Search

Astley Paston Cooper (1768-1841) was presumably the most prominent English surgeon and anatomist of the early decades of the 19th century who promoted the experimental surgery on animals, the significance of cadaveric dissection in surgery and the value of the observation and physiological knowledge for every surgeon. Becoming very early at the age of 23 lecturer on anatomy and surgery at St. Thomas's Hospital, Cooper was devoted to surgery in an era where no anesthesia and antisepsis existed, as well to anatomy and experimental surgery. First of all, he performed ligation of common carotid artery and abdominal aorta for aneurysms, resection of the contracture of the palmar aponeurosis prior to Dupuytren, whereas he contributed to advance of the hernias' and breast surgery. He was among the first surgeon in Europe that incorporated surgery to medicine, whilst his brilliant surgical teaching inspired generations of surgeons in Europe at the early 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected millions of individuals, with increasing numbers of survivors. These data suggest that the pulmonary sequelae of the infection may have an effect on a wide range of individuals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pulmonary function in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 three months after hospital discharge. A total of 116 patients, 34 females and 82 males, with a mean age of 57.77±11.45 years, who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, underwent pulmonary function testing three months after their hospital discharge. Of these, 83 (71.6%) patients were hospitalized in the period of alpha variant predominance, 16 (13.8%) in the period of delta variant predominance and 17 (14.6%) in the omicron variant predominance period. The mean value of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)% predicted (pred) was statistically higher in patients affected by the omicron variant (P=0.028). Abnormal values (<80% pred) of DLCO and total lung capacity (TLC) were observed in 28.4 and 20.7% of the patients, respectively. Active smoking was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec % pred and TLC% pred [P=0.038; odds ratio (OR): 8.574, confidence interval (CI) 1.124-65.424 and P=0.004, OR: 14.733, CI 2.323-93.429, respectively], age was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced vital capacity % pred and DLCO% pred (P=0.027, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246 and P=0.011, OR:1.054, CI 1.012-1.098, respectively); and female sex was an independent predictor of abnormal values of DLCO% pred (P=0.009, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246). Α significant percentage of hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia will develop abnormal pulmonary function, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Georgakopoulou et al.)

During wrist arthroscopy, the wrist joint can be visualized from almost every perspective through a combination of standard dorsal and volar arthroscopic portals. This cadaveric study aims to compare all wrist portals described in terms of their safety in order to rank them according to the distance from the nearest structure at risk for arthroscopic wrist procedures. Twenty-nine cadaveric formalin-embellished upper limbs were examined. Needles were inserted at dorsal and volar portal sites to perform the measurements. During the subsequent dissection, distances were measured as the shortest possible distance from the nearest structure at risk for each portal. Safe zones were determined for all portals, and the safety classification of arthroscopic wrist portals was proposed, ranking them from the safest to the most perilous. Applying the proposed safety classification to arthroscopic practice, wrist arthroscopy can be performed with a lower risk of iatrogenic complications arising from the implementation of the wrist portals., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Antonoglou et al.)

A very rare anatomical variation of external jugular vein's penetration by the transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck is displayed in the current study. The phenomenon of veins' fenestration or penetration by other structures, such as nerves along with its likely embryologic development are discussed. Moreover, the potential clinical significance of that variation's awareness on behalf the physician is discussed in detail., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestAll authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest to be reported., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Spontaneous rupture of renal pelvis with urine extravasation is a rare condition and usually associated with obstructing ureteric calculus. It poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas, while a stepwise approach for the confirmation of diagnosis, treatment and follow up is needed. We present a case of a 75-year old male patient who had a renal pelvis rupture with perirenal extravasation of urine due to a 4 mm stone located at the right ureterovesical junction. Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography, while the patient was treated successfully with the placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy. A week later a CT- nephrostomography showed the healing of renal pelvis with no extravasation and no evidence of the obstructing stone.

Sedation is a controllable level of medication depression of consciousness during which protective reflexes, adequate breathing, and responsiveness to physical stimuli and verbal commands are retained A number of physical and psychological factors affect the psyche of patients in the intensive care unit. Central nervous system (CNS) is a primary target of action of anesthetics and analgesics, and the bi-spectral index reflects the level of sedation of CNS, regardless of what drug caused sedation. The aim of this study was to use volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in children for sedation in the intensive care unit. Constant use of the inhalation route of administration helps to maintain the desired level of sedation depth for the required period of time in patients who are on long-term sedation and is practical for correction.