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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-nms-10.1177_1461444820975411 for A softer kind of hard news? Data journalism and the digital renewal of public service news in Sweden by Andreas Widholm and Ester Appelgren in New Media & Society

Will the current practice of data and digital analysis harm humanities scholarship? Or will increasing access to data and easy-to-use tools for digital analysis instead strengthen the ability to critically interpret culture and contemporary life? These two perspectives permeate The Datafied Society: Studying Culture through Data, edited by Mirko Tobias Schäfer and Karin van Es.

Medieindustrins intäktsmodeller är beroende av publikdata. Traditionellt har denna typ av data bestått av mätningar på paneler, räckvidd, samt försäljningssiffror, men idag börjar modellerna också byggas kring rik beteendedata insamlad i realtid i digitala kanaler. En utmaning för sådana modeller är individernas vilja att dela med sig av personlig data. Detta kapitel diskuterar konsekvenser för medieindustrin i ljuset av forskning kring personlig integritet vid insamling, bearbetning, samkörning av databaser och spridning av information utvunnen ur beteendedata. The media industry's revenue models depend on audience data. Traditionally, this type of data have consisted of measurements from audience panels, audience range, and sales figures. But today these models are also being built around rich behavioral data collected in real-time in digital channels. One challenge for such models is the individual's willingness to share personal data. This chapter discusses the implications for the media industry in light of research on privacy in the collection, processing, interoperability of databases and dissemination of information extracted from behavioral data.

Att dela personlig information i digitala sammanhang kan ge fördelar, men det finnsockså risker. Trots att insamling av beteendedata sker på många av de sajter svenskafolket använder idag, visar 2015 års SOM-undersökning att 60 procent av befolkningenär negativa till att dela personliga data med företag. Endast en liten andel avbefolkningen accepterar fullt ut att insamling sker. Majoriteten av befolkningen sägeratt de försöker begränsa sin personliga information på internet, samtidigt är det bara15 procent som noga läser igenom användarvillkor. Kanske beror svenskarnas övervägandenegativa attityd till att dela data på en omedvetenhet kring när data samlas inoch vilka fördelar det ger. Frågan är om ökad medvetenhet ger en mer accepterandeattityd eller om det leder till det motsatta? Oavsett vilken riktning utvecklingen tarkommer företagen att behöva bli tydligare jämtemot användare med hur och när desamlar in beteendedata. To share personal information in a digital context can provide benefits, but also involve risks. Although behavioral data are collected on many of the Swedish websitestoday, the SOM survey 2015 shows that 60 percent of the Swedish populationare resilient to share personal data with companies. Only a small percentage ofpopulation fully accepts that the collection takes place. The majority of the population say that they are trying to limit their personal information on the Internet, still only15 percent carefully read user policies. Perhaps the respondents negative attitudes toward sharing data are lack of awareness regarding when data are collected and what benefits they provide. The question is whether increased awareness will result in a more accepting attitude or if it leads to the opposite? Independent of which direction the development takes, companies will need to be more transparent with how and when behavior data is collected.

Datajournalistik som grävande arbetsmetod resulterar ofta i att journalistiska vinklar visualiseras i form av mönster eller specifika samband med hjälp av digitala medieformer. Här möts två tidigare åtskilda kulturer då journalistiska arbetsmetoder kombineras med tekniska arbetsmetoder. För att skapa en berättelse får journalister förtroende att fatta beslut åt publiken, i publikens intresse, medan en ingenjör istället kan bli anklagad för att fatta paternalistiska beslut över huvudet på människor. Med utgångspunkt från aktuell nordisk datajournalistik diskuteras i denna artikel därför vad som händer när just dessa två kulturer möts, i termer av beslutsfattande åt publiken, i publikens intresse.

The digital society of today is dramatically different than that of a decade ago. During the past decades computers have gone from being clearly visible and at the center of attention to becoming an integrated and omnipresent part of our everyday lives. Today, individuals are catching up on a reality where homes, workplaces and society to a large extent consist of microprocessors that collect, analyze and present information. With regards to news and information sharing, it may seem that the users, thanks to greater ability to choose content, hold the upper hand in this process. However, since these data are constantly collected and analyzed for various purposes by companies, for example in the media industry, the users’ choices may not be as unconditional as they may think they are. Using the Swedish media market as an example, this exploratory paper discusses the interdependency between people’s choices and the market-driven choices made by the media industry in relation to news, and the impact these choices may have on media consumption and the media market.

In this thesis, media convergence strategies and added value of digital news services are investigated, focusing on the newspaper industry and it’s audience. Convergence implies that previously unalike areas come together, approaching a common goal. A subordinate concept of convergence, i.e., media convergence, is a concept that has become common when denoting a range of processes within the production of media content, its distribution and consumption. Newspapers are one of many so-called publishing channels that provide information and entertainment. They have traditionally been printed on paper, but today’s digital technology makes it possible to provide newspapers through a number of different channels. The current strategy used by newspaper companies involves a process of convergence mainly regarding multiple publishing. A newspaper company interested in publishing content through multiple channels has to adapt its production workflow to produce content not only for the traditional printed edition, but also for the other channels. In this thesis, a generalized value chain involving four main stages illustrates the production workflow at a newspaper company in relation to the convergence processes. The four stages are creation, packaging, distribution and consumption of content. One of the aims of this thesis is to assess how the views and strategies of newspaper companies concerning media convergence correspond with the opinions and views concerning convergence of their audience. In order to discuss this, seven types of media convergence are suggested. Furthermore, the thesis explores how the newspaper industry is relating to the processes of convergence, using two examples: newspaper companies’ ventures into the use of moving images, and the newspaper companies’ strategies for a future epaper edition. Among the findings of this thesis are that digital news services can add value to a newspaper company, however that the digital news services investigated, in their current form, are not sophisticated enough to give added value as perceived by the audience. The findings of the thesis are based on studies of the newspaper industry in Sweden and reflect specific newspaper companies, their strategies, production workflow and ventures from 2002 to 2007. The methods used have mainly been case studies and surveys. QC 20100622

Convergence implies that previously unalike areas come together, approaching a common goal. A subordinate concept of convergence, i.e., media convergence, is a concept that has become common when denoting a range of processes within the production of media content, its distribution and consumption. The concept of media convergence has achieved buzzword status in many contexts due to its widespread use. The concept is not new and has been discussed by researchers in many academic fields and from several different points of views. This thesis will discuss media convergence as an ongoing process and not an end state. Newspapers are one of many so-called publishing channels that provide information and entertainment. They have traditionally been printed on paper, but today’s digital technology makes it possible to provide newspapers through a number of different channels. The current strategy used by newspaper companies involves a process of convergence mainly regarding multiple publishing. A newspaper company interested in publishing content through multiple channels has to adapt its production workflow to produce content not only for the traditional printed edition, but also for the other channels. In this thesis, a generalized value chain involving four main stages illustrates the production workflow at a newspaper company in relation to the convergence processes. The four stages are creation, packaging, distribution and consumption of content. The findings of the thesis are based on studies of the newspaper industry in Sweden and reflect specific newspaper companies, their strategies, production workflow and ventures from 2002 to 2005. The methods used have been case studies, literature studies and scenarios. Some of the conclusions of the thesis indicate that convergence processes have steered the newspaper companies’ development towards multiple channel publishing. Advancing technology and mergers between companies have contributed to the processes of convergence. However, the new publishing channels have been described as threatening to the traditional printed editions since they compete for consumers’ time and advertising revenues. Convergence of technology has made it possible to store, edit and publish material over many different networks using the same tools and the same database system. If the content is stored in a neutral format, it can be packaged and used in many different types of publishing channels. However, according to the studied newspapers, a fully automated workflow for all publishing channels is undesirable and impossible to achieve with the existing technology, standards and organizational structure. This licentiate thesis will discuss some of the strategies behind multiple channel publishing, production workflows and market conditions to detect how the newspaper industry is coping with media convergence. QC 20101123

This contribution to a Festschrift ("vänbok") to Gunnar Nygren at his retirement describes and discusses the deregulation of media, the demise of traditional parties in the Nordic countries, the deprofessionalization of journalism simultaneous with the emergence of publicity professionals in poublic administration, and the reregulation and re-establishment of power in a new political structure ruled by issue politics and related controversies.

Gunnar Nygren, Östersjöprofessor i journalistik vid Södertörns högskola, gick i februari 2020 i pension. Gunnar är en person som skapar engagemang kring viktiga frågor, driver på journalistisk förändring, och lyfter människor både i den akademiska världen och i mediebranschen. Ett signum för Gunnars forskning är att den uppmärksammar journalistikens samhällsroller på flera olika nivåer, från det hyperlokala till det globala. I denna vänbok beskriver kollegor till Gunnar hur de på olika sätt inspirerats av detta engagemang för journalistikens utveckling. Bokens 21 kapitel är författade av kollegor inom olika delar av akademin, samt av verksamma journalister som Gunnar samverkat med genom åren. Kapitlen kretsar kring fyra teman: Mediepolitik och demokrati; Kris, medieskugga och möjligheter; Gunnar som inspiratör; och Framtidens journalister och fortbildning. Kapitelförfattarna belyser centrala frågor för medieutvecklingen, men också hur Gunnar ‒ både som lärare och forskare ‒ har bidragit till en kritisk och konstruktiv diskussion om journalistikens roll i samhället.