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5. No Association Between AGT Gene Polymorphisms with Hypertension in a South African Population

Author

Sharma,Jyoti, Fokkens,Hannah, Laubscher,Ria, Apalata,Teke, Nomatshila,Sibusiso, Alomatu,Samuel, Strijdom,Hans, Johnson,Rabia, Sharma,Jyoti, Fokkens,Hannah, Laubscher,Ria, Apalata,Teke, Nomatshila,Sibusiso, Alomatu,Samuel, Strijdom,Hans, and Johnson,Rabia

Abstract

Jyoti Rajan Sharma,1,* Hannah Fokkens,1,2,* Ria Laubscher,3 Teke Ruffin Apalata,4 Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila,5 Samuel Yao Alomatu,6 Hans Strijdom,2 Rabia Johnson1,2 1Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; 2Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; 3Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; 4Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha, South Africa; 5Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Nelson Mandela Central Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rabia Johnson, Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa, Email rabia.johnson@mrc.ac.zaPurpose: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate in both middle- and low-income countries. Various environmental and genetic factors have been attributed to play a significant role in the increasing prevalence of hypertension. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are reported to have a significant association with hypertension; however, there are limited studies done on South African populations. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to investigate the association between AGT SNPs (rs2004776, rs3789678, rs5051 and rs7079) with hypertension in a study population of isiXhosa-speaking participants from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa.Materials

Published
2024

11. No Association Between AGT Gene Polymorphisms with Hypertension in a South African Population.

Author

Sharma, Jyoti Rajan, Fokkens, Hannah, Laubscher, Ria, Apalata, Teke Ruffin, Nomatshila, Sibusiso Cyprian, Alomatu, Samuel Yao, Strijdom, Hans, and Johnson, Rabia

Subjects
SOUTH Africans, GENETIC polymorphisms, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, HYPERTENSION, LOW-income countries
Abstract

Purpose: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate in both middle- and low-income countries. Various environmental and genetic factors have been attributed to play a significant role in the increasing prevalence of hypertension. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are reported to have a significant association with hypertension; however, there are limited studies done on South African populations. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to investigate the association between AGT SNPs (rs2004776, rs3789678, rs5051 and rs7079) with hypertension in a study population of isiXhosa-speaking participants from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Materials and Methods: The SNPs were genotyped in 250 hypertensive cases and 237 normotensive controls, using TaqMan genotyping assays. Results: For the SNP rs2004776, the frequency of CC genotype (18.4%) and C allele (44%) in hypertensive cases showed no significant differences (p = 0.52, χ 2 = 1.32), when compared to the normotensive control group (CC: 19.8% and C allele: 43%). Similar results were obtained for the genotypic and allelic frequencies between hypertensive cases and normotensive controls for rs3789678 (p = 0.88, χ 2=0.26) and rs5051 (p = 0.57, χ 2=1.12), and rs7079 (p = 0.33, χ 2=2.23). These findings demonstrate that there were no significant associations between the SNPs rs2004776, rs3789678, rs7079, rs5051 with hypertension in our study population. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AGT gene polymorphisms are not associated with the development of hypertension in the studied population. The present study represents the first genetic report to investigate the AGT gene polymorphisms with hypertension in an isiXhosa-speaking South African population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Multi Drug Resistant and Heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Variants from Patients in Rural Areas in Eastern Cape

Author

Faye, Lindiwe M., primary, Hosu, Mojisola C., additional, Mbiza, Yanga, additional, Lubuzo, Nomzi, additional, Sineke, Ncomeka, additional, Gumede, Thulani Knowledge, additional, Bokop, Carine, additional, Ifaedi, Bonnie, additional, Dlatu, Ntandazo, additional, Vasaikar, Sandeep, additional, and Apalata, Teke, additional

Published
2023
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21. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae in Two Reference Hospitals of Yaoundé: An Overview before and during COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Author

Djuikoue, Cecile Ingrid, primary, Yamdeu Djonkouh, Willy, additional, Epie Bekolo, Cavin, additional, Kamga Wouambo, Rodrigue, additional, Carrel Founou, Raspail, additional, Djouela Djoulako, Paule Dana, additional, Tonfak Temgoua, Gilder, additional, Pokam, Benjamin D. Thumamo, additional, Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas, additional, and Apalata, Teke R., additional

Published
2023
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25. Epidemiology of the Acceptance of Anti COVID-19 Vaccine in Urban and Rural Settings in Cameroon

Author

Djuikoue, Cecile Ingrid, primary, Kamga Wouambo, Rodrigue, additional, Pahane, Majeste Mbiada, additional, Demanou Fenkeng, Blaise, additional, Seugnou Nana, Cedric, additional, Djamfa Nzenya, Joelle, additional, Fotso Kamgne, Flore, additional, Ngalani Toutcho, Cedric, additional, Thumamo Pokam, Benjamin D., additional, and Apalata, Teke, additional

Published
2023
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27. Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumanii Isolates in Four Health Facilities in Cameroon

Author

Djuikoue, Cécile Ingrid, Nadjia, Benhamed, DJOUELA DJOULAKO, Paule Dana, Guegang, Celianthe, Nana, Cedric Seugnou, Wouambo, Rodrigue Kamga, Possi, Christiane Kiyang, Njanjo, Hélène Valérie Same, Kombeu, Yemina Grace, Talokou, Merimé Joel Tchinda, Thumamo Pokam, Benjamin D., and Apalata, Teke

Subjects
microbiology
Abstract

Carbapenems have long been considered as treatment of choice for Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) infections, and today the clinical utility of this class is threatened by the emergence and spread of resistance favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii, nosocomial infection agent, tops the list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, considered to be the most risky for humans. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains producing carbapenemases in four health facilities in the Center and Littoral regions of Cameroon and the associated risk factors. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January to June 2022. All Acinetobacter baumanii or suspected strains isolated from pathological samples at the bacteriology laboratory of different health facilities were systematically collected and underwent a re-identification. After successfully subculturing and growing on nutrient agar, re-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK 2 System and the Kirby-Bauer method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. A total of 168/226 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed after re-identification of which 52.69% came from male patients, and 55.09% from participants aged between 10-39 years old and 46.71% from pus samples. A very high resistance rates to all families of antibiotics was noted except to colistin (10.2%). About 40.12% of these strains produced carbapenemases with 62.69% of class B and 37.31% of class A. In addition, frequent hospitalisation was significantly associated to the production of carbapenemase among Acinetobacter baumanii (Ajusted-OR=16.53, P-value

Published
2023

28. The Detection of Mutations and Genotyping of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Patients in the Rural Eastern Cape Province.

Author

Faye, Lindiwe M., Hosu, Mojisola C., Oostvogels, Selien, Dippenaar, Anzaan, Warren, Robin M., Sineke, Ncomeka, Vasaikar, Sandeep, and Apalata, Teke

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, MYCOBACTERIA, GENETIC mutation, GENETIC variation, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is still a major public health concern in South Africa. Mutations in M. tuberculosis can cause varying levels of phenotypic resistance to anti-TB medications. There have been no prior studies on gene mutations and the genotyping of DR-TB in the rural Eastern Cape Province; hence, we aimed to identify DR-TB mutations, genetic diversity, and allocated lineages among patients in this area. Using Xpert® MTB/RIF, we assessed the rifampin resistance of sputum samples collected from 1157 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. GenoType MTBDR plus VER 2.0 was used for the detection of mutations causing resistance to anti-TB medications. The next step was to spoligotype 441 isolates. The most prevalent rifampin resistance-conferring mutations were in rpoB codon S531L in INH-resistant strains; the katG gene at codon S315TB and the inhA gene at codon C-15TB had the most mutations; 54.5% and 24.7%, respectively. In addition, 24.6% of strains showed mutations in both the rpoB and inhA genes, while 69.9% of strains showed mutations in both the katG and rpoB genes. Heteroresistance was seen in 17.9% of all cases in the study. According to spoligotyping analysis, Beijing families predominated. Investigation of the evolutionary lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates can be carried out using the information provided by the study's diversity of mutations. In locations wherein these mutations have been discovered, decision-making regarding the standardization of treatment regimens or individualized treatment may be aided by the detection frequency of rpoB, katG, and inhA mutations in various study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Comparative Performance of Serological (IgM/IgG) and Molecular Testing (RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in Three Private Universities in Cameroon during the Pandemic

Author

Kamga Wouambo, Rodrigue, primary, Djuikoué, Cecile Ingrid, additional, Esemu, Livo Forgu, additional, Kagoue Simeni, Luc Aime, additional, Tchitchoua, Murielle Chantale, additional, Djouela Djoulako, Paule Dana, additional, Fokam, Joseph, additional, Singwe-Ngandeu, Madeleine, additional, Mpoudi Ngolé, Eitel, additional, and Apalata, Teke, additional

Published
2023
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30. Profile of Serological (IgM/IgG) and Virological Markers of COVID-19 in Some Private Universities in Cameroon During the Pandemic

Author

Kamga Wouambo, Rodrigue, primary, Djuikoué, Cecile Ingrid, additional, Esemu, Livo Forgu, additional, Kagoue Simeni, Luc Aime, additional, Tchitchoua, Murielle, additional, Djouela Djoulako, Paule Dana, additional, Fokam, Joseph, additional, Singwe-Ngandeu, Madeleine, additional, Mpoudi Ngolé, Eitel, additional, and Apalata, Teke, additional

Published
2023
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33. Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in Six Health Facilities in Cameroon

Author

Djuikoue, Cecile Ingrid, primary, Djouela Djoulako, Paule Dana, additional, Same Njanjo, Hélène Valérie, additional, Kiyang, Christiane Possi, additional, Djantou Biankeu, Feline Leina, additional, Guegang, Celianthe, additional, Tchouotou, Andrea Sheisley Didi, additional, Wouambo, Rodrigue Kamga, additional, Thumamo Pokam, Benjamin D., additional, Apalata, Teke, additional, and Jeannot, Katy, additional

Published
2023
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36. Prevalence of Escherichia coli Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Driven Septicaemia in Children Aged 0–2 Years in Two Districts Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

Author

Djuikoue, Cécile Ingrid, primary, Djouela Djoulako, Paule Dana, additional, Wouambo, Rodrigue Kamga, additional, Lacmago, Suzie Titsamp, additional, Dayomo, Audrey, additional, Kamga, Hortense Gonsu, additional, Thumamo Pokam, Benjamin D., additional, and Apalata, Teke, additional

Published
2022
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41. Spatial Distribution and Clustering of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections in Rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Author

Faye, Lindiwe M., Hosu, Mojisola C., Vasaikar, Sandeep, Dippenaar, Anzaan, Oostvogels, Selien, and Apalata, Teke

Subjects
pathology_pathobiology
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a serious public health threat reported as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. South Africa is a high TB burden country with TB being the highest infectious disease killer. The study investigated the distribution and clustering of Mtb mutations and spoligotypes in rural Eastern Cape Province. The Mtb isolates included were 1,157 from DR-TB patients and analysed by LPA followed by spoligotyping of 441 isolates, of these, 36 were whole genome sequenced. Distribution of mutations and spoligotypes was done by spatial analysis and clustering analysis was done by Bayesian model-based clustering of allele frequencies at heterozygous sites, using Mclust package in R. The rpoB gene had highest number of mutations. The distribution of rpoB and katG mutations was more prevalent in four health care facilities, inhA mutations were more prevalent in three healthcare facilities and heteroresistant isolates were more prevalent in five healthcare facilities. The Mtb was genetically diverse with Beijing more prevalent and largely distributed. Spatial analysis and mapping of gene mutations and spoligotypes revealed better picture of distribution. Clustering of isolates indicates that there is transmission of mixed infection in this area.

Published
2022

47. Infection prevention practices in household contacts of TB defaulters at Bizana Area of Eastern Cape, South Africa; A qualitative study

Author

APALATA, TEKE, Apalata, Teke, Hyera, Francis, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, and Ntsazana, Khaliphile Wiseman

Subjects
Other health sciences not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Background, aim and objective: South Africa has a high tuberculosis (TB) burden and is one of 30 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, according to the World Health Organization. Despite several interventions, the TB burden remains high, with 58,000 cases reported in 2019. TB is the leading cause of death in the country, and the Eastern Cape province has the highest TB defaulter rate. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the infection prevention practices of TB defaulters' household contacts who began their short course of directly observed treatment (DOT) at Oliver & Adelaide Tambo Hospital.

Published
2022
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