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This study investigated the psychometric nature of preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity in physical activity. It initially re-examined the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) among Portuguese exercisers, looking at its applicability to different exercise activities and exercise experiences. Then, to investigate the applicability of the measure in different groups, its invariance was examined. The sample consisted of 1117 participants (528 male, 589 female) aged 18–81 years old (Mage = 36.81, SD = 11.89). All participants reported at baseline that they were exercising, on average, 3.93 days (SD = 1.36) per week. The exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) displayed the best fit. The ESEM did show invariance when tested for multigroup analysis. The conclusion of this research is that the ESEM demonstrated the best fit, displaying invariance in multigroup analysis. Furthermore, when assessing preference and tolerance in various exercise modalities, the PRETIE-Q should be primarily used as a multidimensional instrument due to the differential recognition of preference and tolerance in seemingly similar physical activity circumstances, highlighting the importance of employing context-verified measures to evaluate exercise-intensity preference and tolerance based on sample characteristics or real-time context. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Studies show that physical activity, exercise, or sport reduces depressive symptoms in the general population. However, little is known about its effects on individuals with disabilities. Thus, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to verify the effects of this practice on depressive symptoms in individuals with disabilities. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases were used, with several descriptors and Boolean operators. A total of 1509 studies were identified through searching the databases. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were subsequently assessed for their methodological quality (Downs and Black scale), and a meta-analysis was performed. The Z-values that were obtained to test the null hypothesis, which states that there is no difference in means, showed Z = −2.294 and a corresponding p-value = 0.022. We can, therefore, reject the null hypothesis in the sense that exercise seems to reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with disabilities. In sum, participants from the intervention group presented more probability of reducing depressive symptoms when compared to the control group (approximately −1.4 standard differences in means; 95% CI −2.602 to −0.204). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Assessing quality of life (QoL) is important to provide personalized and individualized support plans with the purpose of improving personal outcomes. Based on the conceptual model of QoL, the aim of this study was to assess the congruence between the perceptions of institutionalized individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and the perception of a third party, regarding QoL. Forty-two individuals participated in this study, including twenty-one with mild to severe IDD and their family members/caregiver/reference technician, who responded to the Personal Outcomes Scale (Portuguese version). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between reports in the personal development (t = −2.26; p = 0.024), emotional well-being (t = −2.263; p = 0.024), physical well-being (t = −2.491; p = 0.013) and total QoL (t = −2.331; p = 0.02). The results further show that most third-party reports tend to undervalue the QoL of the individual with IDD, and that there is no congruence in any of the QoL domains. The inclusion of self-reports in the QoL assessment is important. In addition to the assessment of third-party reports, the process of making decisions appropriate to the context and individual characteristics is equally important. On the other hand, the inclusion of third-party reports is an opportunity to promote communication among all stakeholders, recognize and discuss differences, and promote QoL, not only of individuals with IDD, but also of families. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Goals scored are the most important performance indicator and may be a good tool to analyze game style predominance within different leagues. The aims of this study are to describe how goals are scored in the two major soccer leagues in the season of 2020/21, and to compare both leagues to watch possible differences in the offensive sequences that lead to goal-scoring. The aims of this study were: to evaluate goal scoring trends among two main soccer leagues and to compare the two leagues. A total of 1409 goals were observed using notational analysis. The total results show a dominance of positional play/fast attack (n = 38%), followed by set pieces as the second means to score (n = 32%) with corner kicks having a great impact (n = 36%) within set pieces goals. The most goals were scored by short possessions (n = 50%) with short passes number (n = 57%), with the recovery of the ball in the offensive third (n = 47%) and the huge dominance of finalization in central areas inside the box (n = 78%). Spanish La Liga scored more by positional play/fast attack, with most of the possessions starting in the medium third and using more the “central wing goal area” and “between wings left in the box” end zones when compared with English Premier League. The latter has more goals from counterattacks and corner kicks with very long possessions. Most of the possessions start in the offensive third and more goals are scored in “central wing between penalty and goal area” in comparison with Spanish La Liga. Coaches must be aware of the trends of the game and of the differences across leagues to prepare themselves when working in different countries to each specific characteristic. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, body mass index, muscle strength, and balance in physically active, aged adults. Methods: Eighty-five participants were recruited for this study, having an average age of 70.31 years (SD = 9.90), ranging from 50 to 92 years. Twenty-six (30.6%) participants were male and fifty-nine (69.4%) were female. The participants had an average body mass index of 27.30 kg/m2 (SD = 3.62), ranging from 20.32 to 38.58 kg/m2. Participants undertook the Timed-Up and Go to test balance, and the chair-stand test to assess lower body strength. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Three models (Model 1, 2, and 3) were tested to assess their relationships with balance: M1—Lower body muscle strength; M2—Lower body muscle strength and body mass index; M3—Lower body muscle strength, body mass index, and age. Results: All hierarchical models displayed significant variance. The third model explained 50.9% of the variance in dynamic balance, [F(3, 81) = 27.94, p < 0.001, R = 0.71, Ra2 = 0.51]. The difference in Ra2 between the first, second, and third models was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Age, body mass index, and lower body muscle strength had significant (p < 0.05) correlations with balance. In terms of the significant impact of each predictor, age had the strongest association with balance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results are useful to understand mechanisms or diagnose people at risk of fall. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The present pilot project aims to analyse the effect of an intervention program based on ludic-motor games adapted for sensory and physical disabilities, lasting 5 weeks. The project is for children of the 1st and 4th grades of the 1st cycle of Basic Education and regards attitudes of inclusion and the perception of competencies. Thirty-two students, 15 male and 17 female, aged between 6 and 10 years old, participated in the present research. For the assessment of the implementation of this program of inverse inclusion, we used a mixed methodology with the quantitative assessment carried through a questionnaire (in the validation process) and the qualitative assessment with focus groups. The main results reveal significant differences in the perception of competence dimension between the two evaluation moments (pre and post). The analysis of the focus groups highlighted the satisfaction with the activities developed in the program as well as the perception of its relevance. In general, we concluded that the project allowed participants to be more aware of the skills and difficulties of a child with disabilities and more knowledgeable of strategies (for example, games and play) to include peers with disabilities., O presente projeto piloto visa analisar o efeito de um programa de intervenção baseado em jogos lúdico-motores adaptados para as deficiências sensoriais e físicas, com a duração de 5 semanas, em crianças do 1º e 4º anos de escolaridade do 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico, ao nível da perceção das crianças sem deficiência face aos pares com deficiência, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às atitudes de inclusão e da perceção de competências. Participaram 32 alunos, dos quais 15 são do género masculino e 17 do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 10 anos. Para a avaliação da implementação deste programa de inclusão inversa, recorremos a uma metodologia mista com a avaliação quantitativa realizada através de um questionário (em processo de validação) e a avaliação qualitativa com a realização de grupos focais. Os principais resultados revelam a existência de diferenças significativas, na dimensão da perceção de competências, entre os dois momentos de avaliação (pré e pós). A análise dos grupos focais também realçou a satisfação com o programa de atividades desenvolvido e perceção da pertinência do mesmo. De uma forma geral, conclui-se que o projeto permitiu aos participantes melhorarem a perceção relativa às competências e dificuldades de uma criança com deficiência, bem como mais conhecedores de estratégias (por exemplo jogos e brincadeiras) para incluir os pares com deficiência.

This narrative review aims to examine the current evidence that supports the importance of physical exercise and the role of the technicians as a promoter of citizenship education, physical fitness and its impact on the performance of activities of daily living and, therefore, on the quality of life of individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Several questions are listed in order to understand the reasons for the high rates of a sedentary lifestyle in this population, the reason for the scarcity of experimental studies, who are the actors in the evaluation, prescription and conduct of these activities, what the training of the actors is and what care should be taken. have with that population, in which, through a reflection supported by scientific evidence, an attempt will be made to respond. Results show a clear need in the market for physical exercise technicians with basic training in the area of sports sciences and specifically in adapted physical activities, in the development of functions, tasks and activities with individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, whether in the context of regular education, fitness or sport and, consequently, promoters of quality of life in individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities., Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo examinar as evidências atuais que suportam a importância do exercício físico e o papel do técnico de exercício físico como promotor de educação para a cidadania, da aptidão física e o seu impacto no desempenho das atividades de vida diária e, por conseguinte, da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental. Várias questões são elencadas, de modo a perceber as razões para as elevadas taxas de sedentarismo nesta população, o porquê da escassez de estudos experimentais, quem são os intervenientes na avaliação, prescrição e condução dessas atividades, qual a formação dos intervenientes e que cuidados devem ter com a referida população, no qual, através da uma reflexão suportada pela evidência científica, tentar-se-á dar resposta. Em termos de resultados é clara necessidade do mercado de técnicos de exercício físico com formação de base na área das ciências do desporto e específica em atividades físicas adaptadas, no desenrolar de funções, tarefas e atividades com indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental, seja em contexto de ensino regular, de fitness ou modalidade desportiva e, consequentemente, promotores de qualidade de vida em indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental.

Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo examinar as evidências atuais que suportam a importância do exercício físico e o papel do técnico de exercício físico como promotor de educação para a cidadania, da aptidão física e o seu impacto no desempenho das atividades de vida diária e, por conseguinte, da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental. Várias questões são elencadas, de modo a perceber as razões para as elevadas taxas de sedentarismo nesta população, o porquê da escassez de estudos experimentais, quem são os intervenientes na avaliação, prescrição e condução dessas atividades, qual a formação dos intervenientes e que cuidados devem ter com a referida população, no qual, através da uma reflexão suportada pela evidência científica, tentar-se-á dar resposta. Em termos de resultados é clara necessidade do mercado de técnicos de exercício físico com formação de base na área das ciências do desporto e específica em atividades físicas adaptadas, no desenrolar de funções, tarefas e atividades com indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental, seja em contexto de ensino regular, de fitness ou modalidade desportiva e, consequentemente, promotores de qualidade de vida em indivíduos com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental., Motricidade, Vol. 18 No. 3 (2022): Motricidade

El envejecimiento se asocia con patologías crónicas, que pueden prevenirse o retrasarse al participar en comportamientos saludables, como el ejercicio físico regular (EF). Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la calidad de vida, vitalidad y fuerza de la empuñadura de los participantes de edad avanzada en programas comunitarios de EF, así como analizar la relación de la práctica con estas variables. Se utilizó una muestra de 81 individuos, 49 mujeres y 32 hombres, de entre 65 y 85 años (72.33±5.02). Los resultados indican que los elementos masculinos presentaron valores más altos en las variables fuerza de prensión manual (p

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