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The use of natural or conventional-based supplementation has become a popular strategy among athletes seeking to reduce oxidative stress, improve recovery, and enhance athletic performance. This literature review searched four reputable international electronic databases, including PubMed, MedRxiv, Cochrane, and Clinical Trial.gov until December 2021, using Boolean operators with keywords and Mesh methods. The keywords used were "Supplementation", AND "Muscle Fatigue Recovery", AND "Athletes", which yielded 24 articles as study findings. The literature review found that exhaustive exercise can induce a neutrophil antioxidant response by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Nutritional supplements, specifically antioxidant supplements, Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA), citrulline, omega-3, and caffeine, have been scientifically proven to reduce oxidative damage, which can block signaling pathways related to muscle hypertrophy. In order to combat muscle fatigue in athletes based on this research (literature review), natural ingredients and synthetic nutritional supplements have been utilized as dietary interventions. This literature review identified numerous natural micronutrients and synthetic supplements used in sports that possess anti-fatigue properties, decrease oxidative stress and enhance athletes' endurance capacity. The effectiveness of nutritional supplements in addressing muscle fatigue may vary based on the various ingredients in the supplements. However, natural-based supplements have become a preferred option among athletes and coaches currently.

Latar belakang: Prevalensi anemia ibu pasca melahirkan di Indonesia cukup tinggi mencapai 45,1%, dan di Kabupaten Kendal tahun 2018 mencapai 99%. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin pada ibu menyusui di Desa Selokaton, Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Kendal.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 42 orang. Wawancara dan uji hemoglobin menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, formulir recall 24 jam, dan HB POCT (Hemoglobin Point of Care Testing). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman.Hasil: Sebagian besar ibu termasuk usia tidak berisiko (81%), berpendidikan lanjut (64,3%), tidak memiliki risiko KEK (95,2%), tidak memiliki paparan pestisida (97,6%), terpapar rokok (81,0%), kurang asupan zat besi (97,6%), kurang asupan vitamin C (76,2%), tidak rutin mengonsumsi TTD (85,7%), paritas ibu ≤3 (97,6). Hasil uji Pearson Product Moment menemukan tidak terdapat relevansi antara usia dengan kadar hemoglobin ibu (p=0,447). Hasil uji korelasi ­Rank Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada relevansi antara tingkat pendidikan (p=0,467), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,068), status gizi (p=0,590), paparan pestisida (p=0,808), paparan rokok (p=0,198), kecukupan asupan zat besi (p=0,082) dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C (p=0,136) dengan kadar hemoglobin ibu menyusui.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara usia, tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga, status gizi, paparan pestisida, paparan rokok, kecukupan asupan zat besi, dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C dengan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu menyusui Desa Selokaton. Terdapat kecenderungan faktor paparan rokok, kecukupan asupan zat besi dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C pada kadar hemoglobin ibu menyusui.Kata kunci: hemoglobin, karakteristik, asupan zat gizi, paparan pestisida, paparan rokok ABSTRACTTitle: Factors Affecting Hemoglobin Levels in Breastfeeding Mothers in Selokaton Village, Sukorejo District, Kendal RegencyBackground: Indonesia had 45.1% postpartum maternal anemia, while in 2018, Kendal Regency has 99%. The study sought to identify factors that affect breastfeeding mothers' hemoglobin levels in Selokaton Village, Sukorejo District, Kendal Regency.Method: This type of research is analytic and observational with a cross-sectional design using purposive sampling and a sample of 42 people. Research tools like questionnaires, 24-hour recall forms, and HB POCT (Hemoglobin Point of Care Testing) were used for interviews and hemoglobin tests. Bivariate analysis used the Pearson Product Moment correlation test and the Rank Spearman correlation test.Result: Most of the mothers were not at risk (81%), had advanced education (64.3%), did not have CED risk (95.2%), did not have exposure to pesticides (97.6%), were exposed to cigarettes (81.0%), had insufficient intake of iron (97.6%), had insufficient intake of vitamin C (76.2%), did not take iron tablets regularly (85.7%), and had maternal parity ≤3 (97.6%). The Pearson product moment test results found no relevance between age and maternal hemoglobin levels (p=0.447). Spearman's rank correlation test results showed no relevance between education level (p=0.467), family income (p=0.068), nutritional status (p=0.590), exposure to pesticides (p=0.808), exposure to cigarettes (p=0.198), adequacy of iron intake (p=0.082) and adequacy of vitamin C intake (p=0.136) with hemoglobin levels of lactating mothers.Conclusion: Age, education, family income, nutritional status, pesticide and cigarette exposure, iron and vitamin C intake, and hemoglobin levels in breastfeeding mothers in Selokaton Village are not related. Smoking, iron, and vitamin C intake affect hemoglobin levels in lactating mothers.Keywords:hemoglobin level, characteristic, nutritional intake, pesticide exposure, cigarette exposure

Latar Belakang: Gizi buruk merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada usia dibawah lima tahun. Anak yang mengalami masalah gizi buruk bisa mengalami berbagai permasalahan kesehatan. Beberapa dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat permasalahan gizi buruk yaitu anak akan mengalami penurunan kecerdasan, beresiko lebih besar mengalami penyakit penyakit jantung koroner dan penyakt diabetes mellitus. Tujuan: Penelitian ini yakni untuk melihat berbagai evaluasi implementasi upaya penanggulangan gizi buruk pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di puskesmas Indonesia. Metode: Yang digunakan untuk menyusun informasi dalam artikel ini yakni dengan melakukan pencarian dan penyaringan sumber artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa selama masa Pandemi Covid-19, program penanggulangan gizi buruk yang berjalan di Puskesmas Indonesia memiliki berbagai tantangan dan hambatan-hambatan tersendiri. Hambatan tersebut terdiri dari hambatan pada aspek input, proses maupun output. Kesimpulan: Beberapa hambatan yang terjadi yaitu kurangnya jumlah tenaga gizi, kurang terampilnya tenaga gizi, kurang optimalnya petugas gizi dalam melaksanakan tugas, rendahnya sumber daya finansial, tidak memadainya sarana dan prasarana, tidak tepatnya sasaran program, dan kondisi pandemic yang memperburuk hambatan-hambatan tersebut.

Stunting problems often arise as a result of a lack of knowledge and skills in meeting the nutritional needs of toddlers. Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) is an effort aimed at increasing the knowledge and skills of the community to deal with nutritional problems independently. In addition to feeding patterns, adequate intake of iodine is required for normal physical growth during pregnancy and early life. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and practice of IYCF and consumption of iodized salt with the case of stunting in toddlers aged 12-24 months.This research is an analytic observational study using a cross sectional design. 87 samples were selected using random sampling technique. The data was collection on the level of knowledge and practice of PMBA carried out interviews with respondents using a questionnaire, collecting data on the use of iodized salt by testing for iodine levels using Lugol's solution (iodine test), measuring body length using an Infantometer and determining nutritional status processed with the WHO anthro application and analyzing data using the test. Continuity Correction stats. IYCF knowledge of the respondents at 76.0% is classified as good, IYCF practice of the respondents at 69% is classified as good and the use of Iodized Salt is at 35.6%. The Continuity Correction ”test showed that there was” a significant association between IYCF“knowledge (p=0.001; PR =14.9), IYCF practice (p=0.001; PR =10.6) and ”the use of iodized salt” (p=0.017; PR =3.7) and the incidence of stunting in children aged 12-24 months.There is an,.association between IYCF practice and knowledge and the use of iodized salt and ”the”incidence”” of stunting in ”children ”aged 12-24 months.

Latar belakang: Anak anak usia prasekolah usia 3-6 tahun sedang melewati masa pertumbuhan yang sangat tinggi (growth spurt). Data Kabupaten Temanggung gizi kurang tahun 2019 dengan persentase 5,5%Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian 77 Ibu yang memiliki anak yang bersekolah di KB D-BAITO Sunan Plumbon dan RA MASYITHOH Krajan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Variabel yang dikaji yaitu pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan, pengetahuan ibu, penyakit infeksi dan paparan asap rokok. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Uji analisis data menggunakan uji rank spearman dan chi square.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sebagian besar status gizi indikator BB/U responden adalah gizi baik (62,3%), status gizi indikator TB/U anak adalah normal (68,8%) dan status gizi indikator BB/TB anak adalah normal (77,9%). Hasil uji statistik mengunakan rank spearman dan chi square didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan, pengetahua ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga dan paparan asap rokok dengan status gizi (BB/U, TB/U dan BB/TB). Terdapat kecenderungan anak yang terpapar asap rokok memiliki nilai HAZ yang lebih rendah (mean ± SD sebesar -1,33 ±1,106) dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak terpapar asap rokok (-1,13 ± 1,15) dengan p-value=0,265 dari uji chi square.Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan, pengetahuan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga dan paparan asap rokok dengan status antropometri anak prasekolah di KB D-BAITO Sunan Plumbon dan RA MASYITHOH Krajan. Terdapat kecenderungan anak yang terpapar asap rokok lebih pendek daripada yang tidak terpapar asap rokok.Kata kunci: Status gizi; usia prasekolah; gizi kurangABSTRACTTitle: Factors Affecting Nutritional Status in Preschool Age Children (Studies in the D-BAITO Study Group Sunan Plumbon and Raudhatul Athfal MASYITHOH Krajan, Tembarak District, Temanggung Regency in 2021).Background: Preschool children aged 3-6 years are going through a period of very high growth (growth spurt). The data from Temanggung Regency for malnutrition in 2019 with a percentage of 5.5 %.Method: This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 77 mothers who had children who attended KB D-BAITO Sunan Plumbon and RA MASYITHOH Krajan. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The variables studied were mother's education, mother's occupation, income, mother's knowledge, infectious diseases and exposure to cigarette smoke. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Test data analysis using rank spearman and chi square.Result: The study showed that most of the nutritional status indicators of the respondents' BB/U were good nutrition (62.3%), the nutritional status of the children's TB/U indicators was normal (68.8%) and the nutritional status of the children's BB/TB indicators was normal (77, 9%). The results of statistical tests using Spearman rank and chi square found that there was no relationship between mother's education, mother's occupation, income, mother's knowledge, number of family members and exposure to cigarette smoke with nutritional status (WAZ, WHZ and HAZ). There is a tendency that children exposed to cigarette smokes had lower HAZ scores (mean ± SD of-1.33 ± 1,106 ) than those who are not exposed to cigarette smokes (-1.13 ± 1,15) with a p-value of chi square test of 0,265Conclusion: There was no association between mother's education, mother's occupation, income, mother's knowledge, number of family members and exposure to cigarette smoke with anthropometric status of preschool children in KB D-BAITO Sunan Plumbon and RA MASYITHOH Krajan. There was a tendency that children exposed to cigarette smokes were shorter than those who were not exposed to cigarette smoke.Keywords: Nutritional status; preschool age; malnutrition

Background: The incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the working area of the Bandaharjo Community Health Center in 2017 was 443 cases, 2018 was 328 cases, 2019 was 485 cases and in 2020 to June was 231 cases. A history of asthma and a history of comorbidities (anemia and diarrhea) is thought to be one of the determining factors that can cause children under five to develop pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the history of asthma and comorbid history associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the Bandaharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City.Methods: This observational study used a case control design used in this study, with a sample of 80, namely 40 case samples and 40 control samples. The study population was all toddlers who seek treatment and live in the working area of Puskesmas Bandaharjo. The sample of cases in this study were toddlers who had pneumonia in January-June 2020, while the control sample was toddlers who did not have pneumonia 1 in January-June 2020. Data collection was through interviews. Data analysis used chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: There was a relationship between history of asthma (p; 0.01; OR 19.5; 95% CI 6.23-61.15), history of comorbidities (p; 0.01; OR 22.91; 95% CI 5, 97-87,83) with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five.Conclusion: History of asthma and history of comorbidity have a strong relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the working area of the Bandaharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City.

Latar belakang: Kadar hemoglobin rendah menyebabkan anemia dalam kehamilan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin adalah zat besi, vitamin C sebagai enhancer besi, dan kalsium sebagai inhibitor besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh asupan besi, kalsium, dan vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematis dengan metode PRISMA. Pencarian literatur menggunakan database elektronik yaitu SCOPUS, PubMed, dan Garuda dengan kata kunci: asupan besi, kalsium, vitamin C, kadar hemoglobin, ibu hamil. Pembatasan ditetapkan pada artikel: artikel asli dari sumber utama dengan teks penuh, diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir, berbahasa Indonesia dan/atau Inggris. Variabel dalam artikel: pengaruh asupan besi, kalsium dan artikel terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Dari 663 artikel yang ditemukan, didapatkan 15 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi. Hasil: Asupan zat besi meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Selain zat besi, vitamin C juga membantu meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Hal ini dikarenakan vitamin C merupakan faktor pendukung penyerapan zat besi. Asupan zat besi yang dikonsumsi bersama vitamin C lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin. Sedangkan, kalsium merupakan faktor penghambat penyerapan zat besi, sehingga kalsium menurunkan jumlah kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil.Simpulan: Asupan zat besi, kalsium dan vitamin C memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan pada kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil.Kata kunci: Zat Besi; Kalsium; Vitamin C; Hemoglobin ABSTRACTTitle: Effect of Iron Intake, Calcium, and Vitamin C on Pregnant Women’s Hemoglobin Levels: Systematic ReviewBackground: Low hemoglobin levels cause anemia in pregnancy. Factors that affect hemoglobin levels are iron, vitamin C as an iron enhancer, and calcium as an iron inhibitor. This study aims to determine the effect of iron intake, calcium, and vitamin C on the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women.Method: This study uses a systematic review approach with the PRISMA method. A literatur search using electronic databases namely, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Garuda with the following keywords: iron intake, calcium, vitamin C, hemoglobin levels, pregnant women. Search limits included: original and full text articles from primary sources, published in the last ten years, Indonesian and/or English language. Variables in the articles: effect of iron intake, calcium, and vitamin C on hemoglobin levels. From 663 articles that founded, 15 articles were obtained fulfilling the criteria and then were identified.Result: Iron intake increases hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. In addition to iron, vitamin C also helps to increase the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women. This is because vitamin C is a supporting factor for iron absorption. Iron intake consumed with vitamin C is more effective in increasing hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, calcium is a factor inhibiting the absorption of iron, so calcium lowers hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.Conclusion: Iron intake, calcium, and vitamin C has a significant influence on the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women.Keywords: Iron; Calcium; Vitamin C; Hemoglobin

Latar belakang: Persentase cakupan bayi usia 0-6 bulan yang memperoleh ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Bulu Lor Semarang sebesar 48,39%, angka ini masih lebih rendah dari Target Renstra Kota Semarang (65%) dan target nasional (80%). Pengetahuan ibu yang rendah berisiko 1.81 kali dan sikap ibu yang rendah berisiko 2,81 kali terhadap pemberian ASI. Teknik pemberian edukasi dengan metode video dalam rangka pendidikan kesehatan dinilai lebih mampu dan lebih efektif untuk mengubah pengetahuan ataupun kemampuan seseorang. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh edukasi gizi melalui video terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Bulu Lor Semarang.Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-April 2021. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah quasy eksperimental dengan menggunakan one-group pre test-post test design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 36 ibu menyusui bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Intervensi dilakukan dengan pemberian 2 jenis media video (durasi 3 – 5 menit) dan dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Terdapat pemberian konseling sebelum dilakulan post test. Analisis data menggunakan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat (Wilcoxon signed ranks).Hasil: Ibu menyusui berusia 20 – 35 tahun (75%), berpendidikan tinggi (77,8%), tidak bekerja (72,2%), mendapatkan dukungan keluarga baik (75%), dan pernah mendapatkan paparan informasi ASI eksklusif (66,7%). Rerata skor pada pengetahuan sebelum diberikan intervensi sebanyak 16,5 dan setelah diberikan intervensi meningkat menjadi 18,5. Rerata skor pada sikap sebelum diberikan intervensi sebanyak 7,7 dan setelah diberikan intervensi meningkat menjadi 9,0. Uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon signed ranks menunjukan hasil bahwa pemberian edukasi dengan media video berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang ASI (p-value=0,001).Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian edukasi dengan media video terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif.Kata kunci: ASI Eksklusif; Edukasi; Ibu; Pengetahuan; Sikap ABSTRACT Title: The Effect of Education on Mother's Knowledge and Attitude in Exclusive Breastfeeding at Bulu Lor Health Center 2021Background: The percentage coverage of infants aged 0-6 months who received exclusive breastfeeding at the Bulu Lor Health Center Semarang was 48.39%, this figure is still lower than the Semarang city strategic plan target (65%) and the national target (80%). Research conducted by Iin showed that the mother's knowledge and attitude influenced breastfeeding with OR=1.81 on mother's knowledge and OR=2.81 on mother's attitude. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding at Bulu Lor Health Center Semarang.Method: The study was conducted in February-April 2021 using a quasi-experimental design, and obtained a total sample of 36 mothers breastfeeding infants aged 0-6 months. The intervention was carried out by giving 2 types of video media (duration 3 – 5 minutes) and carried out for 2 weeks. There is counseling before the post test. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis (Wilcoxon signed ranks).Result: Breastfeeding mothers aged 20-35 years (75%), highly educated (77.8%), do not work (72.2%), have good family support (75%), and have had exposure to information on exclusive breastfeeding (66.7 %). Average of knowledge score before being given an intervention were 16.5 and after being given an intervention it increased to 18.5. Mean of attitude score before being given the intervention was 7.7 and after being given the intervention it increased to 9.0. Statistical test using Wilcoxon signed ranks showed that the provision of education with video media affected the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about breastfeeding (p-value = 0.001).Conclusion: There is an effect of providing education with video media on mother's knowledge and attitudes in exclusive breastfeeding.Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding; Education; Mother; Knowledge; Attitude

Background: A Kader refers to a Village Health Worker (VHW), a volunteer, which becomes one of the sources of community reference. Commonly, they sustain a mother's knowledge regarding adequate complementary feeding. However, there are still some VHW who have not possessed a health education background nor been able to be independent.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of collaborative models on VHW's competence as in knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, and counseling skill on the topic of complementary feeding.Materials and Methods: The design of this research is a quasi-experiment control group pretest-postest, with the retrieval of subjects using purposive sampling. Subjects were selected based on the location of the posyandu. The population in this research was VHWs in the Lembang district were 40 VHWs in each group. The treatment group was given training intervention for 1 month with a collaborative model, combining several methods into a series. The main topic was counseling and complementary feeding. The control group was given booklets and leaflets. VHW's competence was measured using questionnaires. This research was conducted in January-April 2020.Results: Statistical test results before the treatment of both groups showed no difference (p>0,05) in each variable. Two months after the intervention, there were significant differensces in the mean score of knowledge (p=0,001), attitude (p=0,001), and VHWs self-efficacy (p=0,000) in both groups. VHW counseling skills (p=0,149) until the first month there was not a significant difference. Unexpectedly, in the second month, the VHW counseling skills could not be observed due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The mean score of each group increased significantly, but the score of the treatment group was higher than the control group.Conclusions: A collaborative model is effective when compared to only providing booklets and leaflets in increasing VHW's knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy but not effective yet for VHW counseling skills.

Background: A work environment that is exposed to heavy metals, such as a coal mining environment, can change fat metabolism in the body. Changes in fat metabolism will lead to cardiovascular disease. Consumption of dairy products, e.g. whey protein, can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Objectives : To test and analyze the differences in triglyceride levels before and after whey protein intervention to field workers with different working conditions. Materials and Method s : This experimental research with pretest and posttest was conducted on field workers at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit, Lampung as an Arsenic exposed group and PTPN VII Way Berulu Business Unit as an Arsenic unexposed group. Both groups received 24 grams of whey protein daily for 28 days. The triglyceride levels before and after the intervention were measured by laboratory analysis using the enzymatic calorimetry method. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. Result s : The average triglyceride levels increased by 50.48 ± 98.09 mg/dL in the exposed group and 16.78 ± 67.67 mg/dL in the unexposed group. There was a significant difference in triglyceride levels before and after the whey protein intervention in the two groups. Conclusion s : The whey protein intervention increased the triglyceride level in the exposed group and decreased it in the unexposed group.

The result from preliminary survey showed that the prevalence of couples in childbearing age who used pesticide excessive in the shallot farming and did not have offspring for >1 year in Pamulihan Village, Larangan Subdistrict, Brebes was 33%.This study aimed to analyze occurrence of male infertility according to their practices on pesticide use and zinc-containing diets. The design study was case-control and data was collected by using the standardized questionnaires. From total of 81 cases and 581 control males, respondents of 51 cases and 51 controls were selected with random sampling method. The investigators measured the use of pesticides, personal protective equipment, practices on the daily use of clothing, handwashing after spraying, and zinc intake. The multivariate analysis result indicated that the variables that exhibited a significant effect were the frequency of pesticide spraying in a week (OR: 2. 663 (CI=1.138–6.233 )), spraying against the wind direction (OR:0.180 (CI = 0.033–0.971)), and repeated spraying (OR: 0.346 (CI =0.146–0.819)). Although factor farmers worked more than six hours per day, practiced re-spraying, consumed fertility-enhancing foods and used the PPE were identified as a significant risk factor of infertility in univariate analysis, the association becomes disappeared in multivariate analysis. It might be due to multiple combination effect between variables. Frequency of pesticide spraying in a week was the variable with the highest effect, which is farmers who sprayed the pesticide on the red shallot >3 times per week were inclined in infertile three times higher.

Organophosphate is widely used in agriculture in Indonesia and contributes to a public health problem. However, the risk factors of organophosphate exposure, particularly in children living in the agricultural area, have not been described. The research aimed to assess the risk factors associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure on school children living in the agricultural area. This work was a cross-sectional study in 2017 with 166 school children were selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires identified risk factors. Organophosphate metabolites detected by using LC-MS/MS. While chi-square and binary logistic tests as statistical analysis (α=0.05; 95%CI). In 28.9% of subjects, organophosphate metabolites were detected. Cut the onion leaves (p=0.002, OR=3.33, 95% CI:1.55−7.15), the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in their neighbors (p=0.007; OR=2.67; 95%CI:1.31−5.46) was associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Involvement in agriculture activities and the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in the neighbor.

Background: The main causes of neonatal deaths in Semarang city were low birth weight (LBW) approximately 38%, birth asphyxia (23%), congenital defect (8%), infections such as sepsis (3%), jaundice (3%), and others (25%). The most common causes of mortality were considered preventable and treatable at an affordable, easily-to-implement, and efficient through integrated management of young infants (IMYI) performed during neonatal visits. It has previously been observed that IMYI has contributed to reducing the neonatal mortality rate by 30-60%. This study aims to investigate the factors that determine the integrated management of young infants carried by maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) workers in Semarang city.Methods: Quantitative research designs were adopted to provide the correlation between independent variables and dependent variables using statistical hypothesis testing. A cross-sectional approach was utilized to collect the data, both independent dan dependent variables simultaneously. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression.Results: The result suggests that knowledge, work period, attitude, workload, recording system, supervision had an association toward the practice of IMYI conducted by MPDSR workers in Semarang City. No significant correlation was found on the availability of tools and appraisal toward the practice of IMYI. Work periods was the most dominant factor affecting IMYI practice.Conclusion: these results indicate that knowledge, work period, attitude, workload, recording system, supervision has an important role to increase the practice of IMYI performed by maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) workers in Semarang city.

Women are more at risk to stress in pregnancy than during the puerperium. One method of coping with stress is through physical exercise. Maryam Exercise can be used as an alternative to the development of pregnancy exercises in Indonesia because it covers the holistic aspects and easy to do. It is a combination of basic pregnancy exercises, Islamic prayer (Salat) movements and dhikr. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Maryam exercise on the stress levels and cortisol serum levels among primiparous pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experimental study design, pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent control group. In the third trimester of 40 primiparous women were randomly assigned into two groups such the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The experimental group received the Maryam exercise while the control group received the standard antenatal exercise. There was a significant difference in stress levels between the intervention group and the control group before and after receiving the intervention (p

The highest prevalence of malnutrition cases is in Gorontalo District which is 3.2% in 2018 and the highest public health center in the Tibawa area is 4.2% in cases of malnutrition and underfives carrying a red line are 4.7% and 2 toddlers do not gaining weight for 3 times in a row The results of growth and development monitoring were carried out at the posyandu until September 2018. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition assistance with media booklets to improve the knowledge and practices of hamlet heads in determining the nutritional status of children under five. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre -post, sample selection with a total sample of 77 respondents,37 interventions and 40 controls.The results showed that there were no significant differences in knowledge of the treatment and control groups before the pre intervention (p=0.857). There were significant differences in knowledge before and after the intervention group pos1 (p=0,000) and post2 (p=0,000) whereas in the post1 control group (p=0,000), there were significant differences at post2 (p=0.395) there were no significant differences. There was a difference after the intervention between the treatment and control groups post1 (p=0,000) and Post2 (p=0,000). The practical variables did not differ significantly between the treatment and control groups before the intervention (p=0.921).In the treatment group between pre and post1 there was a significant difference (p=0.046).Between pre and post2 (p=0.157),there was no significant difference. In the control group there was no significant difference between pre and post1 (p= 0.157) and post2 (p=0.564).After the intervention there were no significant differences in the treatment and control groups at post1 (p=0.557) as well as post2 (p=0.583). The conclusion was booklet mentoring significantly increased the knowledge and practice in of mothers in determining the nutritional status of toddlers.There is no effect of practice after post2.

Latar belakang: Masih rendahnya tingkat menyusui di Indonesia bersamaan dengan cukup tingginya kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel faktor praktik menyusui yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Metode: Strategi pencarian literatur dalam database daring dilakukan menggunakan mesin pencarian Portal Garuda, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci: stunting , indonesia , breastfeeding . Pembatasan ditetapkan pada artikel: artikel asli dari sumber utama dengan teks penuh, diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir, berbahasa Indonesia dan/atau Inggris. Faktor praktik menyusui yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia diidentifikasi. Dari 808 artikel didapatkan 37 artikel memenuhi kriteria, diidentifikasi dan menghasilkan tiga variabel besar yaitu pelaksanaan IMD, pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta durasi menyusui (lamanya pemberian ASI dalam lingkup waktu luas). Hasil: Variabel yang berhubungan positif dengan kejadian stunting di Indonesia yaitu pelaksanaan IMD serta pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penundaan inisiasi menyusu atau tidak melaksanakan IMD serta tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif menjadi faktor risiko stunting pada balita di Indonesia dengan OR tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 3,69 dan 19,50. Variabel durasi menyusui terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia masih inkonklusif dimana durasi menyusui yang lebih lama ditemukan berhubungan positif dan negatif dengan menjadi faktor protektif dan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Simpulan : Praktik menyusui yang ditemukan berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia meliputi pelaksanaan IMD, pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta durasi menyusui, menggambarkan bagaimana pentingnya praktik menyusui berinteraksi terhadap status gizi. Kata kunci: stunting ; Indonesia; praktik menyusui; balita ABSTRACT Title: Breastfeeding Practice Factors Associated with Stunting among Under-five Children in Indonesia: A Literature Review Background: Low rates of breastfeeding practices in Indonesia coincide with the high incidence of childhood stunting. This review aimed to identify breastfeeding factor variables associated with stunting among under-five children in Indonesia. Method: Online literature search strategy was conducted using Portal Garuda, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar with the following keywords: stunting, Indonesia, breastfeeding. Search limits included: original and full article from primary sources, published in the last ten years, Indonesian and/or English language. Breastfeeding practice factors associated with stunting were identified. From 808 articles, 37 were obtained fulfilling the criteria. They were identified and produced three major variables, including breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, and breastfeeding duration. Result: Variables reported to be positively associated with stunting among under-five in Indonesia were breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. Delayed breastfeeding initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding were reported to be the risk factors of stunting among under-five in Indonesia with the highest OR of 3,69 and 19,50. The breastfeeding duration variable is still inconclusive, where prolonged breastfeeding was found positively and negatively associated by becoming the protective and risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Indonesia. Conclusion : Breastfeeding practice factors found to be significantly associated with stunting in Indonesia are exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration, demonstrating the importance of how breastfeeding practices interact with nutritional status. Keywords : S tunting ; Indonesia; breastfeeding practices; under-five children

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the nutritional problems that still occur in Indonesia which is common in young women. Early nutrition education is needed to prevent these problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the android-based educational media "Aneminfo" on the knowledge and attitudes of young women regarding iron deficiency anemia. Method: This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post control group design with a sample of 37 people for each group taken from 2 vocational schools in the city of Semarang. The intervention was carried out using educational media in the form of the “Aneminfo” android application. Changes in knowledge and attitudes between before and after the intervention were measured using a validated questionnaire and tested using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results showed a significant increase in knowledge in the intervention group (p = 0.001), and there was a significant increase in attitude in the intervention group (p = 0.011) compared to the control group. The conclusion of this study is the Aneminfo android application can be an alternative media for the government and health workers in providing education about iron deficiency anemia to increase adolescent knowledge and prevent anemia from an early age.

Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian gizi buruk di Indonesia maupun di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kota Semarang masih tinggi. Masalah tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan terkait gizi di kalangan masyarakat, termasuk Aktivis Dasa Wisma. Salah satu alasan lainnya adalah kurangnya promotor gizi di tengah masyarakat, tokoh yang seharusnya berkaitan erat dengan kelompok sasaran, yaitu balita gizi buruk (stunting). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melatih promotor gizi yang dapat melakukan deteksi dini dan pencegahan gizi buruk dengan baik dan efisien di tingkat Dasa Wisma sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting di tingkat masyarakat.Metode: Studi intervensi dengan rancangan kohort time series prospektif pada dua kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tahapan kegiatannya adalah persiapan lapangan berupa Training of Trainer (TOT) bagi petugas gizi dan aktivis Dasa Wisma (66 aktivis terpilih), pengadaan sarana antropometrik penentuan status gizi, media, dan pelatihan bagi enumerator.Hasil: Aktivis Dasa Wisma yang dilatih mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan terkait gizi dan malnutrisi sebesar 2,66 poin (pKesimpulan: Peran Aktivis Dasa Wisma sangat penting untuk membantu ibu balita dalam melakukan pemantauan gizi anaknya; Selanjutnya, diharapkan semua ibu balita menyadari dan mempraktekkan keterampilan yang telah diperoleh untuk mencegah kejadian stunting sejak dini. KATA KUNCI: malnutrisi; stunting; pelatihan; Dasa Wisma; Promotor KesehatanABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of malnutrition in Indonesia especially in Central Java Province and in Semarang City is still high. The problem was due to lack of awareness and knowledge related to nutrition in the community, including Housewives Peer Group Activists. Another reason is due to the absence of nutrition promotors, persons who are closely related to the target group, under five children who were stunted. The objective of this study was to train efficient promotors in doing early detection and prevention of malnutrition at Housewives Peer Group Activists level as an effort to prevent stunting at the community level. Methods: An intervention study with a case control design in two groups used in this study. The stages of the activities were field preparation in the form of training of trainers (TOT) for nutrition officers and Housewives Peer Group Activists (66 activists selected), procurement of anthropometric infrastructure for determining nutritional status, media, and training for enumerator. Results: Housewives Peer Group Activists being trained had an increase in knowledge by 2.66 points (p Conclusion: The role of Housewives Peer Group Activists is very important in assisting mothers of children under five in conducting monitoring of their children’s nutrition; furthermore, it is hoped that all mothers of children under five realize and practice the skills they have acquired to prevent stunting. KEYWORD: malnutrition; stunting; training; housewives peer group activist; health promotor

Stunted overweight teenagers are at risk of having iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is caused by various factors including the high food absorption inhibitors of iron such as phytate and tannins. Phytate and tannin contain polyphenol compounds which have a strong ability to bind iron so that it inhibits iron absorption in the intestine. This study aims to analyze the correlation between phytate, tannin intake and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents. The research method was a cross-sectional study of 64 stunted overweight adolescents selected by consecutive sampling in four high schools/vocational high schools in Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Phytate and tannin intake data using SQ-FFQ method. The serum transferrin receptor examination uses the ELISA method and the hemoglobin level uses the Cyanomethemoglobin method. The results of the study, most of the respondents had high phytate and tannin intake of 96.9% and 89.1%. Respondents with low serum transferrin receptor were 7.8% and low hemoglobin levels were 7.8%. There was no correlation between phytate intake with serum transferrin receptor or hemoglobin (p1 = 0.937 r1 = -0.010, p2 = 0.192 r2 = 0.165). Tannins were significantly correlated with serum transferrin receptor and hemoglobin (p1 = 0.005 r1 = 0.344, p2 = 0.002 r2 = -0.374). Based on multivariate analysis, tannin is a determinant of hemoglobin (R2 = 0.257). Conclusion is that tannin is positively correlated with serum transferrin receptor and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents. Excessive tannin intake can cause deficiency in stunted overweight adolescents.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Pemalang Regency in 2017 is still high and happens a lot during childbirth time period (72%). One of the efforts for reducing MMR is the quality service of childbirth for the process of mother and baby recovery, early detection of complications, taking care of and referral of complications. The aim of the study is to determine and analyze the quality of the first childbirth service (KF1) and factors related to the service quality of first childbirth (KF1) by midwives at Health Centres in Pemalang Regency. Quantitative research method used cross sectional research type, sample selection by simple random sampling at 100 civil servant of midwives working period of at least three years in 14 health centres in each sub-district in Pemalang Regency. Data collections were done by questionnaires and observations, data analysis with chi-square statistical tests and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. Research results showed that the service quality of the first childbirth (KF1) is lacking (53%), lacking motivation (54%), less reward (65%), less supervision (50%) and workload according to the standard (57%). Variables related to the service quality of the first childbirth (KF1) are motivation (p-value = 0.018) and rewards (p-value = 0.003). While the variables not related to the service quality of the first childbirth (KF1) are supervision (p-value = 0.229) and workload (p-value = 0.774). The factors that influence the service quality of the first childbirth (KF1) are rewards (value p = 0.031 and OR = 3,466) . Suggestions for improving the service quality of the first childbirth (KF1) are midwives have to be more optimal in giving childbirth care and health education, head of health cent res can divide the tasks equally among all midwives, midwives in working have to create a positive attitude, the head of the health cent res praises the success of childbirth care, the head of the health centres can allocate funds for the transportation of home visits, the implementation of supervision is carried out on a scheduled and routine for all midwives .

One of the causes of a high maternal mortality rate is the low knowledge of women's reproductive health, especially about the prevention of pregnancy risks. This can be overcome by increasing the knowledge of prospective brides, one of them is by providing health education with booklet media. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of booklets on the knowledge and attitudes of reproductive health of brides related to the prevention of the pregnancy risks. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group design. The study population was the future brides who attended the course of Future Bride and Groom at the Religious Affairs Office in Pemalang Regency. The samples were 50 brides for the intervention group and 50 brides for the control group. The instruments were questionnaires and booklets. An intervention group and a control group were compared based on the result of pre and post intervention. Statistical analysis used t-test and mann whitney test. The results showed that there is a differentiation in reproductive health knowledge after intervention between intervention group and control group (p = 0,000

Kabupaten Brebes merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang telah mengimplementasikan progam PISPK sejak tahun 2016, dalam beberapa tahun dilaksanakan program PISPK Kabupaten Brebes menempati urutan ke-6 dalam hal cakupan kunjungan keluarga. Puskesmas Kluwut merupakan salah satu Puskesmas yang sudah melaksanakn program PISPK sejak diterbitkan program tersebut, sampai dengan saat ini pendataan jumlah keluarga (KK) di Puskesmas Kluwut mencapai 90%. Tetapai untuk capaian jumlah Indeks Keluarga Sehat (IKS) belum sesuai dengan target. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pelaksanaan program indonesia sehat dengan pendekatan keluarga PISPK dengan melihat capaian Indeks Keluarga Sehat (IKS) di Puskesmas Kluwut Kabupaten Brebes tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interviews) . Informan utama adalah pemegang program PISPK, petugas pelaksanaan program PISPK di Puskesmas Kluwut. Informan triangulasi adalah kepala Puskesmas Kluwut. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, reduksi , dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aspek input meliputi kurangnya SDM kesehatan, belum fokusnya alokasi penggunaan dana, pemanfaatan sistem apilkasi yang terbatas dapat berdampak pada aspek proses , yaitu kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan penyuluhan kesehatan menyebabkan masih banyaknya masalah kesehatan yang ditemukan. Sehingga menyebabkan aspek output yaitu cakupan indeks keluarga sehat (IKS) di Puskesmas Kluwut belum tercapai sesuai dengan target nasional. Dukungan aktif lintas sektor juga dapat mempengaruhi dan mempermudah proses pelaksanaan program indonesia sehat dengan pendekatan keluarga. Rekomendasi kepada Puskesmas adalah agar dapat melakukan komunikasi dan koordinasi dengan lintas sektor serta menambah ketersediaan SDM kesehatan terutama untuk melakukan pendataan dilapangan. Keywords: Analisis, Indeks Keluarga Sehat, Puskesmas

The d ietary acid load was associated with metabolic syndrome and mental health among obese college student s Background : The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing every year in the young population. The western diet is one of the causes that makes excess acid in the body called a dietary acid load. On the other hand, the high dietary acid load was associated with decreased mental health status. Objective : To examine the association between dietary acid load and the risk of metabolic syndrome and mental health. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 115 female students in Semarang aged 18-22 years. The dietary acid load was evaluated through a potential renal acid load (PRAL), the risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated by Metabolic syndrome risk score. Mental health status was assessed through levels of self-esteem and levels of anxiety. The level of self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire, while the level of anxiety was measured by the State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models with adjustment for a potential cofounding variable were used to evaluate the association between dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome scores, self-esteem scores, and anxiety scores. Results : The mean PRAL score was 6.11 ± 9.72 mEq/day indicated the intake of the subjects was the dietary acid load. 13% of subjects had metabolic syndrome, and 87% had a pre-metabolic syndrome. 36.5% of the subjects have low self-esteem scores. The anxiety level score calculation shows that 59.1% of the subjects are at high risk of anxiety. Pearson test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with anxiety scores (r=0,669; p

Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan gizi buruk pada balita adalah pemberian MP-ASI yang tidak tepat. Upaya promosi dan edukasi tentang MP-ASI merupakan salah satu tindakan efektif untuk mencegah gizi buruk pada balita. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh media booklet dan film pendek terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik orangtua balita usia 6-24 bulan dalam pemberian MP-ASI. Metode penelitian ini adalah Eksperimental-Semu dengan Nonequivalent pretest-posttest with control group design . Populasi penelitian: orangtua balita usia 6-24 bulan (istri dan suami) di Kabupaten Kudus dengan penyesuaian kriteria inklusi. Terdapat 61 orangtua pada kelompok perlakuan (mendapatkan booklet, film pendek, dan leaflet ) dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan (hanya mendapatakan leaflet ). Variabel bebas: pemberian media booklet dan film pendek kepada orangtua balita usia 6-24 bulan dan variabel terikat: perilaku orangtua balita usia 6-24 bulan (pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik) dalam pemberian MP-ASI. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney . Tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan (kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan) pada variabel pengetahuan istri (p=0,517), pengetahuan suami (p=0,531), sikap istri (p=0,325), sikap suami (p=0,062), praktik istri (0,052), dan praktik suami (0,151) tentang pemberian MP-ASI. Nilai rerata lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan. Hal ini menunjukkan jika pemberian booklet dan film pendek lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa perlakuan.