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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a small sensor attached to the pastern region of a forelimb on lameness detection and quantification with a portable inertial sensor–based system (PISBS) for lameness detection and quantification in horses. ANIMALS 20 adult horses (body weight, 410 to 650 kg) with no visible lameness at the walk. PROCEDURES In a crossover study design, horses were evaluated at the trot twice using the PISBS with the gyroscope alternately attached to the right forelimb pastern region (as recommended by the manufacturer) or to the left forelimb pastern region (with the sensor flipped 180° on the frontal plane relative to the standard position). Agreement between the 2 instrumentation approaches was investigated graphically and by repeated-measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS No effects of instrumentation of a forelimb with the gyroscope were detected on the lame limb or limbs or on lameness severity. Attachment of the gyroscope to a forelimb had no effect on forelimb or hind limb lameness (ie, did not cause or mask lameness) as measured with the PISBS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Instrumentation of a forelimb with a lightweight gyroscope for lameness evaluations with a PISBS had no effects on lameness measurements in horses. Results suggested that, when indicated, the gyroscope can be attached (while flipped 180° on the frontal plane relative to the standard position) to the left forelimb (rather than the right forelimb).

The present study aimed to evaluate the filtration for separating seminal plasma of boars’ ejaculate by means of sperm viability and the occurrence of hyperactivation and lipid peroxidation in fresh semen and after cooling for up to 96 hours. The ejaculate of eight healthy boars of different breeds was collected and the gelatinous portion was separated and discarded. In the laboratory, the semen was fractioned into three aliquots (groups G1, G2 and G3) as follows: G1: semen with plasma diluted in BTS (TOTAL BTS); G2: semen centrifuged at 600G/10’ (BTS CEN); and G3: semen filtered with the Sperm-filter® following dilution of the retained cells with BTS (BTS FIL). The analyses were performed at three moments: with fresh samples (D0) and after 48 (D2) and 96 hours (D4) of cooling at 17ºC. The kinetic evaluation was performed using the CASA system, which provided data for the classification of sperm hyperactivity. For lipid stress analysis, the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) test was performed. The variance analysis test was conducted to compare the results between the groups and moments analyzed. The results showed better total motility values (%) for G1 at D0 (67.9, P= 0.001), D2 (36.6, P= 0.004) and D4 (26.1, P= 0.003). The occurrence of hyperactivity was observed in G2 and G3 at moments D2 and D4. In addition, TBARS showed higher peroxidation levels for G1 at D0 (8.1 mM MDA/ml, P= 0.01), D2 (7.4 mM MDA/ml, P= 0.02), and D4 (6.41mMol MDA/ml, P= 0.008) when compared to G2 and G3. Since the filtration method did not demonstrate any damage to the sperm viability, the study concluded that sperm filtration is an accessible and valid tool to replace centrifugation. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a filtração como alternativa para a separação do plasma seminal de ejaculados suínos, ao considerar a viabilidade espermática por meio da ocorrência de hiperativação e peroxidação lipídica no sêmen fresco e após refrigeração por até 96 horas. O ejaculado, de oito cachaços saudáveis de diferentes raças, foram colhidos por meio da técnica da mão enluvada e porção gelatinosa foi separada e descartada. Em laboratório, o sêmen foi fracionado em três alíquotas (grupos G1, G2 e G3) da seguinte forma: G1: sêmen e plasma seminal, diluído em BTS (TOTAL BTS); G2: ejaculado centrifugado a 600G/10’ para separação do plasma seminal, e o pellet de espermatozoides formados foram ressuspensos em BTS (BTS CEN); e G3: sêmen filtrado com Sperm-filter®, e espermatozoides retidos foram diluídos em BTS (BTS FIL). As análises foram realizadas em três momentos: amostras frescas (D0), após 48 horas (D2) e seguidas 96 horas (D4) de refrigeração a 17ºC. A avaliação cinética foi realizada pelo sistema CASA, que forneceu dados para a classificação da hiperatividade espermática. Para análise de estresse lipídico, foi realizado o teste TBARS (substâncias reagente ao ácido barbitúrico). Um teste de análise de variâncias foi feito para detectar diferenças entre os grupos e momentos avaliados. Os resultados mostraram melhores valores de motilidade total (%) para G1 em D0 (67,9, P = 0,001), D2 (36,6, P = 0,004) e D4 (26,1, P = 0,003). A ocorrência de hiperatividade foi observada em G2 e G3 nos momentos D2 e D4. Além disso, o TBARS mostrou níveis de peroxidação lipídica mais elevados para G1 em D0 (8,1 mM MDA / ml, P = 0,01), D2 (7,4 mM MDA/ml, P = 0,02) e D4 (6,41 mMol MDA / ml, P = 0,008) quando comparado com G2 e G3. Como a filtração não induziu a danos na viabilidade espermática, o estudo concluiu que a filtração espermática é uma ferramenta acessível e válida para substituir a centrifugação com intuito de separar o plasma seminal.

Sperm quality can be affected by a reduction in testicular blood flow, which can be measured by Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to correlate the Doppler velocimetry of the testicular artery with kinetics of the epididymal spermatozoa in dogs. Twenty-two dogs (44 testicles) were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography in five regions of the testicular artery before orchiectomy. Spermatozoa were recovered by the epididymal tail compression technique and analysed for kinetics on a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA system). Morphology (modified Karras) and sperm membrane integrity were analysed by eosin-nigrosine staining. Data were analysed by Pearson's correlation test (p < .01). The mean total motility was 69.0% ± 17.7, progressive motility was 43.7% ± 14.7, average path velocity (VAP) was 127.0 µm/s ± 20.7, curvilinear velocity (VCL) was 221.0 µm/s ± 31.1, and sperm velocity index (SVI) was 389.9 ± 56.1. There were positive correlations between the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the proximal supratesticular region with the SVI (r = .529), VCL (r = .555) and VAP (r = .473), and a negative correlation with the percentage of slow spermatozoa (r = -.463). The results suggest that the testicular artery blood flow velocity can positively affect the speed of spermatozoa movement. For the first time, we have correlated sperm kinetics with the Doppler evaluation of the testicular artery in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate head, pelvic, and limb movement to detect lameness in galloping horses. ANIMALS 12 Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES Movement data were collected with inertial sensors mounted on the head, pelvis, and limbs of horses trotting and galloping in a straight line before and after induction of forelimb and hind limb lameness by use of sole pressure. Successful induction of lameness was determined by measurement of asymmetric vertical head and pelvic movement during trotting. Differences in gallop strides before and after induction of lameness were evaluated with paired-sample statistical analysis and neural network training and testing. Variables included maximum, minimum, range, and time indices of vertical head and pelvic acceleration, head rotation in the sagittal plane, pelvic rotation in the frontal plane, limb contact intervals, stride durations, and limb lead preference. Difference between median standardized gallop strides for each limb lead before and after induction of lameness was calculated as the sum of squared differences at each time index and assessed with a 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS Head and pelvic acceleration and rotation, limb timing, stride duration measurements, and limb lead preference during galloping were not significantly different before and after induction of lameness in the forelimb or hind limb. Differences between limb leads before induction of lameness were similar to or greater than differences within limb leads before and after lameness induction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Galloping horses maintained asymmetry of head, pelvic, and limb motion between limb leads that was unrelated to lameness.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da solução poli-iônica intravenosa contendo 84mEq/L de lactato (L84) sobre os equilíbrios hidroeletrolítico e ácido-base de equinos, quando administrada de forma rápida ou lenta. Cinco equinos sadios adultos receberam a infusão contínua intravenosa da L84, em volume correspondente a 10% do peso corporal, em duas ocasiões: a) infusão rápida (16,66mL/kg/h) durante seis horas; b) infusão lenta (8,33mL/kg/h) durante 12 horas. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas ao início da infusão (hora zero) e três, seis, nove, 12 e 24 horas após, e amostras de urina nas horas zero, seis, 12 e 24. Determinaram-se pH (sanguíneo e urinário), pCO2, HCO3 -, BE, PPT, lactato L, Na+, K+, Cl-, AG, SID, Atot, VVP, densidade urinária e excreções fracionadas urinárias de lactato L, Na+, K+ e Cl-. A L84 provoca efeito alcalinizante iatrogênico de menor magnitude quando administrada de forma lenta, porque os mecanismos renais, atuantes durante o período de infusão, promovem a correção gradativa do desequilíbrio. Pode-se concluir que a infusão de forma lenta da solução L84 em equinos é recomendável nos casos em que se suspeite de acidose metabólica e não seja possível quantificar o grau do desequilíbrio. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an intravenous polyionic solution containing 84mEq/L of lactate (L84) on the hydroelectrolyte and acid-base balances when administered quickly or slowly in horses. Five healthy adult horses received the L84 solution, in a volume corresponding to 10% of BW, by continuous intravenous infusion, in two instants: a) rapid infusion (16.66mL/kg/h) during 6 hours; b) slow infusion (8.33mL/kg/h) during 12 hours. Venous blood samples were taken at the beginning of the infusion (hour 0) and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after. Urine samples were taken at 0, 6, 12, and 24h. pH (blood and urine), pCO2, HCO3-, BE, TPP, L-lactate, Na+, K+, Cl-, AG, SID, Atot, PVV, urine specific gravity, and L-lactate, Na+, K+, and Cl- renal fractional clearance were determined. The L84 solution causes lower magnitude alkalizing effect when administered slowly, due to the gradual correction of the iatrogenic imbalance by the kidneys during the infusion period. The L84 solution infused at a low rate in horses could be recommended in cases where metabolic acidosis is suspected and it is not possible to quantify the imbalance degree.

Summary Strangulating obstruction of the small intestine by anomalousmesenteric bands is an uncommon cause of colic in horses.The most commonly reported bands are mesodiverticularbands that are embryological remnants of the vitelline arteries.Despite the congenital nature of the anomaly, a wide agerange of horses can be affected. This report describes a caseof small intestinal strangulating obstruction caused by anunusual, anomalous congenital band attached to theileocaecal fold in a yearling colt. Information including casebackground, history, clinical, laboratory, surgical andpathological findings is described. Introduction Strangulating obstruction of the small intestine is an importantcause of colic in horses. Different pathological conditions havebeen described associated with strangulating obstructionsincluding anomalous bands (Mair and Edwards 2003; Freeman2012). In horses, the most common type of noninflammatoryintrabdominal band with potential to cause intestinalstrangulating obstruction is the mesodiverticular band.Mesodiverticular bands may also be found in mature horseswithout causing any problem (Edwards 2004). The proposedmechanism by which a mesodiverticular band can causestrangulating obstruction is through an associated rent in itsmesentery whereby loops of small intestine may becomeentrapped and eventually incarcerated (McIlwraith andRobertson 1998). This report describes a case of small intestinalstrangulating obstruction in a yearling colt caused by ananomalous mesenteric band attached to the ileocaecal foldwith no association with a mesenteric rent.

Deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy is a technique employed for years to treat selected disorders of the musculoskeletal system in horses. Although two different surgical approaches (i.e. mid-metacarpal and pastern) have been described for performing the procedure, in vitro quantitative data regarding the modifications induced by either technique on the distal articular angles is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the viability of a proposed biomechanical system of induced-traction used to compare the two DDF tenotomy techniques by measuring the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs. Ten pairs of forelimbs were collected and mounted to a biomechanical system developed to apply traction at the toe level. Dorsal articular angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were determined by geometric lines on radiographs taken before and after performing each technique. Comparisons between each tenotomy group and its own control, for each joint, and between the two tenotomy groups using as variable the difference between the tenotomy and control groups were tested. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the DDF tenotomy technique at the pastern level produced extension, to a lesser and greater extent, of the PIP and DIP joints, respectively when compared to the mid-metacarpal level. No remarkable differences could be observed for the MP joint. The developed traction-induced biomechanical construct seemed to be effective in producing valuable quantitative estimations of the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs subjected to different DDF tenotomy techniques.

Intestinal obstruction due to foreign body ingestion is one cause of colic in horses. Although it occurs more frequently in juveniles, adult horses also may be affected. The small colon is a common location in which foreign bodies can be found. Depending on the location of the obstruction in the small colon, different techniques to dislodge the foreign body toward areas where it can be safely exteriorized and removed can be attempted. Alternatively, different approaches to the abdomen can be performed to facilitate exteriorization of the obstructed segment and removal of the foreign body. This paper describes a case of large and small colon obstruction in an adult horse caused by two distinct foreign bodies. The large colon obstruction was removed through a pelvic flexure enterotomy using the ventral midline approach, and the small colon obstruction was removed through a small colon enterotomy using a paramedian approach. Information regarding signalment, history, clinical signs, surgical treatment, and follow-up status of the horse are described.

A four-year-old Appaloosa brood mare was referred for evaluation of a colic episode of 24 hours' duration. Physical examination revealed a distended cecum filled predominantly with fluid. A tentative diagnosis of cecal dysfunction was determined, and surgical intervention was performed by means of typhlotomy and ileocolostomy techniques through a complete bypass of the cecum. Postanaesthetic myopathy and incisional infection developed as postoperative complications. The mare was discharged 13 days after surgery. Follow-up information obtained from the owner and referring veterinarian 4 months after discharge revealed full recovery of the mare.

Reasons for performing study Treatment of metabolic acidosis using sodium bicarbonate solutions is safe when blood gas analysis is available. The evidence that solutions containing metabolisable buffers can be used as an alternative for treatment of metabolic acidosis in horses is of practical interest. Objectives To investigate the safety and efficacy of a polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate (L84) for the correction of induced hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis. Study design Non-randomised crossover design. Methods Five healthy, adult, crossbred horses were used. A solution containing 100 mmol/l of HCl was infused intravenously (100 ml/kg bwt) for 5 h to induce metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis was induced in each horse twice, with a minimum 15-day interval after recovery from the first induction: the first time no treatment was administered (control group) and the second time horses were treated with an intravenous infusion of L84 solution, 100 ml/kg bwt for 5 h, beginning 3 h after the end of HCl infusion. Venous blood samples were taken at 0, 2.5, 5, 8, 10.5, 13, 24 and 48 h; and urine at 0, 5, 8 and 13 h. Laboratory data included pH (blood and urine), PCO2 , HCO3- , base excess, total plasma protein concentration, l-lactate, Na+ , K+ , Cl- , strong ion difference (SID4 ), anion gap, change in plasma volume and fractional excretions of Na+ , K+ and Cl- . Effects of time and treatment were tested by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis was induced. In the untreated horses, correction of the imbalance occurred gradually, and mild acidosis was still present at 48 h. In horses treated with the L84 solution, acidosis was corrected by the end of the infusion. There were no adverse effects with the administration of the L84 solution. Conclusions A polyionic solution containing 84 mEq/l of lactate effectively corrected induced metabolic acidosis in horses within 5 h.

Tão importante quanto a indicação de reposição hidroeletrolítica e a escolha da solução mais apropriada é o conhecimento da quantidade de fluidos, das vias de administração e da velocidade de reposição a serem utilizadas. Considerando que em muitas situações a fluidoterapia deve estender-se por períodos prolongados, o uso de cateteres intravenosos, associados a sistemas que permitem fluxo contínuo durante várias horas do dia, reduz em muito a necessidade de acompanhamento ininterrupto.

As alterações do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico apresentam-se comumente associadas a diversas patologias envolvendo animais de grande porte. Com o objetivo de se promover a correção dessas alterações, é importante a elaboração de um plano de reposição hidroeletrolítica que, baseado nas informações da anamnese, do exame clínico e dos testes laboratoriais, deve incluir não só a escolha da solução mais adequada como também sua quantidade, via de administração e velocidade de reposição. Neste artigo são abordados aspectos referentes à fisiologia da água corpórea e eletrólitos, indicações da fluidoterapia e principais fluidos utilizados em Medicina Veterinária.

Conhecida como uma das mais importantes causas de cegueira nos eqüinos, a uveíte recorrente eqüina (URE) caracteriza-se por repetidos episódios de inflamação ocular interrompidos por períodos variáveis de quiescência clínica. Muito embora diversos fatores tenham sido relacionados à ocorrência de URE, acredita-se que a doença se desenvolva pela ação de agentes como Leptospira interrogans e a microfilária do nematóide Onchocerca cervicalis, em conseqüência de reações imunomediadas intra-oculares. Os sinais clínicos da fase aguda, como epífora, blefarospasmo, fotofobia, hiperemia conjuntival, miose, opacidade corneana e do humor aquoso, hifema e hipópio, podem ser encontrados em diferentes graus. Os sinais da fase crônica podem incluir sinéquias, alterações na forma e pigmentação normais da íris, luxação ou subluxação do cristalino e catarata, entre outros. O tratamento tem como principais objetivos a redução da inflamação uveal, a preservação da motilidade da pupila e a prevenção de seqüelas que levem à cegueira, e consiste, fundamentalmente, no uso de drogas antiinflamatórias e midriáticos e cicloplégicos. O prognóstico, quanto à conservação da visão, está na dependência da intensidade e freqüência dos episódios recorrentes e do sucesso do tratamento. Known as the leading cause of blindness in horses, equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is characterized by several attacks of intra-ocular inflammation alternated with variable periods of clinical quiescence. Although many factors have been related to ERU it seems that Leptospira interrogans and the microfilaria of Onchocerca cervicalis play an important role in the pathogenesis through an immune-mediated mechanism. Clinical findings in the acute phase include variable degrees of epifora, blepharospasm, photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, corneal opacity, aqueous flare, hyphema, and hypopyon. Clinical findings consistent with chronic phase include synechiae, changes in shape and pigmentation of the lens, cataract and lens luxation or subluxation. The principal goals of treatment are reduction of uveal inflammation, preservation of pupil's motility, and prevention of blindness. Therapy consists mainly of antiinflamatory and mydriatics/cycloplegic drugs. The prognosis for preservation of vision varies with severity and frequency of recurrencies, and the success of the treatment.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84781999000100015.pdf: 79831 bytes, checksum: aea0de87036926ab9ac98f910c936efd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84781999000100015.pdf: 79831 bytes, checksum: aea0de87036926ab9ac98f910c936efd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781999000100015.pdf: 79831 bytes, checksum: aea0de87036926ab9ac98f910c936efd (MD5) S0103-84781999000100015.pdf.txt: 36227 bytes, checksum: c9de755e97f768d525b88019bb52a798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781999000100015.pdf: 79831 bytes, checksum: aea0de87036926ab9ac98f910c936efd (MD5) S0103-84781999000100015.pdf.txt: 36227 bytes, checksum: c9de755e97f768d525b88019bb52a798 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781999000100015.pdf: 79831 bytes, checksum: aea0de87036926ab9ac98f910c936efd (MD5) S0103-84781999000100015.pdf.txt: 36227 bytes, checksum: c9de755e97f768d525b88019bb52a798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A aplicação intraperitoneal de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) tem sido utilizada na prevenção de aderências peritoneais em animais e em humanos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a resposta do peritônio ao trauma cirúrgico e à aplicação de CMC e estudar como se processa a metabolização da CMC. Dezenove eqüinos mestiços foram submetidos à laparotomia, quando se produziram lesões no jejuno distal por abrasão da serosa e isquemia. Nos 9 eqüinos do grupo tratamento, antes da síntese da parede abdominal, foi instilada, na cavidade peritoneal, uma solução estéril de CMC, a 1% na dose de 7ml/kg. Nos eqüinos do grupo controle, nenhum medicamento foi aplicado na cavidade peritoneal. Após a cirurgia, colheram-se sangue e fluido peritoneal em 9 momentos: 4 horas após o fim da cirurgia, nos 3 primeiros dias pós-operatórios, pela manhã e a cada 48 horas nos dias subseqüentes (no 5º, 7º, 9º, 11º e 13º dias pós-operatórios). Os exames laboratoriais demonstraram que todos os animais desenvolveram inflamação peritoneal. Entretanto, nos animais do grupo tratamento, esta inflamação foi mais intensa e com um curso mais longo. Observou-se também que a excreção da CMC ocorreu por fagocitose. Intraperitoneal application of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been used for peritoneal adhesions prevention in animals and humans. The objectives of this research was to study the peritoneal response to surgical trauma and application of CMC and also to study how CMC excretion occurs. Nineteen healthy mixed breed horses were submited to laparotomy to produce lesions in distal jejunum by serosal abrasion and ischemia. In the nine horses of the treatment group, 7ml/kg of a 1% CMC sterile solution were instilated in peritoneal cavity before abdominal wall syntesis. No medication was instiled in peritoneal cavitiy of the control group horses. After surgery, blood and peritoneal fluid were colected in 9 postoperative moments: 4 hours after surgical end, on the morning of the 3 subsequent days and on the morning of the 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th postoperative days. Laboratory tests showed that all animals developed peritoneal inflammation. However, in treatement group, inflammation was more severe. It also could be observed that CMC excretion occured by fagocitosis. Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Departamento de Veterinária Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da solução de Ringer com lactato (SRL) sobre os equilíbrios hidroeletrolítico e acidobase de equinos, ovelhas e bezerros hígidos. Equinos adultos (n=6), ovelhas adultas (n=6) e bezerros (n=5) receberam a SRL em volume correspondente a 10% do peso corporal, administrada por infusão contínua intravenosa durante quatro (ovelhas e bezerros) ou seis (equinos) horas. Amostras de sangue venoso e de urina foram colhidas antes do início da infusão, na metade do volume infundido, ao término da infusão e duas (ovelhas e bezerros) ou três (equinos) horas após. Foram determinados valores de pH sanguíneo e urinário, de pCO2, HCO3- e BE no sangue, de Na+, K+, Cl- e SID no soro, de AG, PPT, Atot e lactato L no plasma e das excreções fracionadas urinárias de Na+, K+, Cl- e lactato L. A SRL provocou hemodiluição e não afetou os equilíbrios eletrolítico e acidobase nas três espécies estudadas, não sendo capaz de promover aumento da reserva alcalina. Por outro lado, deve ser considerada segura para a terapia de manutenção com infusão de grandes volumes porque não provoca desequilíbrios eletrolíticos. The effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) on fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balances were investigated in healthy horses, ewes and calves. LRS was intravenously infused in six adult horses, six adult ewes and five calves in a volume corresponding to 10% of body weight, continously during four (ewes and calves) or six (horses) hours. Venous blood and urine samples were taken before the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the infusion and two (ewes and calves) or three (horses) hours after. Blood and urine pH, blood pCO2, HCO3- and BE, serum Na+, K+ and Cl-, and plasma TP and L lactate were measured. Na+, K+, Cl- and L lactate fractional clearance and plasma SID, AG, and Atot were calculated. In all species LRS caused hemodilution but didn't change electrolyte and acid-base balances. It was not able to increase alkali reserve. On the other hand, LRS must be considered safe for maintenance therapy with large volume infusions because it doesn't induce electrolyte imbalances.

A 4-month-old, male castrated Alpine White goat presented to the University of Guelph, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with urolithiasis and a ruptured urethra. A tube cystostomy was performed using an indwelling Foley catheter. Postoperatively, the goat remained in good health, and was discharged with the cystostomy catheter in situ. Five weeks following surgery, the goat was noted to pass urine through its urethra. Seven weeks following surgery, the catheter became dislodged and the goat was observed to urinate normally. Six months following surgery, the goat was apparently healthy and urinating normally. Tube cystostomy may be a useful therapeutic option in the management of small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis with concurrent rupture of the urethra, especially for cases in which treatment cost is a limiting factor.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:04Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-01-01 A úlcera gástrica figura como uma importante causa de desconforto abdominal em eqüinos jovens. de acordo com a localização das lesões na mucosa gástrica, a presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos e possíveis complicações resultantes de sua ocorrência, quatro síndromes clínicas são freqüentemente descritas em potros: 1) Úlceras assintomáticas ou silenciosas; 2) Úlceras sintomáticas ou ativas; 3) Úlceras perfuradas; e 4) Obstruções gástrica ou duodenal. Com o objetivo de se verificar a distribuição de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e descamações do epitélio aglandular no estômago de eqüinos jovens assim como uma possível relação entre as alterações mencionadas (lesão/descamação) sessenta potros da raça Quarto de Milha não-portadores de sinais clínicos compatíveis com úlceras gástricas foram submetidos à gastroscopia. Os potros foram divididos em quatro faixas etárias de 15 animais cada uma, sendo: 1 a 30 dias, 31 a 60 dias, 61 a 90 dias e 91 a 120 dias de idade. As lesões ocorreram em ordem decrescente de freqüência nas regiões aglandular próximo ao margo plicatus ao longo da curvatura maior, aglandular próximo à cárdia ao longo da curvatura menor, fundo glandular e aglandular e antro. As descamações do epitélio aglandular ocorreram de forma similar nas regiões de fundo e margo plicatus. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de lesões e descamações. Gastric ulcer accounts for an important cause of abdominal discomfort in young horses. Concerning either the presence or absence of clinical signs and their variations, the lesions location in the gastric mucosa and complications resulting from ulcerative lesions, four clinical syndromes have been described in foals: 1) Asymptomatic or silent ulcers; 2) Symptomatic or active ulcers; 3) Perforated ulcers; and 4) Gastric or duodenal obstruction. With the aim of studying the distribution of lesions (ulcers and/or erosions) and desquamations from the non-glandular epithelium in the gastric mucosa of young horses and a possible relationship between both alterations (lesion/desquamation), sixty Quarter Horse foals without signs of gastric disease underwent gastroscopy. Foals were divided by age in four groups of 15 animals as follows: 1 to 30 days, 31 to 60 days, 61 to 90 days and 91 to 120 days. Lesions were most prevalent in the stratified squamous epithelial mucosa mainly adjacent to the margo plicatus along the greater curvature followed by squamous mucosa next to the cardia along the lesser curvature, glandular and non-glandular fundus and antrum. Regions of the fundus and margo plicatus were similarly affected by desquamations. There was no association between lesions and desquamations occurrence. Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Departamento de Clínica Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-09. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:37:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84781998000300012.pdf: 1168751 bytes, checksum: 3fab7804d8f6664d135e7eb4b7ace1d1 (MD5) As aderências peritoneais formam-se freqüentemente nos eqüinos submetidos a laparotomia. As aderências podem ser assintomáticas ou podem causar complicações como cólica e osbstrução intestinal, às vezes com estrangulamento vascular. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do uso intraperitoneal de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) na prevenção de aderências peritoneais em eqüinos, fez-se o seguinte experimento: dezoito eqüinos clinicamente normais, sem raça definida (SRD), foram anestesiados e submetidos a laparotomia na linha mediana ventral, quando se produziu lesões no jejuno distal para induzir a formação de aderências peritoneais. Em quatro animais (bloco I) foram criadas seis lesões: um segmento com aproximadamente 45cm de comprimento foi submetido à isquemia, através da ligadura da circulação mural e dos vasos mesentéricos por duas horas; em cinco pequenas áreas, com cerca de três por cinco centímetros, foi feita abrasão da serosa pela fricção 100 vezes de uma gaze seca e um ponto simples seromuscular de categute cromado foi aplicado no seu centro. Nos outros 14 animais (bloco II). o modelo adotado foi semelhante com pequenas modificações: ao invés de um segmento de isquemia foram criados quatro segmentos com 25cm de comprimento; a abrasão das cinco pequenas áreas foi feita com uma pinça Rochester aberta e não com uma gaze seca; a sutura seromuscular com categute aplicada no centro das áreas de abrasão foi uma linha contínua simples, com aproximadamente 2,5cm de comprimento e não um ponto simples. Os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. Em dois animais do bloco I e sete animais do bloco II (grupo tratamento), antes da síntese da parede abdominal, foi instilada, na cavidade peritoneal, uma solução decmC a 7% na dose de 7 ml/kg. Nos outros nove animais (grupo controle) a parede foi suturada da mesma forma, mas nenhum medicamento foi aplicado na cavidade peritoneal. Os eqüinos foram examinados diariamente. Quatorze dias após a cirurgia, todos os animais sofreram eutanásia e foram submetidos à necropsia. Seis, dentre os nove animais do grupo controle e quatro, dentre os nove animais do grupo tratamento, desenvolveram aderências perítoneais. Não houve diferença significativa entre o número de animais com aderências nem entre o número ou o grau das aderências formadas nos dois grupos. Os animais do grupo tratamento não apresentaram qualquer sinal de toxicidade ou hipersensibilidade àcmC. Concluiu-se que a carboximetilcelulose não foi eficiente na prevenção de aderências peritoneais no intestino delgado de eqüinos induzidas por abrasão da serosa e isquemia. Concluiu-se também que esta droga não causou efeitos colaterais e não prejudicou a cicatrização do peritônio. Peritoneal adhesions form very often in horses submitted to laparotomy. Adhesions may be assymptomatic or they could cause complications such as colic and intestinal obstruction, sometimes with vascular strangulation. To evaluate intra-peritoneal use of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in prevention of peritoneal adhesions in horses, the following experiment was conducted: eighteen clinically normal mixed breed horses were anesthetized and submitted to ventral midline laparotomy. Lesions in the distal jejunum were produced to induce peritoneal adhesion formation. In four horses (block I) six lesions were created: one segment 45cm in length was submitted to ischemia by ocluding mural circulation and mesenteric vessels for two hours; in five small areas with approximately three x five centimeters serosal abrasion was produced by rubbing a dry gauze sponge 100 times with a single chromic catgut suture placed in the center through the seromuscular layer. For the other fourteen animals (block II) the model adopted was similar with small chances: instead of one ischemic segment, four segments 25cm in length were created: abrasïon of the five areas was produced with the jaw of an open Rochester forceps; the suture made in the center of the abrasion areas was a line of a simple continuous pattern with 2.5cm in length approximately. Horses were randomly placed into two groups. In nine animals (treatment group), a volume of 7 ml/kg of 1%cmC was instilled in the peritoneal cavity before abdominal wall synthesis. In the other nine animals (control group) the wall was sutured in the same way, but no drug was instilled in the peritoneal cavity. Horses were monitored daily. All animals were submitted to euthanasiu and necropsy fourteen days after surgery. Six of the nine animals in the control group and four of nine animals of treatment group developed peritaneal adhesions. There were no significant differences between the numher of animals with adhesians in the two groups nor between the number and the grade of adhesions developed in the groups. Animals in the treatment group did not show any sign of toxicity or hypersensivity forcmC. Based on these results it may be concluded that carboxymethylcellulose was not efficient in preventing peritoneal adhesions in equine small intestine induced by serosal abrasion and ischemia. Also it may be concluded that this drug did not cause any collateral effects neither impaired peritoneal healing. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de Londrina Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Em medicina veterinaria a administracao intravenosa de fluidos e amplamente utilizada. Essa pratica necessita de um sistema que, constituido basicamente por um recipiente contendo a solucao a ser administrada e um equipo que transfere a solucao do recipiente ao paciente, garanta uma administracao segura e esteril. Uma vez desenvolvido o sistema, taxas de escoamento devem ser determinadas a fim de se assegurar as quantidades de fluidos a serem administradas por unidade de tempo em situacoes clinicas reais. O presente trabalho objetivou a determinacao do fluxo de escoamento de agua em um sistema de infusao intravenosa idealizado para grandes animais com o regulador de fluxo totalmente aberto. A taxa de escoamento obtida foi igual a 7,32 l/h.

Evaluation and observation was carried out with 24 equidae put on oxytetracycline hydrochloride medication, a drug incriminated as potential cause of severe colitis with diarrhea manifestations for this species. The animals of this study were natural carriers of affections that required antimicrobial use. During 4 to 19 uninterrupted days intravenous doses of 7, 15 or 20mg/kg were administered, every 24 hours. No side effects were observed during the period of treatment or after it. Thus, at the doses and intervals described above, oxytetracycline showed to be safe for equidae.

O artigo descreve as indicacoes para a transfusao de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais, abordando tambem a escolha de doadores e testes de compatibilidade sanguinea, a colheita de sangue, a transfusao propriamente dita e possiveis reacoes adversas.

As fraturas de olecrano ocorrem frequentemente em equinos, especialmente em potros jovens. A causa mais comum da fratura relaciona-se ao trauma externo originado, principalmente, por coices ou quedas. Modalidades distintas de tratamento incluindo o repouso prolongado ou a reparacao cirurgica dos variados tipos de fratura tem sido executadas com diferentes resultados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a descricao de um caso de fratura de olecrano em um equino adulto reparada cirurgicamente por meio de placa e parafusos ortopedicos. O animal apresentou recuperacao plena da funcao locomotora desempenhando normalmente suas funcoes por mais 7 anos. Informacoes relativas ao historico, sinais clinicos, diagnostico, tratamento cirurgico e prognostico sao discutidas e comparadas com a literatura.

A espondilomielopatia cervical (EMC) é uma afecção que envolve diversas estruturas da coluna vertebral cervical de cães de raças grandes e gigantes, havendo como consequência a compressão da medula espinhal, raízes nervosas, ou ambas. A cirurgia é o tratamento de escolha e diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos foram propostos para o tratamento da EMC. Na doença disco-associada, o tratamento amplamente utilizado e que conduz a melhores resultados é a distração-fusão, porém, esta técnica pode levar a alterações biomecânicas nos segmentos adjacentes aumentando o risco de lesão do tipo “dominó”, com consequente degeneração dos discos intervertebrais imediatamente craniais e caudais ao ponto acometido. Recentemente, a técnica de artroplastia com o uso da prótese Adamo Spinal Disc® foi proposta na Medicina Veterinária com o objetivo de preservar a mobilidade entre as vértebras e ao mesmo tempo manter a distração entre elas. Com o uso dessa prótese, os resultados clínicos foram favoráveis, porém a quantidade de distração e a mobilidade dos espaços intervertebrais reduziram-se com o passar do tempo, quando comparado com o pós-operatório imediato. Outra complicação encontrada foi o afundamento tardio do implante no corpo vertebral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma prótese de disco intervertebral cervical por meio do “design” gráfico e avaliar de forma qualitativa e quantitativa as principais tensões no sistema prótese - corpo vertebral utilizando o método de elementos finitos (MEF). Para isso foram utilizadas dezesseis colunas cervicais (C3-C7) de cadáveres caninos maturos (25-35 Kg) que serviram como modelo e parâmetro para as mensurações do tamanho da prótese. A mensuração da largura, altura, comprimento e angulação das superfícies ventrais e placas terminais dos corpos vertebrais de C5-C6 das colunas cervicais coletadas foram realizadas a fim de se obter o tamanho médio da prótese a ser desenvolvida. A prótese foi desenvolvida no programa Rhinoceros® e utilizou-se prototipagem após impressão em 3D para definição do melhor “design” e mensurações do implante. A análise por meio do MEF foi realizada no programa AnsysWorkbench. Para comparar a prótese desenvolvida com a já existente no mercado, foram compostos dois grupos experimentais representados por: prótese de disco cervical constituída de liga de titânio, denominada PVTM Cervical Disc (grupo I - GI) e a prótese Adamo Spinal Disc® (grupo II - GII). As tensões nas superfícies dos corpos vertebrais e prótese (parte cranial – P1; parte caudal – P2 e parafusos) foram avaliadas após a aplicação de forças de extensão, flexão lateral e flexão ventral. As forças foram aplicadas com as vértebras posicionadas de duas formas: neutra (para ambos os grupos) e pré-posicionada (flexão e extensão máximas apenas para o GI). Com as vértebras posicionadas de forma neutra, tanto para o GI como para o GII, observou-se que as tensões totais médias geradas no corpo vertebral, em P1 e P2 foram respectivamente 51,7%, 72,7% e 57,1% maiores no GII do que em GI. Com as vértebras posicionadas de forma neutra para o GII e pré-posicionada para o GI, observou-se que as tensões totais médias geradas no corpo vertebral, em P1 e P2 foram respectivamente 119,9%, 123,6% e 105,4% maiores em GII que em GI. A prótese PVTM Cervical Disc (GI) apresentou “design” adequado e bom encaixe no espaço intervertebral entre C5 e C6, e as tensões totais médias geradas no osso e prótese foram maiores em GII quando comparado com o GI. O estudo permitiu desenvolver uma prótese com distribuição mais homogênea das tensões no corpo vertebral e que possivelmente evita o afundamento da mesma e consequente redução da distração e mobilidade intervertebral como ocorre com a prótese Adamo Spinal Disc® (GII) existente no mercado. Cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) is a disease that usually affects various structures of the cervical spine of large and giant breed dogs causing compression of the spinal cord, nerve roots, or both. Surgery is the treatment of choice and different surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of CSM. In disk-associated disease a widely used treatment the better results is distraction-merger, however, this technique can lead to biomechanical changes in the adjacent segments increasing the risk of “domino” type injury with consequent degeneration of the discs immediately cranial and caudal to the affected point. Recently, arthroplasty was proposed in order to keep distraction and preservation of mobility at the affected site using the Adamo Spinal Disc® prosthesis. Clinical outcomes using this prosthesis were favorable but distraction and mobility in the treated intervertebral spaces were reduced in most dogs over time when compared to the immediate postoperative period. Sinking of the prosthesis in the vertebral body was the main complication. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a cervical intervertebral disc prosthesis and evaluate main stress points in the prosthesis system - vertebral body using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Sixteen cervical spine (C3-T1) of mature canine cadavers weighing between 25-35 Kg that served as a model and basis for the measurements of the size of the prosthesis were used. The measurement of width, height, length and angle of the ventral surfaces and end plates of the vertebral bodies of C5-C6 of the cervical spine collected were performed to obtain the average size of the prosthesis to be developed. The prosthesis has been developed in Rhinoceros program and used for 3D prototyping after printing to define the best "design" and measurements from the implant. Analysis by the FEM was held at AnsysWorkbench® program. We setup two experimental groups represented by: cervical disc prosthesis made of titanium alloy (group I - GI) and the prosthesis Adamo Spinal Disc® (group II - GII). The stresses in the surfaces of the vertebral bodies and implant (cranial plate - P1; flow plate - P2 and screws) were evaluated after applying extension forces, lateral bending and ventral flexing. The forces applied to the vertebrae were positioned in two ways: neutral (for both groups) and pre-positioned (maximum flexion and extension only for GI). Comparing tensions with the vertebrae positioned neutrally it was observed that the average total stress generated were 51.7%, 72.7% and 57.1% higher in GII than in GI, in the vertebral body, P1 and P2, respectively . Comparing the tensions in the neutral form (GII) and pre-positioned (GI), the average total stress generated were 119.9%, 123.6% and 105.4% higher in GII than GI, in the vertebral body, and P1 P2, respectively. The developed prosthesis PVTM Cervical Disc (GI) presented nice fit and proper "design" intervertebral space between C5 and C6 and the average total stress generated in the bone and prosthesis GII were higher when compared with the GI. The study allowed us to develop a prosthesis that features more homogeneous stress distribution in the vertebral body and prevents the sinking of the prosthesis and consequent reduction of distraction and intervertebral mobility as occurs in Spinal prosthesis Adamo Disc® (GII) on the market.