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Background: Changes in the anatomical structures and function of the ear can result in ear diseases, and may affect all age groups including the elderly as a result of aging Objective: To identify the frequency and types of ear diseases among the elderly attending Abdullah bin Abdul- Aziz bin Musa'ed Al Saud hospital, Arar city, in the Northern Province of KSA, and factors associated with ear infections among them. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from December 2016 through May 2017 included 138 elderly participants. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data about socio-demographic variables, the frequency and types of ear diseases among participants, and factors associated with ear infections among them. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15, using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test. Results: Findings showed that 49.3% of the participants were suffering from ear disease. Hearing impairment was detected in 37% of the elderly people studied. In addition, 9.4% and 2.9 % of the participants suffered from otitis media and otitis interna, respectively. None of the studied factors had a significant effect on the development and pattern of ear infection among the studied population. Conclusion: Ear diseases were found among the participants with variable rates. More than one third of respondents suffered from hearing impairment. Ear infections were detected in lower rates. Although these problems are not life threating, they negatively impact the quality of life, and measures are needed for prevention and control.

In this era of the commercialization of sports, various sports leagues are organized across the globe. At the end of the Series, players are awarded for their performances. These awards are decided by human experts or are based on just one performance indicator. However, human decisions are subjective and error-prone, and decisions based on just one criterion are incomplete and inconsistent. This paper identifies the decision-making problem in sports. It proposes a Neutrosophic TOPSIS approach for performance evaluation and recommendation of the best batsman and bowler of the Series. The approach is well-structured, robust, and efficient in handling vagueness, inconsistency, indeterminacy, and imprecision in real-life problems. We present a case study using the data of IPL 2021. In the case study, we calculate the ranks of the players using neutrosophic TOPSIS with two objective weight calculation methods. Then we evaluate and compare the obtained rank lists using Kendal Tau (τ). The values of τ for bowling-ranked lists is 0.83 and for battingranked lists is 0.72, which are impressive and prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. We believe that the proposed approach can be applied to identify and recommend the best resources in other domains of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Comorbidity between substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders has been excessively documented in adults while rarely been investigated in adolescents. Aim The study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Patients and methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 adolescent patients aged 13–19 with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Data were collected using comprehensive psychiatric history, MiniInternational Neuropsychiatric Interview, complete physical and neurological examination, and urine toxicology screen. Results Most of the study-sample participants were polysubstance abusers (89.1%). Cannabis was the commonest substance abused (90.8%). More than half of the patients (53.3%) had psychiatric comorbidity with onset before the abuse of the substance, 27.5% had psychiatric comorbidity after abusing the substance, and 19.2% had no psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent disorder (40.8%) amongthe patients, followed by conduct disorder (38.3%). Conclusion Depression and conduct disorder are the most common psychiatric disorders among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tramway system is the issue of this research project. Tramway can be defined as a system of transport used wholly or mainly for the carriage of passengers, which employs parallel rails that provide support and guidance for vehicles carried on flanged wheels, and has been designed to have a significant element which operates on line-of-sight on a highway.The main objective of this research project is focused on the determination of the best route for proposed tramway into Ramadi city. It also focuses on the other important design considerations. Origin-destination stations and four proposed routes have been selected based on navigation, surveying, and specifications by using GPS device, total station device, Civil 3D program and GIS software. Six main criteria with their sub criteria have been chosen, which are: accessibility, safety, economic, environment, population density and trips, and security. A comparative form for these criteria has been designed to facilitate the comparison process to select the best proposal among the four proposals.Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method has been used to evaluate the proposals. The results of the analysis explained that the proposal1 is the best alternative among four alternatives to be an acceptable tramway route at Ramadi city.

Introduction Comorbidity between substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders has been excessively documented in adults while rarely been investigated in adolescents. Aim The study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Patients and methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 adolescent patients aged 13–19 with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Data were collected using comprehensive psychiatric history, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, complete physical and neurological examination, and urine toxicology screen. Results Most of the study-sample participants were polysubstance abusers (89.1%). Cannabis was the commonest substance abused (90.8%). More than half of the patients (53.3%) had psychiatric comorbidity with onset before the abuse of the substance, 27.5% had psychiatric comorbidity after abusing the substance, and 19.2% had no psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent disorder (40.8%) among the patients, followed by conduct disorder (38.3%). Conclusion Depression and conduct disorder are the most common psychiatric disorders among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]