.2 μg and 1.5 μg of β-carotene equivalent (EBC) / mg of dry extract, respectively in the hexanic extracts of leaves, stems and roots of C. giganteus. The major carotenoids that were identified by thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS) for the first time in the extracts of this plant are lutein, 5,6-epoxylutein, violaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthine and Phytoène. Moreover, the total antioxidant contents evaluated by FRAP and DPPH methods vary between 28.6 and 34.1 μg TE/mg extract; 19.4 and 23.6 μg TE/mg extract; and 16.5 and 18.1 μg TE/mg dry extract respectively for leaves, stems and roots. Hexane extracts of the different parts of C. giganteus may be a potential source of natural antioxidants and carotenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of the effect of ginger on the modulation of toxic effects induced by lead is the objective of our study. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated daily for 3 consecutive months. Group I (0-0) was kept as control; group II (0-G) received an experimental diet with 2% of ginger; group III (Pb-0) received 2% lead acetate dissolved in drinking water with a normal diet; and group IV (Pb-G) received 2% lead acetate in drinking water and an experimental diet containing 2% ginger. Lead acetate exposure caused a significant increase of organosomatic indexes, hepatic, lipid, and urine profiles. In addition, lead acetate has a pro-oxidative effect expressed by a significant decrease in tissue GSH levels and the enzymatic activity of GPx and CAT. This pro-oxidative action was also marked by an increase in MDA level and GST activity in lead-treated group. Feeding ginger-supplemented diet to lead acetate-treated rats restored all the parameters studied as compared to control. These results suggest that ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing the oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Veronika A Konstantinova,1 Olga Yu Olisova,2 Victor V Gladko,3 Ekaterina P Burova2–4 1Dermatology and Cosmetology Department Dao Clinic, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119119, Russia; 2Rakhmanov Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119435, Russia; 3Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology Medical Institute of Continuing Medical Education, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow 125080, Russia; 4Dermatology Department Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, South Wing, Bedford MK42 9DJ, UKCorrespondence: Ekaterina P BurovaDermatology Department Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, South Wing, 27 Rothsay Road, Bedford MK40 3PT, UKTel +447771857936Email katya.burova@gmail.comIntroduction: Vitiligo is one of the most common hypomelanoses. Current treatments include ultraviolet, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors. Orally administered vitamins, acting as anti-oxidants and in combination with ultraviolet light have also demonstrated skin re-pigmentation. In our pilot study of seven patients, we injected skin affected with vitiligo intra-dermally with a complex of vitamins and minerals and assessed the outcome.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel treatment modality for vitiligo.Methods: We present a pilot study of seven patients; each having been diagnosed with generalized progressive vitiligo. In all cases, multiple therapies had been previously attempted. All patients were subjected to intradermal injections of biorevitalizant NCTF 135 (3 mls) in the hypo-pigmented areas of skin, once a week for 5 weeks. A 30Gx13 mm needle was used for the 0.025 mls intradermal injections to create micro-papules with a 1 cm distance between the injection sites. The results were assessed at 2 weeks and 5 weeks and were considered successful if partial or complete repigmentation was achieved.Results: Partial or complete skin re-pigmentation post-treatment was observed in vitiligo macules of all patients (100%). No significant side effects, or exacerbation of vitiligo were observed during or after treatment with NCTF 135 in the following 6 months (five patients) and 12 months (two patients).Discussion: Increasing the armamentarium of new treatments of vitiligo is important. Previous studies showed the effectiveness of oral and intramuscularly injected multivitamins in the treatment of vitiligo, explaining the results by the antioxidative qualities of the above. Our study demonstrated that intradermal mesotherapy injections of NCTF135, rich with vitamins and other antioxidants are well tolerated and effective in achieving significant re-pigmentation of de-pigmented skin in all patients studied, including five who had been resistant to previous standard therapies.Keywords: antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, mesotherapy

The composition of Blighia sapida fruits is reported to differ based on its origin, variety, and preservation technique. In this study, the effect of drying method on the composition as well as the antioxidant activity of oven-dried and sun-dried B.sapida aril flour and oil were examined using standard procedures. Sun-dried B. sapida aril flour had significantly higher protein and fat content compared to the oven-dried flour. In addition, sun-dried B.sapida aril flour contained a more diverse phytochemical profile compared to the oven-dried flour. However, oven-dried B.sapida aril oil (ODAO) showed a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids compared to oil from the sun-dried B.sapida flour (SDAO). On the other hand, SDAO showed significantly higher DPPH scavenging and nitric oxide inhibitory activities compared to ODAO. Based on these findings, sun-drying is recommended for both nutritional purposes and other health-promoting usage such as antioxidant, over oven-drying [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the yield and oil quality of eight different grape varieties. For the experiments, the grape seeds were obtained from the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey in the northwestern region of Hungary. The aim of the studies was to determine the oil yield obtained by extraction and to examine the differences between the fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the oils of different grape varieties. Based on the results, the oil content of the grape seeds varied between 99.91 g/kg and 126.74 g/kg. The grape seed oils analysed contained significant amounts of stearic acid (3.42–9.93%), palmitic acid (7.81–10.66%), oleic acid (14.29–19.92%), and linoleic acid (66.85–72.47%). Besides, the grape seed oils tested contained several other fatty acids in small amounts. There were significant differences in the total antioxidant and total polyphenol content of the oils. Total polyphenol content ranged from 0.24 to 1.13 mg GAE/g, while the total antioxidant content changed between 0.12 and 0.78 μg TEAC/g. The results show that the studied varieties are suitable for the production of table grape seed oil based on their oil yield, and the oils have favourable, health-protecting properties in terms of their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects and is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the classifications of glaucoma. Oxidative stress in trabecular reticulated cells is one of the possible mechanisms of the development of glaucoma. At present, there is still a lack of effective methods to treat glaucoma. Ghrelin is characterized by its wide distribution and high potency and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, which may be beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma. In this study, we investigated whether ghrelin can protect human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), as well as the possible mechanism of action. CCK8 and flow cytometry results revealed that treatment of HTMCs with ghrelin showed a dose-dependent protective effect against H 2 O 2 -induced damage. Ghrelin significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in HTMCs. The difference was statistically significant compared with the H 2 O 2 group. Ghrelin activated Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathways and decreased HIF-1α level in H 2 O 2 -injured HTMCs as shown on qPCR and Western blot. In conclusion, ghrelin can protect HTMCs from oxidative damage induced by H 2 O 2 and reduce apoptosis in HTMCs, which can be a new approach to treating POAG. The underlying therapeutic mechanism may be related to Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathways and HIF-1α., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exercise is associated with accelerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and stimulation of the antioxidant defences (AD). In high intensity exercise ROS production may overwhelm the AD and induce adverse effects on health and performance. We aim to investigate the redox balance of adult-competitive swimmers against recreational exercise practitioners. Fifteen high-competition male swimmers (S) and 16 active men (AM), all aged between 18–25 years, participated in the study. Venous blood was collected at rest in the morning to assess oxidative and muscle damage markers, antioxidant enzymatic activities in erythrocytes, and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plasma. All parameters were assessed by photometry with the exception of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), assessed by fluorimetry. Bivariate correlations were performed to investigate the association between all redox balance markers. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to control for the exercise level. Differences between groups were observed in red blood cells peroxidation (RBCPx–S: 39.2 ± 4.8; AM: 46.3 ± 9.5%) and in meta-hemoglobin reductase (RmHb – S: 7.5 ± 2.1; AM: 9.1 ± 2.3 μmol/min.gHb), with S presenting lower mean values (P < 0.05). Controlling for the exercise level, adrenaline oxidase (AdOx) was inversely correlated with carotenoids (R = −0.596; P = 0.001) and directly with creatine kinase (CK) (R = 0.413; P = 0.045) and with TBARS (R = 0.532; P = 0.005); RBCPx was inversely correlated with acid phosphatase (ACP1) (R = −0.392; P = 0.048) and directly with glutathione reductase (GR) (R = 0.524; P = 0.006); GR was inversely correlated with TBARS (R = −0.404; P = 0.041); VitE was directly correlated with Carotenoids (R = 0.723; P = 0.001) and inversely with TBARS (R = 0.543; P = 0.004). Therefore: AD are effective at controlling ROS; VitE and carotenoids are important protective lipid antioxidants; higher TBARS may be associated to the stimulation of GR activity; muscle leakages associated to the AdOx activity which may result from ion leakage, intravascular hemolysis or inflammation. Our results suggest that competitive swimmers are not at higher risk of oxidative damage than recreational exercise practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic. The diversity of etiological factors contributes to the fact that both types of diabetes mellitus occur among different age groups and among different segments of the population. Activation of various types of processes that lead to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, the development of atherosclerotic changes, increases the risk of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: The experiments were performed on 172 white Wistar rats weighing 120–150 g. All animals were kept on a standard I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (TNMU), vivarium diet. In our studies, for the first time was established a distinct cardioprotective effect of quercetin-containing drugs, Corvitin and Lipoflavon, for the purpose of normalizing disorders in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity, which opens wide opportunities for the introduction of these drugs into diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results: The results obtained are an experimental rationale for extending the indications of clinical use of Corvitin and Lipoflavon. Conclusion: Lipoflavon in the experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity significantly outperforms Corvitin in terms of TBA-active products and diene conjugates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in France and in other industrialized countries. AMD affects around 20 % of the population over the age of 80 years. This complex and multifactorial disease involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Smoking and nutrition are well-known modifiable risk factors for AMD. Numerous studies provide convincing arguments in favor of micronutrients to encourage dietary advice and the prescription of nutritional supplements containing antioxidant vitamins, lutein and omega-3 fatty acids. Attention to modifiable risk factors is of utmost importance to reduce progression to advanced AMD and associated medical and societal burdens., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this work is to perform a theoretical analysis of the antioxidant properties of a series of 8-hydroxyquinolines (8-HQs) to rationalize the available experimental results and to design new potent 8-HQ derivatives. The study was carried out in gas phase and in methanol at the DFT/B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) computational level. The formation of stable ArO• radicals is discussed on the basis of different mechanisms, namely, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and single proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). The obtained results show that the HAT mechanism is, thermodynamically, more favoured in gas phase, whereas the SPLET pathway is more favoured in polar solvents. The calculated thermochemical descriptors allow classification of the antioxidant power of the studied compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol, the most common cause for hepatic injury, may further deteriorate the hepatic tissue when left unattended. Capsaicin, the pungent principle of chilli peppers, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is a proven dietary antioxidant in various ailments. However, its role in alcohol-induced hepatic injury is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on the hepatic tissue of mice treated with alcohol. Acute liver injury was induced in mice by oral gavage of 5 doses of 10 mL/kg of 50% ethyl alcohol at an interval of 12 h. The tissue antioxidant levels along with the mitochondrial functional parameters and matrix metalloproteinase levels were evaluated in the hepatic tissues of mice following alcohol challenge. The results showed that alcohol intake significantly attenuated the hepatic antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function. These changes were accompanied by enhanced serum hepatic injury markers and matrix metalloproteinases. However, capsaicin treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg, oral) throughout the experimental period caused a drastic improvement in the hepatic tissue of the alcohol-treated mice, reflected by the normalization of hepatic enzyme and protein levels along with restored histological alterations. These results indicate that capsaicin, as a dietary intervention, may prevent alcohol-induced acute liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier l’effet de l’exercice aérobie sur les marqueurs du stress oxydatif. Il s’agit d’une étude prospective qui a été réalisée dans le cadre des travaux menés par le laboratoire de pharmacologie de la faculté de médecine de Sfax. Matériel et méthodes La population d’étude a été divisée en deux groupes, un groupe de judokas de niveau régional et un groupe de sédentaires. Le déroulement des expériences consiste à effectuer plusieurs prélèvements sanguins : au repos (R), immédiatement à l’arrêt de chaque épreuve (P0) puis à 5 min (P5), à 10 min (P10) et à 20 minutes (P20) de récupération. Les paramètres mesurés sont le SAT, GR, GPX, SOD, MDA et l’α-tocophérol. Résultats Cette étude montrent, d’une part, que la pratique de l’activité physique a un effet bénéfique dans la lutte contre les effets délétères des radicaux libres et d’autre part, que le statut antioxydant est altéré suite à l’exercice aérobie. Ce type d’étude peut être une approche qui permettrait de pouvoir déceler des athlètes soumis à un stress oxydatif important et/ou déficients au niveau des antioxydants. Summary Aim The aim of this study was to identify the effect of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress markers. This is a prospective study carried out as part of the work carried out by the pharmacology laboratory of the Sfax Faculty of Medicine. Methods The study population was divided into two groups, a group of regional judokas and a sedentary group. The test procedure consists of several blood samples: at rest (R), immediately at the end of each test (P0), then at 5 min (P5), 10 min (P10) and 20 minutes (P20) of recovery. The measured parameters are SAT, GR, GPX, SOD, MDA and α-tocopherol. Results The results of this study show that the practice of physical activity has a beneficial effect in the fight against the deleterious effects of free radicals and that the antioxidant state is modified following aerobic exercise. This type of study may be an approach that would allow the detection of athletes with significant oxidative stress and/or an antioxidant deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative lesions start accumulating in cells when the oxidant attacks overwhelm the antioxidant defenses. This review will briefly describe red blood cell storage lesions with emphasis on the consequences of oxidation and the cellular defense mechanisms, as well as the methods that can be used to monitor them. The sources of variability in red blood cell storage capacity depend on the donor characteristics, the product processing and the storage conditions. Suggestions to improve the product quality in order to ensure the best efficacy and safety for the transfused patient are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oxidative stress, the imbalance between the productive of reactive species and antioxidant defences notably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. Generating the necessary data about oxidative stress in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) would help in developing cost‑effective and accessible treatment interventions of SCA in resource‑poor countries. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels plasma lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant activity (TAOA) as indicators of oxidative stress in sickle cell individuals. Materials and Methods: In this pilot study, 52 patients; homozygous (Hb SS) sickle cell patients confirmed by cellulose electrophoresis and 20 age‑ and sex‑matched healthy (Hb AA) controls were subjected to analysis of NO, MDA, and TAOA. The plasma MDA was measured by a thiobarbituric reaction, (NO) was evaluated by the method described by Guevara et al. using Griess reagent and the TAOA of serum was determined by the method of Koracevic et al. Results: The results showed a statistically significant decrease and increase in baseline levels of NO and MDA, respectively, in Hb SS group when compared with the control Hb AA (P = 0.000 and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.10–0.18 and −9.67–−5.57, respectively). A slight decrease in the TAOA level between the groups was observed although not statistically significant (P = 0.15 95% CI was −0.28–2.90). Conclusion: The results showed of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status in patients with SCA. Antioxidant supplementation may be a cheap assessable intervention for in sickle cell individuals (in the steady state or in crisis) to prevent further oxidative damage to the erythrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of free radicals through incomplete reduction of oxygen during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is well described. On the other hand, molecular hydrogen (H2) reduces oxidative stress due to its ability to react with strong oxidants and easily penetrate cells by diffusion, without disturbing metabolic redox reactions. This study was designed to explore cardioprotective potential of hypoxic postconditioning (HpostC) against I/R (30 min global I - 120 min R) in isolated rat hearts using oxygen-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB). Furthermore, the possibility to potentiate the effect of HpostC by H2 using oxygen-free KHB saturated with H2 (H2 + HpostC) was tested. HPostC was induced by 4 cycles of 1-minute perfusion with oxygen-free KHB intercepted by 1-minute perfusion with normal KHB, at the onset of reperfusion. H2 + HPostC was applied in a similar manner using H2-enriched oxygen-free KHB. Cardioprotective effects were evaluated on the basis of infarct size (IS, in % of area at risk, AR) reduction, post-I/R recovery of heart function, and occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmias. HPostC significantly reduced IS/AR compared with non-conditioned controls. H2 present in KHB during HPostC further decreased IS/AR compared with the effect of HPostC, attenuated severe arrhythmias, and significantly restored heart function (vs. controls). Cardioprotection by HpostC can be augmented by molecular hydrogen infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts from leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of Cymbopogon giganteus have been evaluated for their total antioxidant contents using spectrophotometric methods. It has been revealed that, methanol is better for extracting antioxidants (36.271 μg of TE/mg); followed by the ethyl acetate (22.330 μg of TE/mg) and dichloromethane (16.029 μg of TE/mg). Against chloroquino-resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, extracts from flowers, roots, stems and leaves had respectively average IC50 of 2.56; 1.32; 6.79 and 4.603 μg/Ml. Relating to 3D7 strain, extracts from flowers had good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 2.33 μg/mL) compared to those from roots (IC50 = 8.215 μg/mL), leaves (IC50 = 12.93 μg/mL) and stems (IC50 = 13.84 μg/mL). Moreover, antiplasmodial activity depended on the extraction solvent. Independently of the considered part, it was found that according to Wilcox scale, four dichloromethane extracts were very active on K1 strain (0.17 ≤ IC50 ≤ 1.36 μg/mL) and one from the same solvent was very active on the 3D7 strain (IC50 = 1.05 μg/mL) of Plasmodium falciparum. Ethyl acetate extracts presented a good antiplasmodial activity on the chloroquino-sensitive 3D7 strain and a mean activity on K1. Finally, methanolic extracts had moderate activity on both strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehydration is a common event associated with exercise. However, few studies have examined the effects of dehydration on plasma redox status in humans. Eighty-two athletes were recruited and baseline anthropometrics and blood samples were obtained. Athletes then engaged in a dehydration protocol, training until 3% of preweight body mass was lost. Athletes returned to the lab and had postdehydration blood collected. Athletes then consumed an isotonic drink until pre-exercise body weight was reestablished. Blood was then recollected (1 h post full rehydration (PFR)). Samples were centrifuged and the plasma snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C. Lipid and protein oxidative stress was determined by measuring F2-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls (PC), respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Plasma osmolality was determined using an osmometer. Statistical analysis utilized a 1-way ANOVA with posthoc testing. Values are reported as mean ± SD. Plasma osmolality was significantly elevated immediately postdehydration ( p ≤ 0.001) but decreased to baseline at PFR. Plasma TEAC increased immediately postdehydration and at PFR ( p ≤ 0.001). FRAP increased immediately postdehydration ( p ≤ 0.001) and decreased to below baseline at PFR ( p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, F2-isoprostanes declined significantly from baseline to immediately postdehydration and then significantly rose at PFR ( p ≤ 0.001), whereas PC declined at PFR ( p ≤ 0.01). This study indicates that dehydration and exercise cause a significant increase in plasma osmolality and antioxidant potential immediately postexercise. We propose dehydration significantly elevates antioxidant concentration which suppresses F2-isoprostanes and PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New way of life of modern women (tobacco, alcohol, polluted environment, industrial food, endocrine disruptor, etc.) causes an increase of production of reactive oxygen species that affect female fertility. It was found that oxidative stress may damage the oocytes and may impair their fertilization capacity. The aim of this review of recent studies is to select natural ingredients able to reduce oxidative stress. A combination of vitamins (B, C and E), minerals (selenium, iodine) and myo-inositol could be useful as an alternative way, on top of balanced diet and lifestyle advice, for women planning to become pregnant including those with or without SOPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé La seconde partie de cette revue des pharmaconutriments chez le patient agressé résume les données disponibles sur les antioxydants et les acides gras de type Ω-3. Dans les deux cas, le rationnel repose sur la modulation de la réponse à l’agression. Dans le cas des antioxydants, il s’agit de restaurer ou de renforcer les défenses antioxydantes par l’adjonction de vitamines ou d’éléments traces cofacteurs des enzymes antioxydantes, dont les stocks ont été entamés par la production accrue de dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène en réponse à l’agression. Les études cliniques ont évalué la supplémentation en composés séléniés et/ou en vitamines A, C et E. Au total, excepté pour les patients sous suppléance rénale par hémofiltration continue, le bénéfice escompté n’a pas été confirmé. Dans le cas des acides gras de type Ω-3, le bénéfice d’une supplémentation entérale chez les patients qui présentaient un syndrome de détresse respiratoire n’a pas été confirmé. Certaines données récentes suggèrent un avantage potentiel des acides gras de type Ω-3 incorporés dans les solutions de nutrition parentérale. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, à l’instar des médicaments, le rapport risque/bénéfice de ces interventions nutritionnelles devrait être évalué pour certaines catégories de patients ou des situations particulières à haut risque. The second part of this review dedicated to pharmaconutrition of the critically ill summarizes the currently available data on antioxidants and Ω-3 fatty acids. In both cases, the rationale lies on the modulation of the host response to injury. Regarding the antioxidants, the goal of the supplementation is to restore or to enhance the endogenous defense mechanisms by adding vitamins or trace elements serving as co-enzymes of antioxidant systems, as the endogenous stores have been exhausted by the stress. The clinical trials assessed selenium-based compounds and/or vitamins A, C and E. Overall, the expected benefit of these interventions has not been confirmed except when given during continuous renal replacement therapy. Regarding the Ω-3 fatty acids, the benefit of enteral supplementation during acute respiratory distress syndrome has not been confirmed. Some benefit could be afforded by parenteral solutions enriched with Ω-3 fatty acids. In both cases, as for any medication, the risk-to-benefit ratio of these nutritional interventions should be thoroughly assessed in defined categories of patients or situations deemed at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic and kinetic study of the repair reactions of three damaged aliphatic amino acids (alanine, valine, and leucine) with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) in a polar and a nonpolar solvent is presented in this work. Two simplified protein models were explored in the most common conformations (alpha helix and beta sheet). Calculations are performed at the M06-2X-SMD/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. DHLA has shown to be an excellent antioxidant repair agent through hydrogen-transfer reaction involving the thiol groups, with rate constants close to diffusion control in most cases. The stability of the initial protein radical is not the most important factor determining the rate of the repair reaction because stabilizing intermolecular interactions involving the protein and the antioxidant can provide additional stability to some transition states accelerating the repair of sites that would otherwise not be so quickly repaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a perennial herb with an intensive aromatic flavor. Its most important chemical constituents are essential oils (e.g., 1,8-cineole and camphor) and antioxidants (e.g., carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid). The common methods to extract the essential oil of rosemary are steam or hydro distillation. The aim of this work is to investigate the residual antioxidants after hydro distillation, especially rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid. For this purpose, the hydro distillation water residues were analyzed by HPLC-UV. Moreover, the influence of the extraction duration on the concentration of the antioxidants was investigated. Also, the residual amount of these compounds in the leaves was examined. The total antioxidant activity of the extracts and of the pure compounds was determined by DPPH assays. It is shown that after 2.5 h of hydro distillation the amount of rosmarinic acid and the antioxidant activity in the water residue reaches a maximum value. In addition, the yield and the quality of the essential oil were investigated to draw a comparison between steam and hydro distillations of Moroccan rosemary leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a pH modified form of the dietary soluble citrus peel fiber known as pectin. The current study aims at testing its effect on liver fibrosis progression. Rats were injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 40% v/ v, i.p., twice a week for 8 weeks). Concurrently, MCP (400 or 1200 mg/kg) was administered daily in drinking water from the first week in groups I and II (prophylactic model) and in the beginning of week 5 in groups III and IV (therapeutic model). Liver function biomarkers (ATL, AST, and ALP), fibrosis markers (laminin and hyaluronic acid), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured. Stained liver sections were scored for fibrosis and necroinflammation. Additionally, expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, collagen (Col)1A1, caspase (Cas)-3, and apoptosis related factor (FAS) were assigned. Modified pectin late administration significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), TIMP-1, Col1A1, α-SMA, and Gal-3 levels and increased levels of FAS, Cas-3, GSH, and SOD. It also decreased percentage of fibrosis and necroinflammation significantly ( p < 0.05). It can be concluded that MCP can attenuate liver fibrosis through an antioxidant effect, inhibition of Gal-3 mediated hepatic stellate cells activation, and induction of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryopreservation is currently the only feasible method for long-term conservation of non-orthodox germplasm. Previous attempts to cryopreserve embryonic axes of Trichilia dregeana Sond. indicated that the inability to produce shoots, suggestedly associated with a wound-induced burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by declining antioxidant potential, consistently accompanied procedures necessary for cryopreservation. This study involved the provision of cathodic protection, both in the aqueous phase (electrolysis of a solution containing dilute electrolytes) and dry state (rapid drying of axes on a grid on which a static field is generated via the cathode of a power-pack) with the addition of other antioxidants, i.e., ascorbic acid and DMSO, to counteract uncontrolled ROS activity. The production of superoxide (), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical () in conjunction with the corresponding total aqueous antioxidant activity and viability was quantitatively assessed after each stage of the cryoprocedure, with or without cathodic protection and (or) antioxidants. No shoot production occurred in the treatments without cathodic protection and (or) antioxidants. In contrast, 80% of axes produced seedlings after excision, 40% after cryoprotection, and 40% after flash (rapid) drying, when the treatments included a form of cathodic protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of o-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl selenides containing single or multiple methoxy substituents was synthesized, and the rate at which each compound catalyzed the oxidation of benzyl thiol to its disulfide with excess hydrogen peroxide was measured. This assay provided the means for comparing the relative abilities of the selenides to mimic the antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. The mechanism for catalytic activity involves oxidation of the selenides to their corresponding selenoxides with hydrogen peroxide, cyclization to spirodioxyselenuranes, followed by reduction with two equivalents of thiol to regenerate the original selenide with concomitant disulfide formation. A single p-methoxy group on each aryl moiety afforded the highest catalytic activity, while methoxy groups in the meta position had little effect compared to the unsubstituted selenide, and o-methoxy groups suppressed activity. The installation of multiple methoxy groups on each aryl moiety provided no improvement. These results can be rationalized on the basis of dominating mesomeric and steric effects of the p- and o-substituents, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ascorbic acid (AA) consumption on the oxidative stress status of untrained volunteers participating in a supervised exercise program. The study included 46 young adults (average age, 23.5 ± 0.59 years; 37 females, 9 males) who remained sedentary ( n = 16) or participated in 30 min of outdoor aerobic running ( n = 30) at an intensity corresponding to 65%-75% of maximum heart rate for 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Exercised subjects were randomly assigned to an exercise group without AA supplementation (control; n = 10) or received either 250 mg ( n = 10) or 500 mg ( n = 10) of AA supplementation previous to each exercise session. Blood samples were taken on day 0 and day 84 to evaluate metabolic profiles and antioxidant status. Sedentary subjects underwent in a single bout of aerobic running to determine total antioxidant status (TAS) and malondiadehyde (MDA) at pre- and postexercise with or without AA supplementation. No significant change in TAS was observed. Plasma MDA significantly increased at postexercise ( P < 0.05), and AA supplementation decreased MDA level significantly ( P < 0.05). After 3 months of exercise, there was no significant change in blood glucose, lipid profile, MDA, TAS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities amongst groups. Supplementation of AA was associated with minor and inconsistent reductions in SOD, GPx, and catalase activities ( P < 0.05). These findings indicate that pre-exercise supplementation of ascorbic acid does not alter oxidative stress markers in the plasma and erythrocytes of young adults engaged in a supervised exercise program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organosulfur compounds have long been recognized as important antioxidants for the preservation of petroleum-derived products. It has also been suggested that the health benefits of garlic and related plant species can be ascribed to the radical-trapping antioxidant activity of some of their unique organosulfur constituents, such as allicin. This account highlights our efforts to elucidate the radical-trapping antioxidant mechanisms of allicin and related plant-derived organosulfur compounds as well as the organosulfur compounds used to preserve commercial and industrial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to cytostatic treatment and surgery, the most common cancer treatment is gamma radiation. Despite sophisticated radiological techniques however, in addition to irradiation of the tumor, irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissue also takes place, which results in various side-effects, depending on the absorbed dose of radiation. Radiation either damages the cell DNA directly, or indirectly via the formation of oxygen radicals that in addition to the DNA damage, react with all cell organelles and interfere with their molecular mechanisms. The main features of radiation injury besides DNA damage is inflammation and increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines. Endothelial damage and dysfunction of capillaries and small blood vessels plays a particularly important role in radiation injury. This review is focused on summarizing the currently available data concerning the mechanisms of radiation injury, as well as the effectiveness of various antioxidants, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and cytoprotective substances that may be utilized in preventing, mitigating, or treating the toxic effects of ionizing radiation on the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora flower (SGF) extract on erythrocyte membrane in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing 190-220 g, were made diabetic by an intraperitonial administration of STZ (45 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with SGF, and diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide as drug control, for 45 days. In this study plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels were decreased and blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation markers, and osmotic fragility levels were increased in diabetic rats. Moreover, erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were altered. Similarly, the activities of total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase were also decreased in the erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Administration of SGF to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with increased levels of insulin and haemoglobin. Moreover, SGF reversed the protein and lipid peroxidation markers, osmotic fragility, membrane-bound ATPases activities, and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that SGF could provide a protective effect on diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress-associated diabetic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hydrocortisone induces oxidative stress in hepatocytes and to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of thymol against such hepatic injury. Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into control, thymol, hydrocortisone, and hydrocortisone+thymol groups. The 4 groups were treated daily for 15 days. Hydrocortisone significantly induced oxidative stress in the liver tissues, marked by increased serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total oxidative capacity (TOC), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) accompanied by marked decline of serum levels of total protein, albumin, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Also, marked elevation in the levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and TNF-α, beside significant decrease in the level of glutathione (GSH) in hepatic tissues were recorded. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by histopathological changes marked by destruction of the normal hepatic architecture, in addition to ultrastructural alterations represented by degenerative features covering almost all the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes. Supplementation of hydrocortisone-treated rats with thymol reversed most of the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural alterations. The results of our study confirm that thymol has strong ameliorative effect against hydrocortisone-induced oxidative stress injury in hepatic tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)