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Background: The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells. Methods: PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay. Results: ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former. Conclusion: Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO), a resistência final à compressão (RFC), e a eventual correlação entre os valores dessas variáveis, de quatro blocos ósseos xenógenos comercialmente disponíveis no Brasil para aplicações em implantodontia. Trinta e dois espécimes dos materiais de enxertia analisados foram divididos em 4 grupos de estudo (n = 8): Grupo 1 (G1), Biocollagen (Bioteck, Arcugnano, Itália); Grupo 2 (G2), Bio-Graft, (Geistilich, Wolhusen, Suíça); Grupo 3 (G3), OrthoGen (Baumer, Mogi Mirim, SP, Brasil); e Grupo 4 (G4), Bonefill (Bionnovation, Bauru, SP, Brasil). A DMO foi determinada por meio da análise da densidade óptica dos materiais, observada em imagens tomográficas de alta definição, e expressa em unidades Hounsfield (HU). A RFC foi determinada por meio de um ensaio mecânico de compressão e expressa em Newton (N). Os valores de DMO encontrados para os grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4 foram significativamente diferentes, a saber, 354,3 HU, 317,7 HU, 206,5 HU e 145,6 HU, respectivamente (p ? 0,05). Os valores de RFC encontrados para os grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4 também foram significativamente diferentes, a saber, 685,18 N, 563,18 N, 915,20 N e 1399,70 N, respectivamente (p ? 0,05). Observou-se uma correlação positiva e moderada entre a DMO e a RFC apenas no G4 (p = 0,015; r2 = 0,655). A análise dos resultados demonstrou que os blocos de enxerto ósseo xenógenos com uma menor DMO tendem a ter uma maior RFC.

The vertical increase of the alveolar ridge dimension using allograft or xenograft mixed with autogenous bone graft and covered by a nonabsorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane is well documented in the literature.The aim of this study was to assess vital mineralized tissue formation in vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) procedures using autogenous bone chips mixed either with an allograft or a xenograft.This prospective clinical trial recruited 16 partially edentulous patients to undergo vertical ridge augmentation in one or more sites, making up a total of 24 samples for histological evaluation. Patients were sequentially stratified into Group A (treated with a freeze-dried bone allograft [FDBA] mixed with autogenous bone) or to Group B (treated with a bovine xenograft mixed with autogenous bone). Histological samples were analyzed according to the biomaterial used for VRA. Histological samples were obtained on the same day of membrane removal and implant placement.Thirty-three implants were placed in 16 sites of regenerated bone via VRA, 13 patients with ridge augmentation in the posterior mandible, and 3 patients with VRA in the anterior maxilla. Group A (FDBA + autogenous) and Group B (xenograft + autogenous) showed a percent vital mineralized tissue (VMT) area of 67.64 ± 16.84 and 60.93 ± 18.25, respectively. A significant difference between the two biomaterials was not observed.When mixed with autogenous bone, either allografts or xenografts may provide a successful augmentation. Either mixture could serve as reliable alternative in VRA for obtaining a high percentage of VMT.

Horizontal bone reconstruction is a common augmentation procedure used in implant dentistry to achieve adequate 3-dimensional ridge reconstruction to permit proper dental implant positioning. However, most available techniques are focused on unidirectional bone reconstruction (grafting only on the buccal side). This study was carried out to validate an innovative device that is indicated for bidirectional bone augmentation. The study consisted of 4 patients who required bidirectional horizontal bone augmentation of the upper jaw. Two computerized tomographies were performed (T0 at baseline and T1 at 6 months postoperative examinations). Mean bone thickness in the studied sites at T0 was 2.30 ± 0.65 and mean bone thickness achieved was 9.11 ± 1.08 mm at T1, with an overall bone gain of 6.81 ± 1.33 mm. Concerning the specific gains in direction, buccal and palatal bone augmentations were 4.89 ± 0.94 and 1.92 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of this novel device allows for the achievement of bidirectional horizontal bone augmentation.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the histology and histomorphometry of healing associated with acellular dermal matrix in skin wounds in rabbits. METHODS: Twelve male rabbits were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the matrix group (MG). Three skin wounds with a total area of 20 × 20 mm were created on the dorsal region of each animal. Photographic records of the lesions taken over a 21-day period and use of the ImageJ program allowed calculation of the wound contraction rate. The lesions were biopsied on days 3, 14 and 21 for histomorphometric analysis to define the thicknesses of the dermis and epidermis (hematoxylin-eosin) and calculate the densities of type I and type III collagen (picrosirius). RESULTS: No significant difference in the healing rate was found between the groups (p>0.05). The MG presented greater epidermal thickness on day 3 (p

Objective. To compare two pulp harvesting methods for stem cell expansion, namely, conservative pulpotomy and pulpectomy from exodontia. Method. Ten freshly extracted sound third molars from five patients were selected. Five were used in the control group, where pulp harvesting was performed by exodontia and the remaining teeth were used in the test group, where the pulp was harvested by conservative pulpotomy (preserving the tooth). This was a split-mouth design study, where a third molar from one side was randomly allocated into the test group and the contralateral tooth in the control group. After pulp harvesting, the following evaluations were performed: cell morphology, sterility test, immunophenotyping, differentiation assays, first pass live cell counts, time to cryopreservation, and total number of expanded cells at the end of the fourth pass. Results. Regarding morphology, the cells from both groups presented a fibroblastic phenotype. All samples were sterile. Immunophenotyping demonstrated a positive expression for CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negative expression for CD45 in both groups. Differentiation assays were positive for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in both groups. Regarding live cell counts in the first passage, the control group had 95.8% live cells in the total count and the test group 91.2% ( p < 0.05 ). The time required for cryopreservation was equivalent in both groups 51.6 days and 52.6 days, respectively ( p > 0.05 ). The total number of cells at the end of the fourth passage was 5,286,782 and 5,736,862, respectively ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. These results suggest that adult stem cell harvesting from conservative pulpotomy is as effective as the traditional exodontia-based method.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of mineralized tissue and expression of bone markers in sockets grafted with platelet-rich fibrin and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). Patients requiring extraction of one maxillary anterior tooth were randomized into three groups. After tooth extraction, the sockets in the control group (CG) were permitted to fill with blood clot. In the platelet-rich fibrin group (PRFG), after blood processing, the sockets were grafted with PRF plug. In the bone marrow aspirate concentrate combined with platelet-rich fibrin group (BM/PG), after blood and bone marrow processing, the sockets were grafted with a mixture of PRF plug and BMAC. After 6 months, the sites were reopened and bone cores were harvested and prepared for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation. The following levels were measured: mineralized tissue, expression of RUNX-2, and osteocalcin. Fifteen patients were included in this study. The histomorphometric analysis showed a more pronounced level of mineralized tissue in PRFG and BM/PG (54.20 ± 4.31% and 64.70 ± 6.74%, respectively) when compared with CG (40.60 ± 5.98%) (p = 0.0283 and p = 0.0090, respectively). The expression of RUNX-2 was very low in BM/PG (0.80 ± 0.84%) and absent in CG and PRFG (p = 0.0528). Osteocalcin expression was higher for BM/PG (23.40 ± 1.52%) when compared with CG and PRFG (18.40 ± 2.07% and 16.20 ± 1.92%, respectively) (p = 0.0117 and p = 0.0088, respectively). This preliminary study indicates that clinical use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate, when combined with platelet-rich fibrin as a carrier, might have some potential to increase mineralization in fresh extraction sockets.

Background: Tissue remodeling requires protein degradation through a process directly dependent on metalloproteinases — enzymes capable of degrading the majority of proteins in this system. This process is regulated by some enzyme inhibitors, and balance between enzyme and inhibitor activity is fundamental to tissue integrity and health. Bone resorption and formation, and the molecules involved in these processes, raise questions on possible differences in tissue behavior in the system. Histological studies of tissues surrounding teeth that have been subjected to such forces show the presence of tension (associated with bone formation) and compression, which induce bone resorption. The duration of load application is an important parameterin osteoclastogenesis. The present study aimed to analyze the biological aspects associated with in vitro compression of the PL and alveolar bone. To this end, we reviewed articles describing the biological events that occur in the PL and alveolar bone during load application on this system and the possible influence of culture medium on the expression of molecules involved in response to such an event. Methods: This literature review included articles published between March 2008 and January 2018 describing in vitro laboratory tests and data on load application and its associated biological events in the human PL and alveolar bone, including studies on molecular-expression events and pathways involved in the process. Conclusions: Intermittent compressive forces stimulate bone resorption in orthodontic treatment, while cyclical forces induce cellular apoptosis at lighter loads than do compressive forces. Both 2D and 3D cell-culture systems seem to reproduce the physiology of evaluated tissues and are reliable analytical models for research purposes.

Horizontal bone loss after tooth extraction is a common finding that demands bone reconstruction in various cases. The aim of this study was to assess the horizontal alveolar status in partially and completely edentulous patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 1516 CBCT scans of 1404 adult patients were analyzed. Assessment of the images was performed in accordance with the previously published horizontal alveolar change (HAC) classification, which categorizes horizontal bone defects into four classes: HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4 (from the least severe to the most severe condition). Analysis of 1048 scans from partially edentulous patients presented a distribution of 63.55%, 22.14%, 13.36% and 0.95% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Analysis of 468 scans from completely edentulous patient images presented a distribution of 19.87%, 28.63%, 41.67% and 9.83% in HAC 1, HAC 2, HAC 3 and HAC 4, respectively. Based on these results, as in HAC 4, no cancellous bone was found between the cortical buccal and lingual/palatal bone plates, it seems reasonable to state that the absence of cancellous bone is higher in completely edentulous patients than in partially edentulous patients. Therefore, the absence of cancellous bone seems to be higher in completely edentulous than in partially edentulous patients.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous material used to improve bone regeneration when associated with bone grafts. It affects tissue angiogenesis, increasing the healing process and, theoretically, presenting potential to increase bone neoformation. The aim of this study was to verify, histomorphometrically, the effects of the association of PRF to a xenograft. Twelve adult white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups containing six animals each. After general anesthesia of the animals, two critical defects of 12 mm were created in the rabbit calvaria, one on each side of the sagittal line. Each defect was filled with the following biomaterials: in the control group (CG), xenograft hydrated with saline solution filling one defect and xenograft hydrated with saline solution covered with collagen membrane on the other side, in the test group (TG), xenograft associated with PRF filling the defect of one side and xenograft associated with PRF covered with collagen membrane on the other side. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed that in the sites that were covered with collagen membrane, there was no statistically significant difference for all the analyzed parameters. However, when comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group. Regarding the intragroup comparison, the use of the membrane coverage presented significant outcomes in both groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, PRF did not affect the levels of bone formation when a membrane coverage technique was used. However, higher levels of bone formation were observed in the test group when membrane coverage was not used.

Purpose To evaluate the influence of bone marrow cells in the bone formation in an ectopic subcutaneous model in mice. Materials and methods Six BALB/c mice were divided into three groups of two each. In all groups, xenograft was implanted subcutaneously. In the negative control group, the xenograft was hydrated with saline solution. In the positive control group, the xenograft was embedded with osteodifferentiated adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow. In the experimental group, the xenograft was embedded with bone marrow aspirate concentrate. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and prepared for histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. The following tissues were evaluated: preosteoid tissue, loose connective tissue, and remaining xenograft particles. Results There was a statistically significant difference (P = .008) in the preosteoid tissue area between the negative control group (0 ± 0%) and the other two groups, with 42 ± 11% for the experimental group and 56 ± 5% for the positive control group. Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference (P = .006) in the loose connective tissue area between the negative control group (49 ± 18%) and the other two groups, with 3 ± 9% for the experimental group and 0 ± 0% for the positive control group. Regarding the xenograft area, there was not a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = .143). Conclusion The use of a mineralized scaffold loaded with either concentrated bone marrow aspirate or with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells favored the formation of osteoid tissue as opposed to the scaffold alone.

Objectives: To evaluate bone allograft associated to bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), in maxillary reconstructions. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with alveolar bone deficiency in the anterior maxilla were randomly divided into control group (CG) and test group (TG). A bone block allograft was placed in both groups, but the graft was impregnated with BMAC only in TG. Computed tomography was performed 7 days (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the grafting procedure, and volume and bone density measurements were carried out. Histomorphometric analysis was performed at T2. Results: Bone volume loss from T1 to T2 was significant only in TG. The bone density in the buccal region of the graft was significantly higher in TG than in CG. There was no significant difference between the groups, in respect to mineralized tissue (MT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT), in that MT values were 37.77% ± 15.19% and 43.85% ± 10.94%, and NMT values were 62.15% ± 14.90% and 56.30% ± 10.72%, respectively, for CG and TG. The intragroup difference for the MT/NMT ratio was statistically significant in CG but not significant in TG. Conclusions: The use of BMAC resulted in an improved pattern of bone formation, with higher bone density in the peripheral regions of the graft.

PURPOSE: To propose an experimental burn model in NIH-3T3 cell line.METHODS:Induction of thermal injury in cultures of mouse fibroblast - NIH-3T3- cell line and determination of cell viability by MTT and imunofluorescence.RESULTS:The heating of the Petri dish increased proportionally to the temperature of the base and the time of exposure to microwave. In this in vitro burn model, using the cell line NIH-3T3 was observed drastic cellular injury with significant changes in cell viability and activity. It showed drastically modified cell morphology with altered membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus, and low cellularity compared to the control group.CONCLUSION:The burn model in vitro using the cell line NIH-3T3 was reproductive and efficient. This burn model was possible to determine significant changes in cell activity and decreased viability, with drastic change in morphology, cell lysis and death.

Purpose: This study analyzed the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, associated with xenograft, in appositional reconstructions in rabbit calvaria using histomorphometry. Materials and Methods: Fifteen New Zealand rabbits, weighing 3.5 to 4.0 kg and aged between 10 and 12 months, were randomly divided into three groups. Appositional bone reconstruction situations were created in the calvaria of the animals using titanium cylinders, fitted with titanium occlusive caps. Bone decortication was performed to promote bleeding. Inside the cylinders, only xenograft was positioned in the control group (CG; n = 5); xenograft combined with mesenchymal bone marrow-derived stem cells was positioned in group 1 (G1; n = 5), and a xenograft combined with adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue was positioned in group 2 (G2; n = 5). After 56 days, all rabbits were euthanized and their parietal bones processed for histomorphometric analysis, and the following parameters were evaluated: newly formed bone; residual graft particles; soft tissue; vital bone titanium contact, also called the level of osseointegration; and the level of bone volume contained inside the cylinders, also called the internal bone volume. Results: The histomorphometric study revealed the following for CG, G1, and G2: newly formed bone of 18.96% ± 9.00%, 27.88% ± 9.98%, and 22.32% ± 7.45%; residual graft particles of 28.43% ± 2.44%, 23.31% ± 3.11%, and 27.58% ± 3.98%; soft tissue of 52.61% ± 10.80%, 50.23% ± 8.72%, and 49.90% ± 8.76%; vital bone titanium contact of 4.98% ± 4.30%, 34.91% ± 7.82%, and 20.87% ± 5.43%; and internal bone volume of 88.36% ± 25.97%, 98.73% ± 19.05%, and 98.52% ± 19.87%, respectively. No statistical difference between groups for newly formed bone, residual graft particles, soft tissue, and internal bone volume (P > .05) were verified. Conclusion: Regarding vital bone titanium contact, it was observed that the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, when compared with the adipose mesenchymal stem cells, showed the highest level of osseointegration, and both of them obtained superior levels to the xenograft alone.

Objective The aim of this study was to classify the opening of the midpalatal suture (MPS) after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) with disjunction of the pterygomaxillary suture through computed tomography (CT) analysis. Study design Seventy adults with bilateral transverse deficiency of the maxilla underwent SARME with pterygomaxillary disjunction. Seventy tomographies were performed before the surgery and 70 were performed after the final activation. The Hass appliance was used in 29 patients and Hyrax in 41 patients. The MPS opening was classified into 2 types: type I, total MPS opening from the anterior nasal spine to the posterior nasal spine, and type II, total MPS opening from the anterior nasal spine to the transverse palatine suture, with partial or nonexistent opening posterior to transverse palatine suture. Results Type I opening was observed in 22 patients (31.5%), and type II opening in 48 patients (68.5%). In 5 cases, the opening posterior to the transverse palatine suture was paramedian. Conclusion Computed tomography allows the evaluation and classification of midpalatal suture openings after SARME with pterygomaxillary disjunction in type I (total) and type II (partial) MPS openings.

Purpose: To evaluate the regenerative results of the addition of bone marrow aspirate concentrate, using a single or double centrifugation protocol, to a xenogeneic bone graft in sinus floor elevation. Materials and Methods: Using a randomized, controlled pilot study design in 15 consecutive patients, sinus floor elevation procedures were performed with a xenogenous bone graft alone (control group, CG) or associated with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained by single centrifugation (single centrifugation group, SCG) or double centrifugation (double centrifugation group, DCG). In the patients in the single and double centrifugation groups, bone marrow was harvested from the iliac bone. Six months after the grafting procedures, bone biopsy specimens were obtained during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry. Results: Histomorphometric analysis revealed a great amount of vital mineralized tissue in SCG followed by DCG when compared with the CG (38.44 ± 12.34%, 34.63 ± 9.84%, and 27.30 ± 5.55%, respectively). SCG and DCG presented smaller amounts of nonvital mineralized tissue when compared with the CG (13.70 ± 7.50%, 19.63 ± 8.35%, and 22.79 ± 9.60%, respectively), thus presenting higher levels of resorption. Although these differences were not statistically significant (P > .05), a tendency toward bone gain in the experimental groups (SCG and DCG) was found. All groups (SCG, DCG, and CG) showed similar levels of nonmineralized tissue (47.87 ± 6.31%, 45.73 ± 7.33%, and 49.90 ± 7.64%, respectively). Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the clinical use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate, obtained by either a single or double centrifugation process, combined with a xenograft for maxillary sinus elevation seems to result in more adequate bone repair. However, clinical trials with a larger number of patients are required.

PURPOSE In spite of their osteoconductive potential, the biomaterials used as substitutes for an autologous graft do not show osteoinductive or osteogenic potential. This study evaluated the association of adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue with xenogenic bone graft in bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from adipose tissue from 12 animals. These cells, combined with hydroxyapatite, were implanted in 12-mm bilateral bone defects created in the calvaria of six rabbits (test group [TG]), whereas only hydroxyapatite was implanted in the defects created in another group of six animals (control group [CG]). One grafted side of each animal was covered by a collagen membrane. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the region of the bone defects was removed and evaluated using histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The TG showed higher amounts (P < .05) of vital mineralized tissue and nonvital mineralized tissue, 28.24% ± 6.17% and 27.79% ± 2.72%, respectively, compared with the CG, 13.06% ± 5.24% and 13.52% ± 3.00%, respectively. In TG, no difference was observed (P < .05) in the amount of mineralized tissue between the side that was covered by the membrane vs the side without membrane coverage. On the other hand, a statistically significant difference (P < .05) was observed in the CG with regard to the amount of mineralized tissue between the sides with and without membrane coverage. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the association of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue with a xenogenic bone graft was capable of promoting better bone regeneration compared with the use of a xenograft alone. Use of a membrane did not produce an increase in the regenerative potential for the TG, in contrast to the CG.

Purpose. To investigate the regenerative results obtained with the association of bone marrow aspirate concentrate using the Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) method to a xenogeneic bone graft (Bio-Oss) in sinus floor elevation.Materials and Methods. Using a randomized controlled study design in eight consecutive patients (age of 55.4 ± 9.2 years), 16 sinus floor lift procedures were performed with Bio-Oss alone (control group, CG,n=8) or combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained via the BMAC method (test group, TG,n=8). Six months after the grafting procedures, bone biopsies were harvested during implant placement and were analyzed by histomorphometry.Results. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher amount(p<0.05)of vital mineralized tissue in TG when compared to the CG (55.15 ± 20.91% and 27.30 ± 5.55%, resp.). For nonvital mineralized tissue, TG presented a statistically higher level of Bio-Oss resorption(p<0.05)when compared with the CG (6.32 ± 12.03% and 22.79 ± 9.60%, resp.). Both groups (TG and CG) showed no significantly different levels (p>0.05) of nonmineralized tissue (38.53 ± 13.08% and 49.90 ± 7.64%, resp.).Conclusion. The use of bone marrow concentrate obtained by BMAC method increased bone formation in sinus lift procedures.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on the induced osteogenic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS: We performed four groups with cultured dermal fibroblasts according to the culture medium: CONTROL (DMEM culture medium); TGF-β1 (DMEM culture medium with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1); OSTEOG (DMEM culture medium with 0.5 µg/ml of ascorbic acid, 10 mmol/l of β-glycerophosphate and 10 nmol/L of dexamethasone); and OSTEOG/TGF-β1 (osteogenic medium with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of osteocalcin (OC) in the supernatant, as well as the capability to form calcium phosphate deposits, were analysed for 28 days RESULTS: There were significant differences (p

Purpose: This study investigated the combination of a bone marrow mononuclear fraction with a bone xenograft material in an appositional bone regeneration technique. Materials and Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of six animals each. Bone reconstruction situations were created using titanium cylinders; these were filled with xenograft in group 1 animals and xenograft enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction in group 2 animals. Two cylinders were adapted onto the calvaria of each animal. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the tibia of every animal. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the parietal bone and cylinders were fixed in 10% formalin for analysis of clinical measurement of the bone volume formed inside the cylinders and histomorphometric evaluation of parameters such as vital mineralized tissue (VMT), nonvital mineralized tissue (NVMT), nonmineralized tissue (NMT), and vital mineralized tissue in contact with titanium (VMTCT). Results: Clinically, groups 1 and 2 demonstrated bone volume gains of 88.29% ± 25.97% and 98.96% ± 0.00%, respectively. Histomorphometry for groups 1 and 2, respectively, demonstrated the following mean values: VMT, 18.96% ± 8.99% and 28.02% ± 8.76%; NVMT, 28.43% ± 2.44% and 25.57% ± 2.33%; NMT, 52.61% ± 10.80% and 46.42% ± 10.06%; and VMTCT, 4.98% ± 4.30% and 27.29% ± 9.58%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the use of the bone marrow mononuclear fraction can improve bone healing and the level of osseointegration.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) PURPOSE:To evaluate the viability of random pattern dorsal skin flaps in rats after injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC).METHODS: Thirty five adult male Wistar EPM rats (weight 250-300 g) were distributed, at random, in two groups. I- Control (flap elevation with injection of saline solution) with fifteen animals and II- Experimental (flap elevation with injection of ADSC ) with fifteen animal. The ADSC were isolated from others five adult male rats. A dorsal skin flap measuring 10x4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed in both groups and the injection (cells or saline solution) were perfomed immediately after the surgery. The percentage of flap necrosis was measured on the seventh postoperative day.RESULTS:The ADSC were able to replicate in our culture conditions. We also induced their adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation to verify their mesenchymal stem cells potentiality in vitro. The results were statistically significant showing that the ADSC decreased the area of necrosis (p

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the bone healing observed after the use of (1) a scaffold enriched with fresh bone marrow, (2) a scaffold enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction, and (3) a scaffold alone. Material and methods Twenty one rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of six animals and 1 group of 3 animals. Bilateral 12-mm diameter defects were created in the animals' parietal bones. In Control Group, the defects were filled with a xenograft alone (n = 6); in Group 1, with a xenograft enriched with fresh bone marrow (n = 6); in Group 2, with a xenograft enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction (n = 6) and in Unfilled Group, nothing was grafted (n = 3). In Groups 1, 2, and Control, one of the calvarial defects was randomly covered with a barrier membrane. The rabbits were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and their parietal bones were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results The histomorphometric analysis showed no difference between Group 1 and the Control Group regarding non-vital mineralized tissue area, but Group 2 showed a statistically significant higher percentage than the Control Group (P

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84866250839.pdf: 6275180 bytes, checksum: 94b5c464ae37b08d81f5d2dade098b8b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-19 Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing after the usage of a scaffold enriched with bone marrow. Study Design. Ten rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 5 animals. Bilateral 12 mm diameter defects were created in the parietal bones. In control group Bio-Oss were inserted in both defects and, in experimental group, Bio-Oss enriched with autologous bone marrow were inserted in both defects. In these two groups, one of the calvarial defects was covered with Bio-Gide. The rabbits were sacrified 8 weeks after surgery and both CT and histomorphometric analysis were done. Results. The CT showed a lower remaining defect area in the experimental group covered with Bio-Gide when compared with control group, with and without Bio-Gide. The histomorphometrics showed no difference between groups regarding the non-vital mineralized tissue area. For vital mineralized tissue area, the experimental group covered with Bio-Gide obtained a higher percentage area when compared with control group, with and without Bio-Gide. For non-mineralized tissue area, the experimental group covered with Bio-Gide obtained a lower percentage area when compared with control group, with and without Bio-Gide. Conclusion. Both autologous bone marrow and membrane can contribute to the enhancement of bone healing. Copyright © 2012 Marcelo de Oliveira e Silva et al. Medicine School Unifesp, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781-11 andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP Unesp Dental School, 04039-032 São José dos Campos, SP Unesp Dental School, 04039-032 São José dos Campos, SP

PURPOSE: To evaluate effects of oxidative stress and supplementation of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on cultivated human keratinocytes. METHODS: Oxidative stress was produced through addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the culture medium. Cultivated human keratinocytes were divided in 4 groups: Group control (G C), Group KGF (G KGF), Group H2O2 (G H2O2), Group H2O2 and KGF (G H2O2-KGF). Each experiment was accomplished with the same lineage cultivated keratinocytes, in triplicate. Cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay. RESULTS: The results showed that the culture medium supplemented with KGF presented a small rate of cell viability when compared to cells only in culture medium (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the transverse dimension of the maxilla after surgically assisted rapid expansion with and without using a transpalatal arch fixed retention. Sixty cast models of the maxilla and 60 posteroanterior radiographs from 30 adult subjects, 16 male subjects and 14 female subjects, were evaluated. The subjects were 18.1 to 53.2 years old (mean age, 27.3 years), had been submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, and were using the expansion appliance for four months. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 subjects. One group, called the group with retention, received a transpalatal arch fixed retention and another group, which received no retention, was called the group without retention. The assessments were performed at two time points: at the removal of the expansion appliance (T1) and 6 months after the removal of the expansion appliance (T2). In the cast models, interpremolar distances (A-A1) and intermolar distances (B-B1) were measured and in the posteroanterior radiographs, maxillomandibular discrepancy was used. A reduction in the distances A-A1 (-0.76 mm) and B-B1 (-1.54 mm) was observed among the time points studied in the group without retention and this difference was statistically significant. In the group with retention, the difference between the time points T1 and T2 was not statistically significant. The assessment of the maxillomandibular difference showed an increase between the time points T1 and T2 in the group with retention (1.54 mm) and the group without retention (0.84 mm), which means a reduction in the maxillary width in the posteroanterior radiograph. In the comparison between the groups, the assessment of the cast models and the assessment of the posteroanterior radiograph showed no statistically significant difference in any of the variables studied.