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This research attempts to measure the direct and moderated influence of entrepreneurial passion (EP), motivation (EM) and creativity (EC) on intention (EI) while being moderated by entrepreneurship education (EE). This study also instrumentalizes the conditional interaction effect of fear of failure on the moderated paths. A data sample of 1090 business students from five Indian universities was subjected to screening and cleaning before establishing the measurement model and testing the hypotheses using structural equation modelling and Process Macro. EP, EM and EC were found to affect EI directly, while EE also moderated these links. Fear of failure was also found to be conditioning the moderated paths such that the positive moderation effect of EE on direct paths between EP, EM, EC and EI was stronger when students perceived no fear of failure. The study advances the existing literature on the moderating role of entrepreneurship education by recognizing the conditional interaction effect (moderated-moderation) of fear of failure on the moderating effects of entrepreneurship education. The authors also provide valuable suggestions for practice.

This study assesses the impact of different psychological and contextual factors on entrepreneurial motivations and the role of entrepreneurial motivations in determining the entrepreneurial intention of students at Indian universities. The paper also explores whether gender acts as a moderator in the entrepreneurial motivation-intention relationship. Cross-sectional data were collected by administering a questionnaire to 329 students who had received entrepreneurship education during their course program. A confirmatory factor analysis model was run to ensure the model's fitness, reliability, and validity, while structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The study validates the following key findings. First, the psychological factors of perceived cultural support and entrepreneurship education foster entrepreneurial motivations, which help determine students' entrepreneurial intention, whereas fear of failure negatively affects students' entrepreneurial motivations. Second, the contextual factors of government support policies and access to entrepreneurial finance do not influence entrepreneurial motivations. Third, entrepreneurial motivations significantly enhance the entrepreneurial intention of students. Fourth, gender negatively moderates the entrepreneurial motivation-intention relationship. The study contributes to the literature on the entrepreneurial motivation-intention relationship using psychological and contextual factors and also explores the interaction effect of gender on that relationship.

The concept of bounded set within this set or space is given by many authors. A bornology is defined on soft set to solve the problems of boundedness for the soft set. Also, we construct soft base and soft subbase as a part of fundamental construction for bornological soft sets. Furthermore, It is a natural to study fundamental construction for bornological soft sets, such as soft subspace, product soft bornology and soft bornological isomorphism. Additionally, a family of bornological soft sets can be a partial ordered set by partial ordered relation and we prove that the intersection of bornological soft sets is bornological soft sets but the union of bornological soft sets is not necessary to be bornological soft sets. The left-right translation is soft bornological isomorphism and the product of bornological soft sets are bornological soft sets. Finally, generate soft bornological structure whose elements are soft unbounded sets.

Foremost objective of this manuscript is to empirically testify the direct and indirect influence of EM and IEO on EI through the mediation of EE while conditioning the indirect effect with the moderation of entrepreneurial inclination. The measurement model; model fitness, convergence and divergence were assessed through CFA, whereas hypotheses were tested using SEM and PROCESS Macro for SPSS. EM and IEO were found influencing EI directly and indirectly through EE. Conditional indirect effects of EM and IEO on EI were found most positive for entrepreneurially inclined students. The findings of the study provide valuable suggestive measures for implementation by universities while designing and conducting entrepreneurship training and education program.

The present manuscript cognizes and empirically testifies the role of entrepreneurial education and opportunity recognition in determine entrepreneurial intention through the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The moderating role of entrepreneurial attitude has also been tested on the relationship between entrepreneurial education, opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected from 663 students of three different universities in India using the convenience sampling technique. The results from the analysis revealed that entrepreneurial education, opportunity recognition not only influence entrepreneurial intention directly but also influence indirectly through the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Furthermore, results also unearthed that entrepreneurial attitude moderates the relationship between opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial education, and entrepreneurial intention.

This paper examines the direct and indirect roles of individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship education in determining students' entrepreneurial intention through the mediation of entrepreneurial motivations. The study also attempts to ascertain the influence of entrepreneurship education on individual entrepreneurial orientation. Cross-sectional data were collected from 323 university students using the convenience sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the model fitness and the reliability and validity of the data while hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The findings affirm that entrepreneurship education facilitates both individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial motivations and also has a positive association with entrepreneurial intention. More importantly, entrepreneurial motivations significantly mediate individual 'entrepreneurial orientation--entrepreneurial intention' and 'entrepreneurship education--entrepreneurial intention' relationships. The findings provide practical support for the framing of new educational policies to assist students in their existing and future entrepreneurial projects. The study contributes to the literature by recognizing the mediating effect of entrepreneurial motivations on the above relationships. It also adds to the scarce literature on the lately recognized individual entrepreneurial orientation construct.

Current desensitization and maintenance immunosuppression regimens for kidney transplantation in sensitized individuals show limited ability to control the posttransplant humoral response, resulting in high rates of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and graft failure. Here, we showed that anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb)–based immunosuppression more effectively controlled allograft rejection and humoral rebound in a highly sensitized nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model compared with tacrolimus-based standard-of-care (SOC) immunosuppression. Desensitization with an anti-CD154 mAb (5C8) and a proteasome inhibitor led to decreased donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and disruption of lymph node germinal centers with reduction of proliferating, memory, and class-switched B cells as well as T follicular helper cells. After transplant, the nonhuman primates maintained on 5C8-based immunosuppression had significantly better survival compared with those maintained on SOC immunosuppression (135.2 days versus 32.8 days, P = 0.013). The 5C8-treated group demonstrated better suppression of DSAs after transplant, more robust suppression of B cell populations, and better induction of regulatory T cells. Fewer infectious and welfare complications, including viral reactivation and weight loss, were also observed with 5C8-based immunosuppression compared with SOC immunosuppression. Therefore, anti-CD154 mAbs may improve kidney transplant outcomes through better control of posttransplant immune responses. The superior efficacy of anti-CD154 mAb–based immunosuppression over tacrolimus-based SOC seen in this highly sensitized NHP transplant model suggests that anti-CD154 mAbs could potentially be used to desensitize and treat highly sensitized patients receiving kidney transplantation. Editor's summary: Highly sensitized patients who undergo human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–incompatible kidney transplantation experience increased rates of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and graft failure, and effective desensitization and treatment regimens are lacking. Here, Anwar and colleagues showed that anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb)–based desensitization reduced circulating donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), as well as T follicular helper cells and proliferating and class-switched B cells, in a highly sensitized nonhuman primate (NHP) kidney transplantation model. After transplantation, anti-CD154 mAb–based maintenance immunosuppression resulted in sustained suppression of B cell responses and induction of regulatory T cells, resulting in reduced circulating DSAs and markedly increased graft survival and reduced ABMR over tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. These findings support the further evaluation of anti-CD154 mAb–based regimens for desensitization and treatment of highly sensitized patients undergoing kidney transplantation. —Melissa L. Norton [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students. This paper also examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education and gender on the opportunity recognition-intention and self-efficacy--intention relationships. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected through a comprehensive questionnaire from 334 students having business and management background. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to ensure the reliability and validity of all the constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings: This study unveils three important findings. First, opportunity recognition and self-efficacy both show a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial intention of students. Second, education positively moderates "self-efficacy--intention relationship", and third, gender negatively moderates "opportunity recognition-intention" and "self-efficacy--intention" relationships. Research limitations/implications: This study has been carried out using a sample of students from only one university, and the study included only business and management background students. Similar studies can be conducted by adding more motivational and contextual factors with an increased sample size of students having different educational backgrounds. Practical implications: This study provides pragmatic support to formulate new educational initiatives that can support students in their present or future entrepreneurial projects. Originality/value: This study adds to the scarce literature on opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial intention and also highlights the moderating role of entrepreneurship education and gender on opportunity recognition-intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy--intention relationships.

Background and Objectives: Breast lumps can be diagnosed in a short time by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Moreover, being cost effective, it is rendered the first choice by surgeons and patients.This study was carried out to outline the spectrum of breast lesions on FNAC in patients presenting with breast lumps in two tertiary care teaching hospitals of Punjab.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from January, 2018 to October, 2019.Hundred cases of lumps in breast were taken from Sahara Medical College and Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal and Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Cytological diagnosis was made and correlated clinically and histologically. Data analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 and expressed as frequency and percentages.Results: Majority (58%) of cases were Class-2 smears on cytology while 11% were malignant andbelonged to Class-5. Among the benign lumps, fibroadenoma was the most common (55.1%) followed by fibrocystic disease (17.2%) and acute mastitis (12%). Thirty-one cases were in grey zone i.e. Class-3 smears showing atypia and Class-4 smears that were suspicious of malignancy.Conclusion: By screening patients with lumps in breast, early and effective management can be made possible. Class 3 and 4 smears should be confirmed with excision and biopsy of the lump for conclusive diagnosis.

Xenotransplantation is a potential option for individuals for whom an acceptable human allograft is unavailable. Individuals with broadly reactive HLA antibodies due to prior exposure to foreign HLA are potential candidates for a clinical xenotransplant trial. It remains controversial if allosensitisation results in the development of cross‐reactive antibodies against SLA. This may require increased histocompatibility scrutiny for highly sensitised individuals prior to enrollment in a clinical trial. Serum samples were obtained from non‐human primates sensitised via serial skin transplantation from maximally MHC‐mismatched donor, as reported. Sera from pre‐ and post‐allosensitisation timepoints were assessed in a flow crossmatch (FXM) for IgM and IgG binding to pig splenocytes with or without red blood cell adsorption. Xenoreactive antibodies were eluted from pig splenocytes and screened on a single antigen HLA bead assay. A MHC Matchmaker algorithm was developed to predict potential conserved amino acid motifs among the pig, NHP, and human. Our sensitised NHP model was used to demonstrate that allosensitisation does not result in an appreciable difference in xenoreactive antibody binding in a cell‐based FXM. However, antibody elution and screening on single antigen HLA beads suggest the existence of potential cross‐reactive antibodies against SLA. The cross‐reactive IgG after allosensitisation were predicted by comparing the recipient Mamu alleles against its previous allograft donor Mamu alleles and the donor pig SLA alleles. Our study suggests that allosensitisation could elevate cross‐reactive antibodies, but a more sensitive assay than a cell‐based FXM is required to detect them. The MHC Matchmaker algorithm was developed as a potential tool to help determine amino acid motif conservation and reactivity pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the distribution of ESBL producing capacity among different Gram negative isolates along with specimen and department wise prevalence in a tertiary care hospital. METHODOLGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Microbiology section of Pathology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, from August 2016 to January 2017. Total of 437 clinical samples were collected from different wards of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Sample was cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey’s agar, chocolate agar, CLED agar. After the identification every Gram negative isolate was further processed for the antibiotic susceptibility testing following Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL detection was performed by the combination drugs disc method using ceftriaxone + clavulanic acid (30/10 µg) in case of Enterobacteriacae, ceftazidime + clavulanic acid (30/10µg) in case of Pseudomonas species. RESULTS: Among total 437 patients male and female were 61% and 39% respectively, overall 21.5% (94/437) were ESBl producers. Distribution of ESBL producers was as followed Acinetobacter spp 22.3% (31/139), Escherichia coli 37.5% (27/72), Klebsiella spp 31.9% (15/47), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8.4% (13/154) and Proteus spp 32.0% (8/25). Department wise ESBL positivity was as followed Surgical units 25.6% (32/125) Medical unit 31.9% (30/94), Burn centre 10% (8/80), ICU 20% (8/40) Surgical Allied 11.7% (4/34), Medical Allied 6.2% (2/32), Neurology 36.3% (8/22), Gynaecology 28.5% (2/7) and Dermatology 33.3% (1/3). CONCLUSION: High percentage of ESBL positivity seen in Escherichia coli and Proteus spp, among departments neurology and medical unit is holding maximum positivity. High frequency of ESBL producing Gram negative isolates strongly recommend its detection and management accordingly. It can lead to treatment failures in Gram negative rods associated infections.

Objective: To evaluate the burden of carbapenemases producers among carbapenem-resistant isolates. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This cross-sectional study was conducted at microbiology lab, Pathology department, Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, from Jul 2016 to Apr 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 12126 clinical specimens were enrolled through a non-probability/consecutive sampling technique, every sample was processed for bacterial culture, identification was done on the basis of colonial morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical profile. All those isolates that were Gram-negative rods, were processed for carbapenemases detection by Modified Hodge test (MHT) in accordance with CLSI 2016. Results: Out of total n=12126 samples, culture positive were 35.9% (n=4361) of which 40.5% (n=1770) were Gram-negative rods, among these 9.6% (n=170) were carbapenem-resistant isolates of which 50% (n=85) were carbapanamases producers (MHT positive). Organisms wise carbapenem resistance was detected in Acineto- bacter species 44.%, Pseudomonas species 34%, E.coli 7%, Klebsiella species 8%, Proteus species 3%, Citrobacter species 1%, Enterobacter species 0.7% Among these isolates MHT positivity was as followed Acinetobacter species were 53%, Pseudomonas species 51%, E.coli 36%, Klebsiella species 50%, Proteus species 20%, Citrobacter species 66%, Enterobacter species 50%, department wise distribution of carbapenemases producer showed that among total sample received from surgical units 51.4%, ICU 65.3% medical units 43.5%, pediatric ward 71.4%, orthopedic 11.1% neurosurgery 20%, other wards 55.1% were MHT positive. The almost similar resistant pattern was observed in MHT positive and negative isolates. Conclusion: Emergence of carbapenem resistance is an alarming situation in clinical settings.resu

Objective: To evaluate contamination of mobile phones from healthcare workers with nosocomial pathogens. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, from Jul 2016 to Feb 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 257 culture swabs were collected from the mobile phones of HCWs of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, every samples was processed for bacterial culture following standard protocols. Organisms were identified by colonial morphology, gram staining, and with the help of API 20NE and API 20E. Results: Out of 257 mobile phones, 66% (n=169) were contaminated with any 01/>01 bacteria. Most prominent pathogen isolated was coagulase negative staphyloccoi (CoNS) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 34.8% and 24% respectively. Other microorganisms identified, were Acinetobacter species (12.6%) n=29, Bacillus species 10.4% (n=24), Enterococcus species 4.8% (n=11), Escherichia coli 3.5% (n=8), Micrococcus species 3.5% (n=8), Diphtheroids 2.5% (n=5) Klebsiella species 1.7% (n=4), Aspergillus species 1.7% (n=4) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.0% (n=2.0). Out of 55 Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 36.0% (n=20) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were 64.0% (n=35). Conclusion: In the hospital setting mobile phones should be regularly decontaminated. Moreover, utmost emphasis needs to be paid to hand washing practices among HCWs.