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En este trabajo se presenta el estado de la cuestión y nuevos hallazgos sobre la constatación arqueológica de la presencia de dromedario, Camelus dromedarius L., en el sur de al-Andalus. De igual modo, se aborda el uso al que fueron destinados a partir del análisis de las noticias aportadas por las fuentes escritas, así como una primera aproximación a la significación simbólica de este animal. Por otra parte, se evidencia que la mayoría de las manipulaciones observadas en los restos óseos de dromedario analizados estaría relacionada con la fabricación de distintos utensilios de hueso. En cuanto a la distribución geográfica que alcanzaron estos animales en la península ibérica y su aumento o disminución en al-Andalus, concluimos que estuvieron presentes a lo largo del periodo islámico. This paper presents the state-of-the-art regarding the archaeological verification of the presence of dromedaries, Camelus dromedarius L. in the south of Al-Andalus, together with new findings regarding this topic. This research also ana-lyzes several written sources, which clarify the usage given to these animals and, at the same time, offers a first symbolic meaning given to them. On the other hand, we demonstrate that most of the bone manipulations found in the bone remains from dromedaries corresponds to the manufacturing of several different bone tools. As far as the geographical distribution of these animals within the iberian peninsula and their increase or decrease in al-Andalus, we conclude that they were present during the Islamic period. Junta de Andalucía AAPUN 08/2021 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades HAR2017-87060-P

In the first and limiting step of nitrification, ammonia (NH3) is oxidised to nitrite (NO2–) by the action of some prokaryotes, including bacteria of the Nitrosomonas genus. A potential approach to nitrification inhibition would be through the application of phages, but until now this method has been unexplored and no virulent phages that infect nitrifying bacteria have been described. In this study, we report the isolation of the first phage infecting some Nitrosomonas species. This polyvalent virulent phage (named ΦNF-1) infected Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosomonas communis, and Nitrosomonas nitrosa. Phage ΦNF-1 has the morphology of the Podoviridae family, a dsDNA genome of 41,596 bp and a 45.1 % GC content, with 50 predicted open reading frames. Phage ΦNF-1 was found to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce NH4+ consumption in the phage-treated cultures. The application of phages as biocontrol agents could be a useful strategy for nitrification inhibition without the restrictions associated with chemical inhibitors. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-113355GB-I00, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European regional fund (ERF), and the CDTI project (IDI-20190017). The study was partially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR170). L. R.-R is lecturer of the Serra-Hunter program, Generalitat de Catalunya. C. G-G. has a fellowship from the University of Barcelona. L. S-C has a Maria Zambrano fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades. M.D.R-B has a Margarita Salas fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most frequent endocrine neoplasm, with an increase in recent decades. Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent histological subtype and a large number of cases are related to tumors of small size and with little clinical repercussion, detected incidentally or as a consequence of the availability of diagnostic techniques. The "good prognosis" of the majority of cases has maintained for years the controversy in the approach to these patients, especially in two basic aspects of the therapeutic protocol: surgery and the administration of radioiodine. While in metastatic and high-risk patients, the administration of

Sustainable irrigation expansion is pivotal to guarantee global food security. Fertigation techniques with surface or subsurface drip lines are among the most promising irrigation practices. Yet, the effect of surface versus subsurface drip fertigation on ecosystem respiration (CO2) fluxes remains largely unknown while there is not available information regarding CH4 emissions, even though this knowledge is essential to obtain a comprehensive overview of the carbon (C) footprint of these practices. To address this knowledge gap, a field experiment was set up in a maize (Zea mays L.) crop comparing surface and subsurface drip (buried at 30 cm depth) in combination with four fertilization treatments (unfertilized control, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulphate with or without the nitrification inhibitor DMPP). Our results showed that all fertilized treatments (except the unfertilized control) were net CH4 sources (135–208 g C ha−1). Subsurface irrigation reduced cumulative CH4 emissions compared to surface irrigation by 80% (P < 0.05). Moreover, subsurface irrigation also abated ecosystem respiration fluxes (by 41%, P < 0.05) relative to surface irrigation. Emission peaks of both C fluxes were observed after fertigation events. Our results demonstrate that subsurface irrigation is a water-saving strategy that can contribute to decreasing the net greenhouse gas emissions of irrigated croplands through the abatement of CH4 and respiration fluxes.

The sustainability of rainfed crops under semiarid conditions is threatened by low plant nitrogen (N) recovery as well as the potential loss of reactive N to the environment. A field 15N tracing experiment on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed conditions was carried out to study how different tillage management practices and the use of the nitrification inhibitor DMPSA affected the fate of N. The experiment consisted of a factorial combination of tillage (i.e., no tillage, NT, and conventional tillage, T) and fertilizer treatments (unfertilized control and ammonium nitrate, AN, with or without DMPSA). Single-labelled ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3, 15AN, or NH415NO3, A15N) was applied at top-dressing to microplots at a rate of 80 kg N ha−1. Our results show out that DMPSA modulates the nitrification process from both fertilizer-N and endogenous soil-N (which was the main contributor to plant N uptake and N2O emissions), affecting soil residual N at the end of the cropping period (i.e., higher topsoil retention of 15AN in DMPSA-amended plots). Generally, cumulative N2O emissions from fertilizer were derived from 15AN rather than from A15N, thus confirming the site-specific choice of the source of synthetic N as an effective N2O mitigation strategy. Two months after harvest, a rewetting event produced a remarkable N2O emission peak that drove total cumulative N2O emissions and was also mainly derived from endogenous N. These results suggest that dry seasons could decrease N2O losses after fertilization while causing critical peaks after rewetting, thus potentially limiting the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The average plant N recovery from the synthetic fertilizer was 22.6%, while the use of DMPSA combined with NT enhanced plant N uptake from endogenous soil-N. This could be a result of the improved crop development and plant N acquisition under NT, consistent with the decrease of soil N retention for A15N in the deeper layer at the end of the experiment in the nontilled plots. This study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the effect of nitrification inhibitors and tillage on N2O emissions, soil N dynamics and N plant recovery, revealing relevant effects of both management strategies and a critical role of endogenous soil-N under dry rainfed conditions. It can be concluded that, under the conditions of our study, combining DMPSA with NT could help to improve plant N recovery, thus resulting in positive impacts on reactive N loss and climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Lymphomas are the most common hematological malignancies and are further distinguished in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL). For staging purposes and for assessing response to treatment, the Lugano classification is currently used, both for HL and NHL patients, whereas for the assessment of prognosis, several prognostic systems exist, such as the international prognostic index (IPI) and revised-IPI for diffuse large B cell lymphomas, follicular lymphoma IPI (FLIPI)-1 and 2 for follicular lymphomas, and the international prognostic score for advanced HL. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the significance of the metabolic FDG PET/CT parameters, such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), in monitoring therapeutic interventions and prognostic outcome of patients with HL and NHL. We performed a systematic search on the literature and selection of articles concerning treatment evaluation, response and survival in association with MTV and TLG in patients with lymphomas. Our review documented that in most studies, baseline MTV and TLG were predictive of treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for both HL and NHL patients. There were conflicting results for the value of interim determination of MTV and TLG. Our conclusion was that combination of baseline MTV and TLG parameters with prognostic scoring systems, such as IPI, or FLIPI-1 and -2, will add additional predictive power for response and prognosis in lymphoma patients.

Adequately estimating soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using static chambers is challenging due to the high spatial variability and episodic nature of these fluxes. This paper discusses how static chamber N2O experiments can be designed, and protocols implemented, to better account for this variability and reduce the uncertainty of N2O emission estimates. It is part of a series of papers in this special issue, each discussing a particular aspect of N2O chamber methodology. Aspects of experimental design and sampling affected by spatial variability include site selection, and chamber layout, size and areal coverage. Where used, treatment application adds a further level of spatial variability. Time of day, frequency and duration of sampling (both in terms of individual chamber closures and overall experiment duration) affect the temporal variability captured. In addition, we present best practice recommendations for experimental chamber installation and sampling protocols to minimise the introduction of further uncertainty. To obtain the best N2O emission estimates, resources should be allocated to minimise the overall uncertainty in line with experiment objectives. In some cases, this will mean prioritising individual flux measurements and increasing their accuracy and precision by, for example, collecting ≥4 headspace samples during each chamber closure. However, where N2O fluxes are exceptionally spatially variable, for example, in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes, such as uneven and woody grazed pastures, using available resources to deploy more chambers with fewer headspace samples per chamber may be beneficial. Similarly, for particularly episodic N2O fluxes, generated for example by irrigation or freeze-thaw cycles, increasing chamber sampling frequency will improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of temporally interpolated N2O fluxes

The enhancement of zinc (Zn) concentration in cereal crops without compromising yield is a global challenge with crucial health and food security implications. Aims: To achieve Zn biofortification in wheat through the appropriate management of fertilization with both Zn and nitrogen (N), due to the synergistic effect between them, using natural organic sources of Zn. Methods: We carried out a field experiment using a rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop fertilized with four Zn sources (Zn-sulphate, Zn-lignosulphonate, Zn-amino acids and Zn-gluconate) and three N application rates under semi-arid conditions. Results: The strategy of increasing the N rate by 50% with respect to the recommended N rate (i.e., 120 kg N ha–1) did not improve either wheat yield or grain Zn-N concentration. The combined effect of applying natural organic Zn complexes and the recommended N rate tended to increase grain Zn concentrations (by an average of 14%), although this increase was significantly higher when Zn-sulphate was applied (63%) due to its higher recommended Zn application rate. Natural organic Zn fertilizers achieved the highest grain yields, probably due to the enhancement of N uptake. The natural organic Zn fertilizers resulted in higher Zn utilization efficiency compared with the Zn-sulphate fertilizer. Conclusions: In calcareous Zn-deficient soils, our results suggest that Zn–N co-fertilization involving Zn-sulphate combined with the recommended N application rate would be advisable for obtaining grain Zn biofortification, while the highest yields can be obtained with the application of natural organic Zn fertilizers.

We construct the integral transform passing from the space representation to the momentum representation for the Hydrogen atom using polar spherical coordinates. The resulting radial wave functions are explicitly given in terms of complex finite expansions of Gegenbauer functions of the first and second kind, or in terms of (elementary) trigonometric functions. We show their symmetry under the $SO(4)$ group, and their equivalence with those of Lombardi and Oglivie., Comment: Revised version, according to the referees' suggestions. Includes new figures

Luego de la cruenta etapa de violencia politica y terrorismo que sufrio el Peru entre los anos 1980 al 2000 este pais, el estado y los ciudadanos en general, se ven con la imperiosa necesidad de estudiar, analizar y entender por que paso esta cruenta etapa, sus consecuencias para la sociedad y la manera en no volver a repetir dicha epoca de terror, es ahi, bajo esa necesidad, que nace la Comision de la verdad y reconciliacion (CVR) y paralelo a ello se crea un relato visual de los 20 anos de terrorismo en el Peru llamado Yuyanapaq. Para recordar. Yuyanapaq utiliza a la fotografia como una herramienta de recuerdo y creacion de memoria, la fotografia de por si es un elemento importante en la narracion visual por la representatividad de lo que se fotografia. Se tiene que tener en cuenta que existen muchos tipos de narrativa visual sobre cualquier tema de acuerdo a la ideologia politica o punto de vista que le quieran dar los fotografos, los medios donde salen publicadas las fotografias o las diferentes exposiciones fotograficas donde se puedan exhibir las imagenes. Caretas (revista) y El Diario de Marka* (periodico) son dos medios de comunicacion escritos que utilizaron la fotografia periodistica para mostrar, de manera visual, el punto de vista de dos medios antagonicos en lo que se refiere a ideologia politica para plasmar el punto de vista sobre dos hechos cruentos en estos 20 anos de terrorismo en el Peru, la matanza de Uchuraccay y la matanza de Lucanamarca. Este trabajo academico se centra en la diversificacion de narrativas visuales que se pueden dar sobre dos hechos tragicos para la historia del Peru, utilizando a la fotografia como vehiculo visual del punto de vista ideologico de dos medios de comunicacion antagonicos politicamente hablando en comparativa con la narrativa visual del estado, representado por la exposicion Yuyanapaq. para recordar. La fotografia, gracias a la naturaleza moldeable de este elemento comunicacional, es utilizada como un conducto para mostrar el punto de vista que se quiere dar sobre un hecho en concreto, la imagen surge como un elemento complementario y necesario para graficar las posiciones en pleno conflicto; ambos medios de comunicacion utilizan a la fotografia como elemento sustancial para posicionar la vision que tienen sobre las dos matanzas que se analizan en esta tesis doctoral. Por otro lado Yuyanapaq. Para recordar se nutre, no en todos los casos que presenta, de la fotografia periodistica para crear su propia narrativa visual de esa epoca pero en otro contexto y con objetivos claros en el sentido de crear memoria social mostrando imagenes de las victimas con el fin de crear conciencia y memoria social sobre este fenomeno nefasto que enluto al Peru. En este sentido Yuyanapaq utiliza a la fotografia como una herramienta para evocar la terrible epoca de violencia politica que asolo al Peru pero sobre todo para dar visibilidad a los mas pobres y quechua hablantes, sector de la poblacion peruana mas afectado en esa epoca. La creacion de narrativas visuales se da tambien en base a las diferentes percepciones que nos pueda dar la fotografia como herramienta comunicacional, es decir, que las imagenes que se muestran en esta tesis doctoral son fotografias publicadas que pasaron por una seleccion de interpretacion, percepcion y eleccion para poder formar parte de un mensaje, parte de un discurso politico representado en la linea editorial de los medios elegidos en este trabajo, asi como en el de la exposicion fotografica. * El Diario de Marka dejo de circular en 1988, para esa epoca salia con el nombre de El Diario y no tenia nada que ver con El Diario de Marka ya que se habia vuelto el vocero oficial de Sendero Luminoso.

RESUMEN:Es innegable el aporte que ofrece la fotografía periodística en la construcción de memoria social sobre todo si se trata de sociedades donde ocurrieron traumas sociales como lo fue el terrorismo en el Perú entre los años 1980 al 2000.El presente artículo es un complemento de la tesis doctoral que el autor desarrolla sobre el estudio de la fotografía periodística como documento histórico válido, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de la publicación y la línea editorial del medio de comunicación en donde aparece publicada la fotografía, ya que estos dos elementos, al margen de muchos más, nos amplían el aporte de la imagen para la construcción de memoria histórica, teniendo como referencia el caso y los medios de comunicación citados en el título.

Laboratory experiences are critical to the learning process across all domains of engineering, due to the fact that information technology has changed the educational laboratory landscape. Three general laboratory types are found in engineering education; namely, hands-on, virtual and remote; each of them with its own advantages and drawbacks. In this paper, various types of university laboratories around the world are described to present the updated state-of-the-art. Additionally, a discussion regarding the educational effectiveness of each laboratory format is discussed. Finally, a case study of the development and implementation of virtual reality laboratories and remote labs at Tecnologico de Monterrey is presented. Early results have demonstrated that the virtual labs are a viable option to complement and/or replace hands-on labs, mainly because of their low investment, low maintenance costs and ease of replication to meet user demand and, above all, because of their great impact on the new teaching paradigms, where it is necessary to encourage active learning and the development of skills based on challenges. In addition to reviewing the most characteristic learning outcomes of each type of laboratory, different elements that influence the success of teaching and learning processes, such as presence, belief, and collaboration, etc., are reviewed. We hope that this research will serve as a guide for designs of individual, blended or hybrid types of laboratories used for experimental teaching in engineering education.

Universities and international organizations are adopting and promoting Active Learning strategies, respectively. Reasons are varied, including that this approach has proven to prepare competitive students who are skilled to address the main problems of society once they enter the labor market. Active Learning is a student-centered-learning approach that involves the learner directly in the process. It consists of letting students be the main actors of the learning process by performing meaningful activities and critically thinking about what they are doing. In this research, a review of Active Learning is performed. The focus is on presenting concepts and practices central to Active Learning that leading universities are deploying, universities such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, North Carolina State University and Aalborg University. Also, the authors describe in this paper a case from their experience with Active Learning techniques in specified areas of engineering education at Tecnologico de Monterrey. Results indicate that this approach supports the development of in-demand competencies such as Teamwork, Problem-solving and Analysis. In addition, students’ performance and retention rates are improved. In the engineering field, students can acquire and practice different technical skills under supervision. Active Learning is a very flexible approach that can be integrated in a gradual manner by any organization. The authors have constructed this research to be a useful guide to Active Learning practices. It can support engineering professors and people interested in knowing or adopting this approach for improving their students’ results.

Fertilized cropping systems are important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) to the atmosphere, and biotic and abiotic processes control the production and consumption of these gases in the soil. In fact, the inhibition of nitrification after application of urea or an ammonium-based fertilizer to agricultural soils has resulted in an efficient strategy to mitigate both N2O and NO in aerated agricultural soils. Therefore, the NO and N2O mitigation capacity of a novel nitrification inhibitor (NI), 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA), has been studied in a winter wheat crop. A high temporal resolution of fluxes of NO and NO2, obtained by using automatic chambers for urea (U) and urea with DMPSA, allowed a better understanding of the temporal net emissions of these gases under field conditions. Seventy-five days after fertilization, the effective reduction of nitrification by DMPSA significantly decreased the production of NO with respect to the treatment without it, giving net consumption of NO in the soil (−61.72 g-N ha−1) for U + DMPSA in comparison to net production (227.44 g-N ha−1) for U. The explanation of NO deposition after NI application, due to biotic and abiotic processes in the soil-plant system, supposes a challenge that needs to be studied in the future. In the case of N2O, the addition of DMPSA significantly mitigated the emissions of this gas by 71%, though the total N2O emissions in both fertilized treatments were significantly greater than those of the control (43.69 g-N ha−1). Regarding the fertilized treatments, no significant effect of DMPSA in comparison to urea alone was observed on grain yield nor bread-making wheat quality. To sum up, we got a significant reduction of N2O and NO with the addition of DMPSA, without a loss in yield and quality parameters in wheat.

Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) is probably the most used non-linear time-frequency distribution for signal processing in fault diagnosis, due to the advantages of excellent resolution and localization in time-frequency domain. However, the presence of cross terms when they are applied to multicomponent signals can give misleading interpretations. A methodology based on Local Mean Decomposition (LMD) and WVD is proposed to get more reliable bearing fault diagnosis based on vibration signals. Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) guides the selection of the optimal frequency band with the most relevant information about the fault. Early results based on experimental data show successful diagnosis.

Tool condition monitoring systems in High Speed Machining (HSM) are of great importance to maintain the quality of the products and diagnose the useful life of the tools. These systems are highly demanded for the suppliers of molds and dies in the aeronautic and automotive industry. A new methodology to diagnose the tool wear condition by using a Stacked Sparse AutoEncoder(SSAE) neural network is presented. The methodology evaluates different signals obtained from different sensors (accelerometer, dynamometer and acoustic emission), which were recorded during the machining of aluminum workpieces, with different hardness, tools and cutting trajectories. The methodology presents a fairly acceptable performance (99.63%) in the prediction of the tool wear condition especially with the signals of the acoustic emission. SSAE neural network outperforms traditional neural network.

Current advances in Information Technology have allowed the development of high performance communication systems in automatic control applications, as well as high fidelity manufacturing system simulators. A hybrid proposal that combines virtual and remote laboratories approaches for teaching industrial automation courses is presented. Several competencies and skills based on different challenges and active learning techniques are promoted. The proposal requires low investment and operating costs, in addition to being easily scalable. Some elements that influence the teaching/learning process are analyzed. Early results have been successful and can serve as a guide to improve teaching/learning process in experimental automation courses.