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Lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery. A lithium-ion battery consists of several components, such as electrodes (anode and cathode), separators, and electrolytes. One factor that can affect a battery's performance is the quality of the electrodes. The commonly used anode consists of graphite powder. Currently, there is nanotechnology, namely the application of technology to make materials on the nanoscale (1-100 nm). The advantage of nanoparticle technology is its openness to be combined with other technologies, opening up opportunities to produce more perfect delivery systems. In this research, the production of lithium-ion batteries was carried out by adding nanoparticles as an anode. The nanoparticles used result from arc discharge synthesis with varying currents of 40A and 70A. The test results show that current variations in the arc-discharge synthesis process in the manufacture of lithium-ion battery anode nanoparticles affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Batteries using 70A nanoparticle anodes have a higher specific capacity than batteries using 40A nanoparticle anodes during chargedischarge. However, the specific capacity of the battery with nanoparticle anode is lower than that of the battery with graphite anode. When charging, the time needed for a battery that uses a 70A nanoparticle anode is shorter than a battery that uses a graphite anode and 40A nanoparticles. When discharging a battery that uses a 40A nanoparticle anode has a shorter time compared to a battery that uses a 70A nanoparticle and graphite anode.

The study focuses on optimizing standalone PV-battery systems for LED street lighting in Magetan Regency, Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of PV panels and lithium battery selection for energy efficiency. Minimizing energy not captured leads to effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly street lighting, reducing energy waste and promoting a greener urban environment. The optimization process involves choosing the appropriate PV panel size, battery capacity, and solar charge controller to maximize energy capture while meeting load requirements and design constraints. Solar resource assessment using PVGIS ensures system feasibility analysis. Simulation results reveal optimized PV panel peak power (200 Wp), battery capacity (1002 Wh), and a 16.67A MPPT solar charge controller. The average energy not captured is 144.21 Wh per month, showcasing the system’s efficiency. The discussion emphasizes the significance of this optimized configuration in enhancing energy capture and storage capacity, resulting in reliable and eco-friendly street lighting solutions.

In situ direct formation of titanium carbide (TiC) was realized via tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc surface cladding using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphite powders, and the obtained TiC was used for coating structural steel (SS 400). The TIG cladding method was used to directly synthesize TiC by the carbothermal reduction reaction between the raw materials, namely, TiO2, and carbon. The applied shielding gas and electrical current were varied to obtain their optimal combination that has the best effect on the crystallinity of TiC. The optimal result was achieved when the TIG cladding process was performed with an electrical current of 70 A using argon gas shielding. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis showed that TiC was formed through the TIG cladding process, indicated by the prominent peaks at 2θ values of approximately 35.97° and 41.82°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of the coated substrate indicated the differences between the morphologies of the TiC-coated and uncoated metal substrate. The microscopic imaging result indicated that the TiC-coated substrate has a smoother surface contour than the untreated metal substrate. Microhardness characterization indicated that the TiC-coated substrate had higher microhardness than the untreated substrate. Furthermore, the proposed technique was shown to have the potential for direct deposition of TiC on a metal substrate to protect the substrate from corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Silicon field-effect transistors have now reached gate lengths of only a few tens of nanometers, containing a countable number of dopants in the channel. Such technological trend brought us to a research stage on devices working with one or a few dopant atoms. In this work, we review our most recent studies on key atom devices with fundamental structures of silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs, such as single-dopant transistors, preliminary memory devices, single-electron turnstile devices and photonic devices, in which electron tunneling mediated by single dopant atoms is the essential transport mechanism. Furthermore, observation of individual dopant potential in the channel by Kelvin probe force microscopy is also presented. These results may pave the way for the development of a new device technology, i.e., single-dopant atom electronics.