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Au nanoclusters with tailored photoluminescence can be obtained through controlled nanoparticle ligand interface chemistry. The present work reports molecular gold nanoclusters with tuneable photoluminescence emission from 600 to 700 nm using N,N′,N″‐trialkyl (11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride ligands as capping‐agents. The tunability within red spectral region is regulated through specific interface chemistry between gold nanoclusters of molecular range and functional groups of the quaternary ammonium head over N,N′,N″‐trialkyl(11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride. Combined understanding obtained from the spectroscopy, microscopy, and density functional theory studies demonstrate that the functional group specific electronic interactions at the interfaces steer the emission characteristics of "molecular" Au nanoparticles. The study clearly identifies that bulkier functional groups, i.e., triethyl, tripropyl, tributyl, and dimethyl benzene over N+ (of thiol ligand) through their steric effects minimize the particle size giving rise to tunable photoluminescence emission in red spectral region. However, the red shift seen in the emission Au nanoclusters with N‐(11‐mercaptoundecyl)‐N,N′‐dimethylbenzenammonium chloride ligand in contradiction to particle size effect is computationally proved to be due to the delocalization of electron density from benzene aromatic ring to N+ of ammonium head leading to a reduction in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: Fistula in ano is amongst one of the earliest lesions to be recognized. It is accepted that majority of them occur due to suppuration of anal glands which open into the anal crypts. Fistula-in-Ano is the most common and an intriguing problem of the Ano-rectal region in general population. Laser assisted fistulous tract closure (LAFT) for fistula in ano is beneficial as one of the modalities of treatment with respect to ease of applicability, cost effectiveness, less pain, sparing of sphincters, early recovery and low complications compared to conventional procedures. To compare the effectiveness of treatment with laser surgery to the traditional type of surgery. Healing rates, healing duration, surgery time, Postoperative complications, Duration of hospital stay. Methods: A Prospective Analytical study of patients admitted and treated for fistula in ano. With sample size 60. Patients operated for fistula in ano during the period of study at Osmania General Hospital for 24 Months. Results and Conclusion: Results of the study were inferred and it was found that laser surgeries have an advantage of short operative time, minimal blood loss, short hospital stay, minimal postoperative pain, shorter duration for healing and sphincter sparing surgery but a high chance of recurrence when compared to other conventional surgeries. There is decrease in the recurrence rate laser surgery by careful patient selection and closure of internal opening by suturing and seton placement for drainage of active discharge in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim & Objectives: The primary goal of the study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of topical applications of Inj. Phenytoin, sucralfate syrup, and hydrogel cream on non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers; to compare the healing efficacy of phenytoin, sucralfate syrup, and hydrogel cream -Ulcer healing time; to estimate the average reduced hospital stay with each dressing; and to assess the cost of each dressing. Methods: Over the course of 24 months, the investigation was carried out as a clinical trial at Hyderabad's Osmania Medical College/Hospital. Patients at Osmania Medical College/Hospital's Surgery Out Patient Department (OPD) who have been diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers. Results: The likelihood of an amputation increases with grade. At the conclusion of the first week, there was no discernible difference in the ulcer's size when using all three dressings. When phenytoin injection dressing is used instead of the Sucralfate and Hydrogel dressing, there is a discernible rate of size reduction at the end of the fourth and tenth weeks. The minimal number of days spent in the hospital for Group A patients is significantly lower than for Group B and Group C patients. When compared to Group B and Group C, patients in Group A return to work earlier and miss fewer days of work overall. Conclusion: The current study comes to the conclusion that the management of diabetic foot ulcers with Inj phenytoin dressing has better ulcer healing and contraction rate, early recovery from the disease, and early return to work. It is also more readily accessible on the market and simpler to apply. a prolonged hospital stay will prevent cross infection. In the current study, phenytoin dressing for diabetic ulcers that are not healing caused a statistically significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A multi-season research trial entitled ‘crop residue management effects on yield and water productivity of summer mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under different irrigation regimes in Indian Punjab’ was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Regional Research Station (RRS), Bathinda, during rabi 2020 and 2021. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot layout with nine treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1 (no wheat residue along with tillage), T2 (leftover wheat residue with zero tillage), and T3 (incorporated wheat residue along with tillage) in main plots and irrigation regimes viz., I1 (vegetative growth and flowering stage), I2 (vegetative growth, flowering, and pod filling stage) and I3 (vegetative growth, flowering, pod formation and pod filling stage) in sub-plots, respectively. The growth and yield attributing characters were significantly higher under T3 than T1 but statistically at par with T2 during both years. An increase of 24.1% and 19.0% in grain yield was found in residue incorporation (T3) and residue retention (T2) over residue removal (T1), respectively. Maximum crop and irrigation water productivity was observed under T3 due to reduced water use and increased yield. Among the irrigation regimes, the I3 recorded significantly higher grain yield (0.70 and 0.79 t ha− 1) than I1. It was at par with I2 during both years due to higher irrigation frequency at the pod formation and pod filling stage. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher under I3, whereas irrigation water productivity (IWP) was higher under I1 during both years. Additional irrigation at the pod-filling stage increased the grain yield by 36.5%, and two additional irrigations at the pod-formation and pod-filling stage further increased yield by 46.2% compared to only two irrigations at the vegetative and flowering stages. The treatment combinations of T2I2 and T3I2 outperformed T1I3 in terms of growth and yield attributing characters viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), pods plant− 1, seeds pod− 1, and 1000-seed weight, which resulted in higher grain yield in these treatment combinations over T1I3. Applying crop residue can help minimize water use and increase crop water productivity. So, retaining crop residue in summer mung bean resulted in saving irrigation water due to lesser evapotranspiration from the soil surface.

Abstract Cotton seeds have poorer germination than other crops because of their high sensitivity towards insect pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses during the germination process. In the present study, inorganic bulk and nano nutrients of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical reduction method and invigourated with cotton seeds. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by FESEM, HRTEM, UV/Vis analysis and FTIR. The delinted and fuzzy seeds of two American cotton varieties (H 1300 and H 1098-i) were nano-primed for 10 h with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) @ 400 ppm and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) @ 100 ppm. After nanoparticle invigouration, the seeds were analyzed for various parameters at different intervals (0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months) such as germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, antioxidant enzyme activity. The results indicated that that different storage periods and nanopriming treatments had significant effects on all seed quality parameters except the effect of nanopriming treatments on germination percentage (excluding delinted seeds of H 1098-i). It is also revealed that the interaction effect of nanopriming treatment and storage period was non-significant on all parameters except EC. Maximum reduction in seed quality parameters was observed in control treatment and minimum was found when seeds were nanoprimed with ZnONPs @ 400 ppm. The differences in the response for both NPs can be attributed to their surface charge, and concentration used. Overall, ZnONPs and TiO2NPs could hold seed quality and vigour during the storage of cotton seeds of American varieties (H 1300 and H 1098-i).

Abstract A study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, with the aim of monitoring soil loss and infiltration rate in loamy sand soil. The study focused on the effects of applying polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and mulch under simulated rainfall conditions. The experimental setup involved testing three levels of PVA (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%), one level of wheat-straw mulch (600 g/m2), and a Control treatment (untreated soil). Each of these treatments was replicated four times. The lowest soil loss (20.9 g/m2) was recorded under the 1.0% PVA treatment, while the highest (120.1 g/m2) was seen under the 0.5% PVA treatment. The 1.0% PVA treatment showed a significant reduction in soil loss compared to the 0.5% PVA, 0.75% PVA, mulch, and Control treatments, with reductions of approximately 82.6%, 45.1%, 81.2%, and 89.6%, respectively. Regarding infiltration rates, the Control treatment exhibited the lowest rate (2.4 cm/h), while the 1.0% PVA treatment displayed the highest rate (9.6 cm/h). Additionally, the use of mulch led to a 44.7% reduction in soil loss compared to the treatment without mulch, likely due to the mitigated impact of raindrops. The infiltration rate was significantly higher (4.8 cm/h) under the mulched treatment compared to the unmulched treatment (2.4 cm/h). Overall, the application of PVA and mulch resulted in a drastic reduction in soil loss, likely attributable to the enhanced stability of soil aggregates, improved infiltration rate, and reduced runoff.

Introduction: Undifferentiated round cell tumours (URCTs) are rare and less researched Ewing-like mesenchymal tumours that primarily affect bones and soft tissues. Therapeutic options for advanced URCT are limited. Pazopanib, a multi-tyrosine kinase and angiogenesis inhibitor, is currently used for managing advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. However, its efficacy in the treatment of URCT remains uncertain and has not been established. In this study, we have cultured and characterised a patient-derived URCT cell line to understand the in vitro growth properties and anti-cancer agent sensitivity. Materials and Methods: Primary cell culture was performed by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of URCT tissue specimens to derive a cell line. Morphology, growth properties and immunological features characterised the cells. Further, the in vitro sensitivity for clinically used anti-cancer drugs was evaluated. Results: The URCT cell line was established from a high-grade round-cell tumour patient. The cells had mesenchymal morphology and showed cyclin B3 (CCNB3) positivity, which was confirmed in the tissue from the patient. The cells exhibited an anchorage-independent growth property and aggregated to form spheroids in a non-adherent in vitro system. Anti-cancer agents vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide and pazopanib inhibited URCT cell proliferation. Pazopanib exhibited cytotoxic action in URCT cells, leading to cell death. Conclusions: This is an early report of cultured URCT cells expressing CCNB3, studied in vitro. The patient-derived model suggests the efficacy of pazopanib in URCT cells. The characterised line will be helpful to advance sarcoma studies.

Abstract Bio-transformations refer to the chemical modifications made by an organism on a chemical compound that often involves the interaction of plants with microbes to alter the chemical composition of soil or plant. Integrating bio-transformations and entomopathogenic fungi into litchi cultivation can enhance symbiotic relationships, microbial enzymatic activity in rhizosphere, disease suppression and promote overall plant health. The integration of biological formulations and entomopathogenic fungi can significantly influence growth, nutrient dynamics, physiology, and rhizosphere microbiome of air-layered litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) saplings. Biological modifications included, K-mobilizers, AM fungi, Pseudomonas florescence and Azotobacter chroococcum along with Metarhizium, entomopathogenic fungi have been used. The treatments included, T1-Litchi orchard soil + sand (1:1); T2-Sand + AM fungi + Azotobacter chroococcum (1:2:1); T3-Sand + Pseudomonas florecence + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T4- AM fungi + K-mobilizers (1:1); T5, P. Florecence + A. chroococcum + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T6-Sand + P. florecence (1:2) and T7-Uninoculated control for field performance. Treatments T4-T6 were further uniformly amended with drenching of Metarrhizium in rhizosphere. T2 application significantly increased resident microbe survival, total chlorophyll content and root soil ratio in seedlings. A. chroococcum, Pseudomonas, K-mobilizers and AM fungi increased in microbial biomass of 2.59, 3.39, 2.42 and 2.77 times, respectively. Acidic phosphatases, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatases were increased in rhizosphere. Leaf nutrients reflected through DOP were considerably altered by T2 treatment. Based on Eigen value, PCA-induced changes at biological modifications showed maximum total variance. The study inferred that the bio-transformations through microbial inoculants and entomopathogenic fungi could be an encouraging strategy to enhance the growth of plants, health and productivity. Such practices align well with the goals of sustainable agriculture through biological means by reducing dependency on chemical inputs. By delving into these aspects, the research gaps including microbial processes, competitive and symbiotic relationships, resistance in microbes and how complex interactions among bio-transformations, entomopathogenic fungi and microbes can significantly impact the health and productivity of litchi. Understanding and harnessing these interactions can lead to more effective and sustainable farming practices.

Abstract Soil contamination with heavy metals presents a substantial environmental peril, necessitating the exploration of innovative remediation approaches. This research aimed to investigate the efficiency of nano-silica in stabilizing heavy metals in a calcareous heavy metal-contaminated soil. The soil was treated with five nano-silica levels of 0, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg and incubated for two months. The results showed that nano-silica had a specific surface area of 179.68 $${\text{m}}^{2}/\text{g}$$ m 2 / g . At 1000 mg/kg, the DTPA-extractable concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr decreased by 12%, 11%, 11.6%, 10%, and 9.5% compared to the controls, respectively. Additionally, as the nano-silica application rate increased, both soil pH and specific surface area increased. The augmentation of nano-silica adsorbent in the soil led to a decline in the exchangeable (EX) and carbonate-bound fractions of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr, while the distribution of heavy metals in fractions bonded with Fe–Mn oxides, organic matter, and residue increased. The use of 1000 mg/kg nano-silica resulted in an 8.0% reduction in EX Pb, 4.5% in EX Cu, 7.3% in EX Zn, 7.1% in EX Ni, and 7.9% in EX Cr compared to the control treatment. Overall, our study highlights the potential of nano silica as a promising remediation strategy for addressing heavy metal pollution in contaminated soils, offering sustainable solutions for environmental restoration and ecosystem protection.

Abstract Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland which is believed to arise from intrathyroidal thymic tissue. It predominantly affects young adults and children presenting with a thyroid mass of variable duration and rarely occurs in adults. It has a high overall survival with a tendency for delayed metastasis. SETTLE is a biphasic lobulated tumor composed of spindle shaped cells along with glandular formations seen on histopathological examination. Despite its typical morphology it is commonly misdiagnosed on histopathology due to its rarity and overlapping morphology with other close mimics such as a carcinoma, synovial sarcoma and thymoma. Herein we report such a case occurring in a middle aged female presenting with a neck mass. She had an initial diagnosis of metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma possibly with an orophayngeal primary in view of co expression of CK, p40 and p16 on immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent surgical resection with modified neck dissection. On review at our hospital it was diagnosed as SETTLE and she remains disease free after a follow-up period of 1 year. Diligent histopathological examination espoused with a judicious panel of IHC markers in conjunction with clinicoradiological findings forms the mainstay of diagnosis. Diffuse and strong p16 immunoexpression has not been documented or evaluated in literature so far, and needs to be explored for its diagnostic utility in this rare entity.

This study investigates the cascade Rankine cycle coupled with a reverse osmosis system for brackish groundwater treatment. The proposed system integrates a steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in a looped configuration, utilizing solar energy as a heat source. Each Rankine cycle is coupled with reverse osmosis (RO) to produce approximately 1 m3/h of permeate from each RO system. The system is investigated with working fluid combinations from R1233zd(E), R1234ze(Z), and R1336mzz(Z). Through comprehensive energy, exergy, and economic analyses, the system's performance is evaluated with zeotropic mixtures compared to pure R1233zd(E). The results demonstrate reliable performance with zeotropic mixtures, particularly R1233zd(E)/R1234ze(Z) with a mass composition of 0.6/0.4, demonstrating the maximum ORC expander work output of 1.15 kW. Parametric analysis reveals remarkable performance under different ORC system parameters. Variations in SRC condensation pressure show a trade-off performance between SRC and ORC turbine work output. Exergy analysis reveals an increase in exergy destruction by evaporation-based ORC components and a reduction in exergy destruction by condensation-based components, emphasizing improved irreversibility during the condensation process. Economic analysis indicates a marginal impact on the overall system cost, with the treated water cost ranging from 0.891 to 0.919 $/m3.

Field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Bathinda from 2017-18 to 2019-20 to evaluate the growth and yield of wheat under varying sowing dates (Nov. 15, Nov. 30 & Dec 15), irrigation regimes (IW: CP = 0.6, 0.8, & 1.0), and nitrogen levels 80% RDN, RDN & 120% RDN). Timely sowing (15 November) resulted in significantly highest grain yield (5090 kg ha-1) and delay in sowing caused reduction in yield by 2.83 % and 9.91 % in crop sown on 30 November and 15 December respectively. Yield and yield attributes were found to increase with increase in irrigation and nitrogen levels. The highest yield was achieved with 15 November sowing, IW: CPE ratio 1.0 and 120% RDN. The sensitivity of the validated CERES-wheat model to increase in temperature by 0.7, 1.2, 1.5 0C and CO2 concentration by 435, 460, 500 ppm, as projected for years 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively, revealed reduction in the wheat yield. The combination of 15 November sown crop, irrigation at IW:CPE ratio 1.0, and recommended dose of nitrogen showed resilience against increasing CO2 concentration and temperature rise.

Introduction: Daidzein, a secondary metabolite found in Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.), plays a pivotal role in various therapeutic applications, including its potential as an anticancer agent, particularly in estrogen-dependent breast cancer, along with anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, antioxidative, and neurogenerative effects. Daidzein's ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier enhances cognition, reduces aggression, and promotes locomotor activity. Its structural resemblance to estrogens positions it as a potential remedy for menopausal osteoporosis. Methodology: The methodology for the comprehensive review on Daidzein entailed a literature search utilising keywords such as ''Daidzein'' and various therapeutic activities, including “Antioxidant,” “Anti-inflammatory,” “Anticancer,” “Antiviral,” “Antiobesity,” “Antidiabetic,” “Nephrotoxicity,” “Cardiovascular,” “Neuroprotective,” “Osteoporosis,” “Menopausal Symptoms,” “Aging,” “Cognitive Activities”. Academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were employed for the search, considering articles published within the last 20 years to capture recent research while encompassing significant historical studies. Results: The results provide insights into the diverse effects of daidzein across various health domains, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antiobesity, antidiabetic, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, ageing, and cognitive activities. Discussion: : The discussion section critically analyses the collective evidence gathered from the studies. It explores the mechanisms underlying daidzein's therapeutic effects and discusses the implications of these findings for both Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern healthcare practices. However, challenges related to its low bioavailability and toxicity necessitate further research, providing a foundation for future studies on daidzein's potential applications.

Abstract In winter, the paddy residues become wet during morning and late evening due to dew, which restricts the operation of sowing machines (Happy Seeder and Super Seeder) into paddy residues, as wet residues do not slide on furrow openers/tines. A PAU Smart Seeder (PSS) was developed and evaluated for a four-wheel tractor that can sow wheat with optimum crop establishment in combined harvested rice fields. The PSS were evaluated for its performance under varying straw load, forward speed, and rotor speed in terms of fuel consumption, field capacity, seed emergence, and grain yield. The crop establishment and wheat yield of PSS was also compared with the existing straw management machines Happy Seeder (HS) and Super Seeder (SS) under heavy paddy residue conditions. The effect of the straw load was more pronounced on dependent variables than the effect of the speed index. PSS performance was best at a forward speed of 2.6 km h−1, rotor speed of 127.5 rpm, and a straw load of 6 t ha−1. Average fuel consumption using PSS was lower than SS but higher than HS. Wheat emergence was higher by 15.6 and 25.7% on the PSS plots compared to HS and SS, respectively. Average wheat grain yield in PSS plots was significantly higher by 12.7 and 18.9% than SS and HS, respectively in one experiment, while the grain yield was similar for both PSS and HS in other experiments. PSS has a novel mechanism to manage paddy straw and simultaneously sow wheat into a heavy straw load (> 8 t ha−1) mixture of anchored and loose straw. In conclusion, PSS showed promise for in-situ management of rice straw as it eliminates most of the operational problems encountered by the existing seeders (HS and SS).

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a major risk factor associated with adulthood incarceration. Most research into the link between pTBI and adulthood incarceration has focused on incarcerated males, who comprise the vast majority of incarcerated adults, particularly in industrialized nations. In this review, we sought to identify sex-related differences in the incidence and pathophysiology of pTBI and subsequent risk of adulthood incarceration. A scoping review was undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library. Articles analyzing sex-related differences in pTBI and adult incarceration rates, studies conducted on an incarcerated population, and cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses were included in this review. Of the 85 unique results, 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. Male children are 1.5 times more likely to suffer a TBI than females; however, the prevalence of incarcerated adults with a history of pTBI is ?35?45% for both sexes. Neurophysiologically, female sex hormones are implicated in neuroprotective roles, mitigating central nervous system (CNS) damage post-TBI, although this role may be more complex, given that injury severity and sequelae have been correlated with male sex whereas increased mortality has been correlated with female sex. Further investigation into the relationship between estrogen and subsequent clinical measurements of CNS function is needed to develop interventions that may alleviate the pathophysiological consequences of pTBI.

Abstract Melanocytic lesions involving the central nervous system are extremely rare and pose a diagnostic challenge owing melanoma being the third most common malignancy metastasizing to the spine. Morphology and immunohistochemistry are identical in both primary and secondary cases, and hence may not help in rendering a final diagnosis. Molecular alterations involving melanomas of the spine and melanomas elsewhere are distinct and help establish the appropriate diagnosis. We report an interesting case where molecular profiling of the tumor tissue helped render the final diagnosis.

A smart grid is a power network from generation to consumers and provides beneficial, steady, and safe electricity. It utilizes smart meters for billing, phasor measurement units to check the system's health., etc. As a result, it contains enormous volumes of real-time data that may be shared and stored by users, control centers, and services in a smart grid. It weakens the smart grid's communication networks. The size of the data in a smart grid will grow extremely in the future. As a result, it must reduce distortion in data compression and denoise while minimizing the demand on storage and communication networks. The goal of data compression and denoising should be to maximally conserve the useful data while accurately reflecting the state of the system and providing sufficient data regeneration at the receiving end. This paper has used lower-order different wavelets to represent a design to compress and reconstruct data at level three using wavelet Packet Transform. It works on the phasor measurement unit's current magnitude and voltage sag signals. • The proposed design has a better compression ratio. • Low reconstruction error. • This design is easy to access, systematic, profitable, and not time-consuming.

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important oilseed crop in India. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria blight) is incited by the fungus Alternaria brassicicola. It majorly affects crop production leading to a yield loss of up to 70%. To circumvent this problem, the study of the resistance mechanism and identification of biochemical markers is one of the important strategies for its management. In the present study, a total of 219 genotypes of Indian mustard with check were screened for Alternaria blight over two seasons. Based on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores, ten consistently performing genotypes were selected for the screening of biochemical and yield attributes under artificial inoculated conditions of Alternaria brassicicola (Berk) Sacc. The result showed a negative correlation between disease and yield attributes. The catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible ones, indicating the crucial role of CAT in the resistance mechanism. Pathogen infection also increases the total protein content and the Alternaria-resistant genotype showed the highest total soluble protein while the susceptible genotype showed the lowest total soluble protein. The ten genotypes were categorized by SSI (stress susceptibility index) and Varuna was identified as a tolerant genotype and Giriraj as a susceptible genotype for Alternaria brassicicola (Berk) Sacc. Varuna and Giriraj were chosen for quantitative analysis of methionine and tryptophan amino acids from seeds using RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and there were significant differences in the levels of methionine and tryptophan between the Varuna and Giriraj genotypes. Varuna showed higher methionine and tryptophan content compared to the Giriraj genotype. Higher protein content demonstrated an increase in biotic stress-responsive amino acids, such as methionine and tryptophan, suggesting increased resistance to Alternaria diseases in these high-protein genotypes. These amino acids could be used as biochemical markers for Alternaria resistance of mustard.

Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with ROS1 gene rearrangement have shown significant therapeutic responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, with approximately 40 fusion partners documented in the existing literature. Our report highlights a novel fusion partner of ROS1 that has demonstrated a conclusive response to the current standard of treatment.

Summary: Background: Given the rapidly growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asia, this study forecasts the CVD burden and associated risk factors in Asia from 2025 to 2050. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was used to construct regression models predicting prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to CVD and risk factors in Asia in the coming decades. Findings: Between 2025 and 2050, crude cardiovascular mortality is expected to rise 91.2% despite a 23.0% decrease in the age-standardised cardiovascular mortality rate (ASMR). Ischaemic heart disease (115 deaths per 100,000 population) and stroke (63 deaths per 100,000 population) will remain leading drivers of ASMR in 2050. Central Asia will have the highest ASMR (676 deaths per 100,000 population), more than three-fold that of Asia overall (186 deaths per 100,000 population), while high-income Asia sub-regions will incur an ASMR of 22 deaths per 100,000 in 2050. High systolic blood pressure will contribute the highest ASMR throughout Asia (105 deaths per 100,000 population), except in Central Asia where high fasting plasma glucose will dominate (546 deaths per 100,000 population). Interpretation: This forecast forewarns an almost doubling in crude cardiovascular mortality by 2050 in Asia, with marked heterogeneity across sub-regions. Atherosclerotic diseases will continue to dominate, while high systolic blood pressure will be the leading risk factor. Funding: This was supported by the NUHS Seed Fund (NUHSRO/2022/058/RO5+6/Seed-Mar/03), National Medical Research Council Research Training Fellowship (MH 095:003/008-303), National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme, NUHS Clinician Scientist Program (NCSP2.0/2024/NUHS/NCWS) and the CArdiovascular DiseasE National Collaborative Enterprise (CADENCE) National Clinical Translational Program (MOH-001277-01).

This study presents the design, fabrication, and experimental analysis of Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) plant with four effects (4+C system). A total of 15 experiments were conducted, systematically categorized based on feed water temperature. Baby fire tube boiler producing 25 kg/h steam were installed with plant for experimental study. The investigation focused on distillate output, Gain Output Ratio, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, and the cost of distillate. Investigation demonstrates a notable increase in distillate output and Gain Output Ratio as the feed water temperature increases. Furthermore, improvements in the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient with higher temperatures was observed. Notably, the cost of distillate decreased from $2.5/m³ to $1.5/m³ as the temperature increased. Findings suggest that 80 °C feed water temperature optimizes distillate output and Gain Output Ratio. Beyond this temperature, a decrease in distillate production occurs due to reduced latent heat of vaporization. The economic analysis reveals a trade-off between distillate output and cost, emphasizing the importance of optimizing feed water temperature. The inlet temperature was maintained at 115 ± 0.3 °C, while the boiler pressure remained at 5 bar. In the pilot plant configuration, MED system operating at 80 °C generated a daily water output of 438.93 L/day. The associated cost for producing fresh water was1.65 $/m3, and the system achieved a maximum Gain output ratio of 1.95.

Aims Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHT) provides short-term treatment for psychiatric patients in the place of residence, dealing with mental health crises, risks, deterioration, and preventing hospital admissions. This team works round the clock, seven days a week. This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of the service provided by the CRHT in Wolverhampton. Methods In a retrospective, observational, explorative study design, data was collected from the electronic medical records of 100 (54 female and 46 male) consecutive patients who were treated under the general adult (age range 18–65 years) CRHT from 1st December 2022. We collected outcome variables such as symptomatic improvement, change in risk status, days of treatment under CRHT, and discharge destination. Results In the sample, 76% had one psychiatric diagnosis, and co-morbidities were present in 20%, with 4% of patients having no syndromal diagnoses. The most common primary diagnosis was personality disorder (24%), followed by psychotic disorders (22%), anxiety disorders 21%, and depression (20%). Overall risk status of red changed from 87% at admission to 17%, at discharge; risk to self from 43% to 17% (p < 0.01), risk to others from 11% to 1% (p < 0.01), respectively. The mean length under care of CRHT was highest with anxiety disorder (27.7 ± 18.2 days), followed by personality disorders 23.7 ± 17.9 days. Age and number of days under CRHT were negatively correlated, suggesting younger age was linked to higher number of days (p < 0.05). Most (71%) patients showed an improvement in their mental health, 15% deteriorated and got admitted to the psychiatric hospital, 9% did not engage and 5% were considered not suitable for care under CRHT for various reasons such as having no fixed abode. Most (80%) patients were discharged back to the community following the CRHT period. Conclusion Despite the limitation of subjective clinical assessments, the results suggested that the CRHT was effective in considerable proportions of patients with symptomatic improvement and a decrease in risk level, with a small proportion being admitted to a psychiatric ward. There is a need for objective evaluation of risk and symptomatic change using validated instruments and assessing patient experiences about the services.

Elevated lipoprotein(a) is a genetically transmitted codominant trait that is an independent risk driver for cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein(a) concentration is heavily influenced by genetic factors, including LPA kringle IV‐2 domain size, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and interleukin‐1 genotypes. Apolipoprotein(a) is encoded by the LPA gene and contains 10 subtypes with a variable number of copies of kringle ‐2, resulting in >40 different apolipoprotein(a) isoform sizes. Genetic loci beyond LPA, such as APOE and APOH, have been shown to impact lipoprotein(a) levels. Lipoprotein(a) concentrations are generally 5% to 10% higher in women than men, and there is up to a 3‐fold difference in median lipoprotein(a) concentrations between racial and ethnic populations. Nongenetic factors, including menopause, diet, and renal function, may also impact lipoprotein(a) concentration. Lipoprotein(a) levels are also influenced by inflammation since the LPA promoter contains an interleukin‐6 response element; interleukin‐6 released during the inflammatory response results in transient increases in plasma lipoprotein(a) levels. Screening can identify elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and facilitate intensive risk factor management. Several investigational, RNA‐targeted agents have shown promising lipoprotein(a)‐lowering effects in clinical studies, and large‐scale lipoprotein(a) testing will be fundamental to identifying eligible patients should these agents become available. Lipoprotein(a) testing requires routine, nonfasting blood draws, making it convenient for patients. Herein, we discuss the genetic determinants of lipoprotein(a) levels, explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease, and provide practical guidance for lipoprotein(a) testing.

Objective: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic and prothrombotic lipoprotein associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We assessed the association between regular aspirin use and ASCVD mortality among individuals with versus without elevated Lp(a) in a nationally representative US cohort. Methods: Eligible participants were aged 40–70 years without clinical ASCVD, reported on aspirin use, and had Lp(a) measurements from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994), the only cycle of this nationally representative US cohort to measure Lp(a). Regular aspirin use was defined as taking aspirin ≥30 times in the previous month. Using NHANES III linked mortality records and weighted Cox proportional hazards regression, the association between regular aspirin use and ASCVD mortality was observed in those with and without elevated Lp(a) (≥50 versus

Objective: Current guidelines for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) recommend targeting a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of < 70 mg/dL. However, temporal trends and racial/ethnic- and sex-differences in achievement of LDL-C targets are not well described. We assessed trends and racial/ethnic- and sex-differences in achievement of LDL-C < 70 mg/dL using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008 to 2017-March 2020. Methods: We combined NHANES cycles into 4 periods: 2005–2008, 2009–2012, 2013–2016, and 2017-March 2020 and included participants ≥ 40 years with self-reported ASCVD. We estimated LDL-C < 70 mg/dL prevalence over time and further stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for social determinants of health and clinical covariates to model LDL-C target attainment. Results: Among 1,826 NHANES participants representing 7,161,221 US adults with self-reported ASCVD (59.6% ≥ 65 years, 56.4% male, 74.8% White), LDL-C target attainment increased from 19.0% (95% CI, 15.3%-23.3%) in 2005–2008 to 26.3% (95% CI, 20.4%-33.1%) in 2017-March 2020 (P = 0.012 for trend). Achievement of LDL-C < 70 mg/dL significantly rose among men from19.5% (95% CI, 15.1%-24.8%) to 29.4% (95% CI, 20.7%-29.9%) without significant change in women (from 18.3% [95% CI, 13.6%-24.2%] to 22.5% [95% CI, 13.0%-35.9%]; P = 0.241 for trend). Improvement in LDL-C target attainment was similar among White, Black, and Hispanic individuals (∼5–7% increase) and was greatest among individuals of other (non-White, Hispanic, or Black) race/ethnicity (23.1% increase). In our multivariable analysis, comorbid diabetes and ages 65–75 and > 75 years were associated with LDL-C target attainment. Conclusion: LDL-C control modestly improved between 2005 and 2008 and 2017-March 2020; however, only ∼1/4 of individuals met guideline-directed LDL-C treatment targets by 2017-March 2020. Women had lower LDL-C control and lesser magnitude of improvement in LDL-C control than men, highlighting a need for targeted interventions to improve lipid-lowering therapy utilization in this population.

Distinguishing T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL) from thymomas (especially B1 or B2 type) can be challenging particularly in limited trucut biopsy material where appreciating architecture is difficult or the background epithelial component does not provide tangible evidence for definite diagnosis. As a pathologist, it is important to accurately diagnose these neoplasms because they have entirely distinct management protocols. Recent studies have reported that LIM Domain Only 2 (LMO2) is expressed in neoplastic lymphoblasts of T-ALL/T-LBL and is absent in thymocytes of normal thymuses or thymomas. An observational study was done to test the sensitivity and specificity of LMO2 in differentiating neoplastic lymphoblasts from thymocytes of thymomas/normal thymuses. Our study showed that LMO2 had sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100% in diagnosing LBL. None of the thymomas (B1 or B2 type) showed expression of LMO2 in the neoplastic cells. LMO2 is a reliable marker of transformed T-cell precursors and should be routinely included in immunohistochemical panel when evaluating thymic/mediastinal neoplasms.

Background and Aims: There is paucity of studies on preoperative risk assessment tools in patients undergoing emergency surgery. The present study evaluated the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) surgical risk calculator and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) classification system in patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy. Methods: This retrospective study included 60 adult patients who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy for perforation peritonitis. The clinical details, ASA PS classification, laboratory investigations and postoperative course of patients were retrieved from their medical records. Based on these details, APACHE II and ACS-NSQIP were calculated for the patients. The study's primary outcome was the accuracy of the preoperative APACHE II, ACS-NSQIP risk calculator and ASA PS class in predicting the postoperative 30-day mortality of patients. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of APACHE II, ACS-NSQIP score, and ASA PS classification for mortality 30 days after surgery was 0.737, 0.694 and 0.601, respectively. The P value for the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H–L) test of scoring systems was 0.05, 0.25 and 0.05, respectively. AUC for postoperative complications was 0.799 for APACHE II, 0.683 for ACS-NSQIP and 0.601 for ASA PS classification. H–L test of these scoring systems for complications after surgery revealed P values of 0.62, 0.36 and 0.53, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to the ACS-NSQIP and ASA PS classification system, the APACHE II score has a better discriminative ability for postoperative complications and mortality in adult patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy.

Abstract Plasma metabolomics profiling is an emerging methodology to identify metabolic pathways underlying cardiovascular health (CVH). The objective of this study was to define metabolomic profiles underlying CVH in a cohort of Black adults, a population that is understudied but suffers from disparate levels of CVD risk factors. The Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular (MECA) Center for Health Equity study cohort consisted of 375 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 39% male) without known CVD. CVH was determined by the AHA Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) score, calculated from measured blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol, and self-reported physical activity, diet, and smoking. Plasma metabolites were assessed using untargeted high-resolution metabolomics profiling. A metabolome wide association study (MWAS) identified metabolites associated with LS7 score after adjusting for age and sex. Using Mummichog software, metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched in metabolites associated with LS7 score were identified. Metabolites representative of these pathways were compared across clinical domains of LS7 score and then developed into a metabolomics risk score for prediction of CVH. We identified novel metabolomic signatures and pathways associated with CVH in a cohort of Black adults without known CVD. Representative and highly prevalent metabolites from these pathways included glutamine, glutamate, urate, tyrosine and alanine, the concentrations of which varied with BMI, fasting glucose, and blood pressure levels. When assessed in conjunction, these metabolites were independent predictors of CVH. One SD increase in the novel metabolomics risk score was associated with a 0.88 higher LS7 score, which translates to a 10.4% lower incident CVD risk. We identified novel metabolomic signatures of ideal CVH in a cohort of Black Americans, showing that a core group of metabolites central to nitrogen balance, bioenergetics, gluconeogenesis, and nucleotide synthesis were associated with CVH in this population.